Diversity of Life Practice Final Exam

Created by Melissa Elli Geiss msjahban@tulane.edu

PART I: MATCHING
Phylum Reproductive Term
_____ Porifera A) nauplius, hemimetabolous, holometabolous
_____ Cnidaria B) neoteny, amniotic egg, marsupial, placenta, monotreme
_____ Platyhelminthes C) clitellum
_____ Rotifera D) strobili, heterosporous, megaspores, microspores
_____ Mollusca E) mycorrhizae
_____ Annelida F) regeneration
_____ Nematoda G) sporangia
_____ Arthropoda H) proglottid
_____ Echinodermata I) parthenogenesis
_____ Chordata J) gills, cap
_____ Chytridiomycota K) copulatory hook
_____ Glomeromycota L) fragmentation
_____ Zygomycota M) strobilus
_____ Ascomycota N) conidia, conidiophores
_____ Basidiomycota O) trochophore
_____ Bryophyta P) aril, ovule, seed, wing, pollen grains, megaspores, microspores
_____ Hepaticophyta Q) zoospore
_____ Psilophyta R) anther, stigma, pollen tube, endosperm
_____ Lycophyta S) stolons, rhizoids
_____ Sphenophyta T) polyp, medusa
_____ Pterophyta U) dioecious
_____ Cycadophyta V) protonema
_____ Ginkgophyta W) microstrobilus, megastrobilus
_____ Coniferophyta X) prothallus, rhizoid
_____ Anthophyta Y) gemmae cups, thallus
PART II: FILL IN THE BLANK
Name the phylum. Importance of Organisms in this Phylum
Natural source of ephedrin used to treat hay fever, sinus headaches, asthma
Edible mushrooms (Portobello), rusts and smuts are agricultural pests
These are used for resin, pitch, turpentine, lumber, paper, and happiest of all,
CHRISTMAS TREES! Happy Christmas! Pine seeds are also a critical source of
food for wildlife.
These organisms comprise popular agricultural crops. Commercial fruits and flowers
contribute to a multi-billion dollar industry. It is also the dominant planetary
vegetation.
Ability to decompose the toughest biomaterials such as chitin, keratin, pollen; cause
of Black Wart Disease in potatoes
The only one of these native to the U.S. is the Zamia floridana, used by Seminoles
as a source of food. These plants are also used for landscaping and are favorable for
adding nitrogen to the soil for other plants. The grounded stems are used for sago
flour in India, Japan and other Eastern nations.
These are important for florist, gardening and landscape industry. Some parts of
these plants may be edible. These are also responsible for our modern deposits of
coal.
These organisms contribute to the bath sponge industry. The Venus Basket Sponge
is a great example of mutualism.
These organisms contain symbiotic colonies of the cyanobacteria Nostoc.
Lichen is an important source of food for most tundra animals (reindeer). These
organisms cause diseases such athlete’s foot, yeast infections, ringworm, and
histoplasmosis. Ergot fungi produce LSD. Other species are edible gourmet fungi.
These organisms may contribute to a multibillion-dollar industry involving hides, fur
and hair. Most organisms are included in the food industry as well. Evolutionarily,
these organisms were important in the development of the amniotic egg and
segmentation.
These plants are used for bonsai and are a source of herbal medicine. They are also
popular urban shade trees because of their yellow autumn foliage and their resistance
to air pollution.
Essential for the healthy growth of plants by delivering nutrients to roots of plants
These are the most primitive living plants that are currently used in landscaping and
gardening. Historically, they have been used for dressing wounds.
Some of these damage coral reefs. Others may be an Oriental delicacy, contributing
to a million dollar seafood industry.
These organisms contribute to the jewelry and souvenir industry. More importantly
in New Orleans, they contribute to the seafood industry.
Some of these organisms also contribute to the seafood industry. Others pollinate
fruit crops. However, there are some that actually cause crop damage or carry a host
of diseases such as malaria or the plague. Overall, these are critically important
herbivores that are the primary converters of plant tissue to animal tissue.
These organisms are important for soil aeration and soil fertility. Some of these
were used as medical anti-coagulants for hundreds of years. Sales to gardeners and
fisherman constitute a large industry centering on this phylum.
These constitute coral reefs, which are the most diverse and productive ecosystems
in the world. Hydrozoans are an important link in the freshwater food chain. Reef
fish and invertebrates are harvested for the aquarium pet trade.
These parasites include the Chinese Liver fluke and the tapeworms.
Diversity of Life Practice Final Exam created by Melissa Elli Geiss - msjahban@tulane.edu
 Diversity of Life Practice Final Exam created by Melissa Elli Geiss - msjahban@tulane.edu

PART III: ECOLOGY FILL-IN

____________________ a method of subdividing a niche to avoid direct competition with one another
specifically by exploiting the same resource in a different way

____________________ occurs when one species is a better competitor than another and forces it into local
exclusion
____________________ also referred to as the hypothetical niche, this is the entire niche and organism could
fill if there were no other interacting factors (such as competition or predation)

____________________ the environment of an organism; the place where it is usually found

____________________ physical conditions that restrict a population's growth that act from outside the
population that can include sunlight, water, nutrients, food and resources

____________________ a process in which natural selection favors individuals in a species that use resources
not used by other species. This results in evolutionary change leading to species dissimilar in resource use.

____________________ stresses the importance of disturbance

____________________ the actual niche occupied by an organism when all biotic and abiotic interactions are
taken into account

____________________ occurs when two species share the same fundamental niche and live together, but
neither species goes extinct

____________________ occurs when two or more organisms use the same resource in a way that affects the
birth rate or death rate of the competitors

____________________ bachelor males of species in which only territory holders mate

____________________ competition between members of different species

____________________ competition between members of the same species; most intense because needs
between members are the same

____________________ conditions that restrict a population's growth that act from within the population; can
include changes in reproductive physiology or changes in behavior

____________________ species who live in the same geographic area, same habitat, are active at the same time
of day but exploit the same resource in a different way; have higher rates of food capture than solitary birds

____________________ the ecological role that a species plays in a biological community, the sum total of its
needs and the parameters within which it can divide

____________________ situation in an ecosystem in which different species are in competition for the same
resources; in a natural ecosystem this is typically zero or minimal
____________________ engaging in face to face contest over limited resources; typical of animals that defend
a territory

____________________ conditions that restrict a population's growth that act in proportion to how dense the
population has become

____________________ conditions that restrict a population's growth that are not related to a population's
density (e.g. forest fires, tidal waves)

____________________ forces that disrupt a natural ecosystem

____________________ conditions that restrict a population's growth that act from outside the population; can
be abiotic or biotic

____________________ conditions that restrict a population's growth that act from outside the population that
can include competition, predation, and symbiosis

____________________ a state of equilibrium among the various living things and forces in the natural world

____________________ exploiting resources by using them up

____________________ the behavior of an animal that defines and defends its territory

____________________ any area that an animal defends against other animals

Diversity of Life Practice Final Exam created by Melissa Elli Geiss - msjahban@tulane.edu