WELCOME

SAIL-ISP, Burnpur
  Building segment
CHANGING TRENDS - Smaller products / Multi-tier configuration
- Reduced panel size / MVA
- 8.3 cu. mtrs. in the 50’s to 1.4 cu. mtrs.
- Use of 4 Pole devices
- Shift to fuse-less protection
- Increasing use of Electronics
 Drive towards energy efficiency
Drive Towards
- Green building movement (IGBC, GRIHA, BEE are
Energy Efficiency
rating agencies) & Net zero facility
Pressure for - Energy efficient Transformers, Motors & Lighting
Maximum Uptime
- Adoption of ISO 50001
Increase in
Power Demands  Higher productivity
- Reduced cycle-time & break-downs
Space Constraints
 Increase in Power Demands
Enhance Safety - Transformer ratings going up
- Higher ratings for devices
Stringent Standards  Changes in standard
- Environment, Energy efficiency, Safety
- EMI / EMC testing
 Enhanced safety
– Design, Materials, Pokayoke..
– Clearance & Creepage distances
– Locks & Interlocks.
 Low Voltage Switchgear - Terminology

• Rated Operational Voltage (Ue) • Rated Operational Current (Ie)

• Rated Insulation Withstand Voltage (Ui) • Rated Current (In)

• Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage (Uimp) • Conventional Free Air Thermal Current (Ith)

• Conventional Enclosed Thermal Current (Ithe)

• Rated Short Circuit Making Current (Icm)

• Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current (Icn)

• Rated Short Time Withstand Current (Icw)

 Low Voltage Switchgear - Terminology – Utilization category

Switchgear is a switching device. As such, it could be employed for any kind of

switching operation. But, its characteristics like the operational current, the making &
breaking currents will greatly depend on the application. Based on the applications,
switchgear are categorized under different “Utilization categories”.
 POLLUTION DEGREE

• Pollution Degree 1 - No Pollution or only dry non-conducting

pollution

• Pollution Degree 2 - Normally non-conductive pollution, but

occasionally temporary conductivity caused by condensation must
be expected

• Pollution Degree 3 - Conductive pollution or dry non-conductive

pollution which becomes conducting due to condensation

• Pollution Degree 4 - Pollution generates persistent conductivity

caused by conductive dust and/or rain or snow
 Normal Service Condition

Standard pollution degree of industrial applications: Unless otherwise stated by the

relevant product standard, equipment for industrial applications is generally for use in
pollution degree 3 environment.

Standard pollution degree of household and similar applications: Unless otherwise

stated by the relevant product standard, equipment for household and Similar
applications is generally for use in pollution degree 2 environment.
Electrical Safety

www.CareerSafeOnline.com
 Overview
• Improper use of electricity or careless handling of electrical equipment leads to a
number of avoidable accidents every year, resulting in huge loss of productive man-
hours, monetary compensation liability to the employer and sometimes instances of
fatalities.
• Safety • Safety should be built into the design of electrical
equipment.
• Incorrect selection and application of even the most well
designed piece of electrical machinery can give rise to
hazardous conditions.
• Care is required in operation and maintenance of any electrical
equipment to avoid accidents.
• Appropriate knowledge of equipment and systems is a must
for each and every person who operates or maintains the
equipment
• All electrical equipment/installations must be monitored
closely for their continued safe operation.
 Why do accidents happen?
• Most electrical accidents result from one or
more of the following three factors:
– Unsafe equipment or installation,
– Unsafe environment,
– Unsafe work practices.
• Some ways to prevent these accidents are
through the use of insulation, guarding,
grounding, electrical protective devices, and safe
work practices.
 Occupational Hazard

It is an existing situation or condition at work

place that has a potential to cause an injury
or damage.
A Very Common Hazards
 Unsafe Act
A deviation from accepted norm or correct
procedure or practice, which has a potential
to cause accident.
 Unsafe Condition

Any physical condition which deviates from accepted norm or

practice and has the potential to cause accident.
 The Top 10 Workplace Electrical
Hazards Everyone Should Know

1.Unqualified Employees
2.Improper Procedure & Identification of Hazards
3.Failure to Observe Overhead and Buried Power Lines
4. Lack of Warning Signage
5. Faulty & Improper Use of Extension and Tool Cords
6. Incorrect Coverings and Mountings
7. Lack of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
8. Incorrect Panel Schedules
9. Failure to Inspect & Have Operational Safety Exits,
Alarms, and Cut-offs
10. Failure to Have an Emergency Action Plan
 Human
o ry Factor M
l a t
R eg u ci es ed
A g en ia

S Jo
Cost SAFETY
SAFETY
b
Se
cu
ri
ty

Qu He
alit Production a lt h
y
 Accident Prevention

1. Hazard identification & Risk Assessment

2. Education & training for employees and contract
labour
3. Proper infrastructure and Workplace discipline
(enforcement of safety rules)
4. Motivation for safety (Safety promotional activities)
5. Accident reporting & investigation
7. Corrective & preventive action and their evaluation
8. Machine and equipment guarding, exhaust system
(to extract fumes) etc.
9. Maintain good housekeeping
10. Safety Inspection & Safety Audit
 Hand tools accidents

The severity of accidents is mostly low, but its

frequency is high.
 Electrical Safety – Portable Hand Tools

1. Check for Earthing of electrically operated portable

drilling machine (use 3 pin plug top).

2. Use tool at rated voltage. Use gloves and appropriate

footwear.

3. Store in dry place when not using.

4. Don’t use in wet/damp conditions.

5. Keep working areas well lit.

6. Routing of cable must be proper. Ensure not a tripping

hazard.
Electrical Safety – Portable Hand Tools
7. If possible use portable tool with low voltage system.
Don’t carry a tool by the cord.

8. Don’t yank ( pull out fast) the cord to disconnect it.

9. Keep cords away from heat, oil, & sharp edges.

Inspect the tool periodically.

10. Disconnect when not in use and when changing

accessories such as blades & bits.

11. Remove damaged tools from use. Check the cord.

12. Use double insulated tools Double Insulated marking

(make sure the casing is not broken).
 Hazards

1. Primary Hazards:
o Electric shock
o Electric flash
o Electric fire & explosion
o Electric burns

2.Secondary Hazards:
o Person falling from height
o Dropping of tools & objects
o Health hazards due to release of toxic gas &
production of UV rays
o Psychological effects
 EFFECTOF CURRENT ON HUMAN BODY

CURRENT MAGNITUDE EFFECT

2 mA No sensation
2 mA – 10mA Let go current
No adverse effect
10mA – 25mA Painful, can cause
muscle contraction
25mA – 50mA Ventricular fibrillation
More than 50mA Can be fatal

DRY SKIN BODY RESISTANCE 350 k Ohm

WET SKIN BODY RESISTANCE 1000 Ohm
Severity Of Electric Shock Depends On

• Magnitude of current

• Voltage

• Path of flow

• Duration of flow

• Resistance ( Physical state of the person)

Path Of Flow
Path Of Flow
Path Of Flow
 First Aid

Treatment Rendered Before The Doctor

Arrives.
First Aid Facilities At Site
 Golden Rules of First Aid

1. Do first thing quickly, quietly, without panic

2. Give priority to serious calamity
3. Control the crowd, disperse them tactfully
4. Inform relatives (casualty)
5. Reassure the casualty
6. Arrange for transport of the casualty to the
nearest doctor/hospital
 One Should Know

 Normal pulse rate = 72 – 80 /min.

In children it is more.

 Normal respiration rate = 12 - 15 times/min.

In children = 20 - 28 times/min.

 Blood volume, Males = 5 - 5.5 Liters

Females = 4 – 4.5 Liters

 2/3rd by volume blood lost casualty is labeled

as serious
Burns
 Burns

In case of fire to the body – Remember

STOP – DROP – ROLL

 Burns

1. Cover the body with blanket

2. Do not use Fire Extinguisher on the body

3. Always cover the burn area with dry sterile dressing

4. In case eyes burn: Flush it with water for at least 15 - 20

minutes

5. Do not remove burned clothes

6. Do not break blister ( Bubbles in skin)

 Electric Shock
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
Step 1
Do not endanger yourself. If the victim is still in
contact with the electrical current, you must
be careful to avoid being shocked yourself. You
cannot help if you become a victim, too.
Do not touch the victim. The current can pass
through you also.
Do not touch the source of electricity.
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
Step 2
Break the current. Before you can do anything else, you
must get the victim free from the current. There are two
ways to do this:
Shut off the current at the power box. Turn off the current
at the circuit breaker or fuse box. This is the preferred
option.

If no shut off is immediately available, use a non-

conducting item to move the victim, such as a wooden
broomstick, blanket, or rope.
If they are holding onto a wire or other conductor, attempt
to knock their hand(s) free with a stick or dry towel.
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock

Step 3
Call for emergency assistance. Make certain to
state that the victim is suffering from electric
shock; tell the XXX operator to request that
any responding police have an AED (Automatic
External De-fibrilator) available. Also tell the
XXX operator if you have not been able to
remove (disable) the source of electricity.
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
Step 4
If the victim is unconscious, check to see if
they are breathing and have a pulse. Electric
shocks may knock the person unconscious,
halt their breathing, and stop the heart.
If the victim is not breathing, begin rescue
breathing.
If it is needed, begin CPR (Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation).
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
Step 5
Do not attempt to move the victim unless they
are in further danger. Other injuries may have
occurred that you are unaware of.
How to Treat a Victim of Electric Shock
Step 6
Cover the victim in a blanket and stay with them
until help arrives. Do not leave them alone. Take
steps to prevent or lessen the severity of shock.
 Artificial Respiration
(Mouth To Mouth Breathing)
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
Major reasons for fire in electrical systems
 Reasons for Electrical Fire Incidents

Non compliance Poor or no

to statutory maintenance
regulations

Pressure on
Capital and
Timelines

Inadequate
knowledge of Bypass or short
supervisor and cut ( Temporary
technicians installations)
Switchboard performance
contributing Factors Bus Joint Bus Design

Link Cross Section Ventilation

Terminal Ambient
Connections

Product

Internal Enclosure Size

Design

TYPICAL PANEL SIDE ELEVATION

Current Distribution & Inductive Effect

Skin Effect is the phenomenon Proximity Effect is the phenomenon by

by which the current distribution which the current distribution in one
In the busbar is distorted due to conductor is distorted by the current in the
the inductive effect of the Adjacent conductors.
current In the conductor itself.

CURRENT IN
D.C. DISTRIBUTION
SAME DIRECTION
SKIN + PROXIMITY IN ADJACENT
EFFECT CONDUCTORS

A.C. DISTRIBUTION CURRENT IN

SKIN + PROXIMITY OPPOSITE
AN ISOLATED EFFECT DIRECTIONS IN
SKIN EFFECT
CONDUCTOR ADJACENT
CONDUCTORS
Uprating of Busbar – Various configuration

Alternating Current Capacities for same Cross-sectional Area

180

160 154 157

% 140
128
125
U 118
120
P
100
R 100
A
80
T
I 60
N
40
G
20

0
 Double Bus system

 Busbars of same phase are arranged

one above the other
 Reduces Proximity effect
 Reduces Skin effect
Conventional Double deck
 Lower Watt loss system arrangement
Link Size
RANGE OF TEST COPPER BARS AS ALUMINIUM BARS AS PER
CURRENT* PER IEC:60947-2 IS:13947-2

Area
DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS
(A) Nos. Nos. in Sq.
(mm) (mm)
mm

400 - 500 2 30 X 5 2 32 X 8 512

500 - 630 2 40 X 5 2 40 X 8 640
630 - 800 2 50 X 5 2 50 X 8 800
800 - 1000 2 60 X 5 2 50 X 10 1000
1000 - 1250 2 80 X 5 2 63 X 12 1512
1250 - 1600 2 100 X 5 4 50 X 8 1600
1600 - 2000 3 100 X 5 3 100 X 10 3000
2000 - 2500 4 100 X 5 4 100 X 10 4000
2500 - 3150 3 100 X10 4 150 X 10 6000
* The value of current shall be greater than the first value in the first column and less than or equal to
the second value in that column
Busbar Configuration (proximity effect)

De-rating Factors

Phase Spacing De-rating Factor

3W 0.82
4W 0.89
5W 0.95
6W 0.99
>6W 1.00

W 3W W 3W W
Other factors
• No. of tiers :
• More than one ACB in vertical, means adding more heat sources
• More than one tier of ACBs also results in reduction in amount of air circulation.
• Lower tier ACB also increases the heat in the ACB mounted in upper tier.

• Use of partitions :
• Highly partitioned enclosures reduce air circulation within the panel.
• Use of horizontal partitions, in particular, obstructs the air circulation within the panel.

• Size of the panel compartment

• Proper termination / connection
• Power Quality (Harmonics)
• Environment (SOX ..NOX..)
 Proper termination / connection
• Mating of surface • Painting of busbars
• Preparation of joints • Proper overlap
• Cu to Aluminium • Use right size (correct Length &
• Aluminium to Aluminium Dia) of bolts with plain & spring
• Sleeve should not be trapped washers
• Supports : • Recommended Tightening torque :
• Minimum 2 supports in order to prevent
weight of links on ACB terminals.
• Ist support < 100 mm
• Other supports should be provided at regular
intervals so that stresses induced during
short circuit do not exceed elastic limit of the
link material.
Heat dissipation in the panel
• Conduction
• Transfer of heat inside solid
bodies. For e.g. heat transferfrom
ACB terminal to the connected
links.
• Convection
• Transfer of heat between a solid
body and a moving fluid. For e.g
heat transfer from links & busbars
to the moving air inside the panel.
• Radiation
• Transfer of heat between two
separated solid bodies. For e.g.
heat transfer between ACB
terminals & panel body.
Natural Cooling
Installation
Forced Cooling

Installation

Volume of air flow is increased by the provision of fans along

with the louvers, at appropriate locations
 Thermography to detect Over Heating

!!!
Main reasons for over heating can be:
i. Improper termination
ii. Harmonics
iii. Lack of ventilation
iv. Eddy currents
v. Lack of maintenance

Main consequences can be:

i. Decrease in life of the breaker
ii. Insulation failure
iii. Malfunctioning of the Breaker

Reading @ site
• I-THD 28% (5th & 7th
harmonics)
• V-THD 5%
Temperature Module for ACB.

ACB Release
• Monitors the temperature of
Power
Module ACB terminals.
• Senses temperature through
AS+

thermistors
• Range from 85º to 115º C
• Can set temperature limit for
ACB
SIC
Alarm or Tripping
Interconnections of ACB
• Provision for self diagnostic test
• Communicates on internal CAN
bus.

Temperature Module
Arc Flash Protection Relay
What is Arc Flash? Effects of Arc Flash

Arc fault is the fault between 2 Damage to vision Broken bones

phases or a phase and neutral Or
ground with air as conductor Severe burns Internal organ damage

Rapid release of energy during arc Lacerations Brain injury

faults results in an arc flash
Hearing loss Fatality

PGR 8800 Features

Fastest trip time 6 external sensors + 1 local sensor
Optical sensors with sensor check Adjustable light sensitivity (9 to 25 klux)
Surface or DIN-rail mounting Power supply: 110-240 V AC/DC (50/60 Hz)
Redundant trip path 24 Vdc backup battery and low voltage DC supply
Over current detection (14-48 V)
Plug and play configuration software Facility to link 4 units in larger systems
ARC Reaction time < 1ms using IGBT trip Supports MODBUS RTU protocol
FLASH contact PC interface via USB
Reliable solution for
Arc Flash Protection No door cut-out. Easy to fit in existing
1000 event logs
panels.
PGR 8800 CE certified
Supports point and fiber optic sensors
MOLTEN
METAL
L&T Solution - Arc Flash Relay

Point Sensor
Fiber Optic Sensor
Typical Installation of Arc Flash Protection Unit
 IEC 61439 – 1&2
Safe and Reliable Switchboards
Safety of personnel and protection of equipment
Long term Reliability & conformity

Low Voltage Switchgear and controlgear assemblies

60
IEC 61439 : Why was new standard required ?

IEC 60439-1
assumed
TTA/PTTA
double function
Definitions
Difficult to
• Product Standard
• Gave rise to
understand • General
New Misinterpretations
requirements for
• Grey areas existed • Limited Applicability
Applications other standards
• Subjective • No benefit for EU
not covered Interpretations

• Introduced in 1998 • Poorly structured

contents
• Number of
applications evolved
since not considered
 IEC 60439 -1 IEC 61439 -1-2
Low Voltage Switchgear Low Voltage Switchgear

Original Manufacturer
& control gear assemblies & control gear assemblies

Tests & Verification Design Verification Performed

By Original Manufacturer

Verification Verification Verification

Type Tested Partially type
By By By
Assemblies (AS) Tested
Testing Calculation Design
Assemblies (ANS)
Rules

Assembly Manufacturer
Assembly
Assembler

Routine Tests

Routine Verification
Assembly Complying with
Standard IEC 60439 -1
Assembly Complying with
Standard IEC 61439 -1-2
 Specifies the needs and
constraints for design,
installation, operation and
upgrading of the complete
system. He is responsible for
"Routine verifications"
Specifier on each panel produced,
according to the standard

Original Assembly
Manufacturer Manufacturer

He is responsible for the

"Design verifications" listed
by IEC 61439-2 including
many electrical tests.
End User
Philosophy of Should ask for certified
LV switchboard
IEC 61439
63
 Continuity Compliance
Safety of with End
user
Service Requirements

Basic Goals of IEC 61439

 Capability to operate
 Voltage Stress withstand capability  Maintenance and  Capability to be
 Short –Circuit Withstand Capability modification capability installed
 Protection against Electric Shock  Electromagnetic  Protection against
 Protection against Fire or Explosion compatibility environmental
Hazards conditions

64
Voltage Stress Current Carrying Capability Short Circuit withstanding Capability
Clearance Temperature Rise Test Short circuit withstand Test
Creepage
Dielectric Test Protection against Fire or Explosion
Impulse withstand Test
Glow wire Test
Safety
Protection against Electric shock

IP Test
Mechanical operation Test
Compliance with End
Verification of Dielectric Properties Continuity of Service user Requirements
Measurement of Resistance between IP Test, IK Test
Each exposed part & PE terminal IP Test Corrosion Test
Mechanical operation Test Lifting Test
Short circuit test of protective circuit UV Test
EMC Test
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering :  Power Control Centre ( PCC )

 Motor control Center ( MCC )

PCC  Power & Motor Control Center ( PMCC )

Special  Main Distribution Board ( MDB )

purpose MCC
panels
 Sub Main Distribution Board –
Floor mounted ( SMDB )

Floor  Special Purpose Panels

Mounted PMCC
SMDB
 Automatic Power Factor Control
Panels ( APFC )
MDB
 IP 65 panels
 Fire panels
 SMART Panel
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering : Power & Motor Control Centre ( PMCC )

 Panel rating : Up to 4000A
 HBB rating : Up to 8000A

 Starter rating : Up 370 KW In

SUP
 Starter rating : Up 80 KW In DB

 BB material : Copper, Aluminum

 Main BB location : Top , Bottom
 Cabling location : Top , Bottom
 Vertical dropper : Individual ,
shared

 Form of separation : Up to Form

4B
 Degree of protection : Up to IP54

 Compliance to : IEC61439
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering : Main Distribution Boards ( MDB )

 Panel rating : Up to 4000A

 BB material : Copper, Aluminum

 Main BB location : Top , Bottom
 Cabling location : Top , Bottom
 Vertical dropper : Individual ,
shared

 Half width , Full width feeder

 Single front, Double front

 Form of separation : Up to Form

4B
 Degree of protection : Up to IP54

 Compliance to : IEC61439
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering : Sub Main Distribution Boards – Floor mounted

( MDB )  Panel rating : Up to 1250A

 BB material : Copper, Aluminum

 Main BB location : Top , Bottom
 Cabling location : Top , Bottom
 Vertical dropper : Individual ,
shared

 Half width , Full width feeder

 Single front

 Form of separation : Up to Form

3B
 Degree of protection : Up to IP54

 Compliance to : IEC61439
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering : Special solutions

Automatic Power Factor Control Panels ( APFC )
Operation Voltage 440 V AC
Rated Frequency 50 +/-5% Hz
kVAr rating Up to 250KVAr per
Vertical panel.
Insulation Voltage Up to 3 kV
Over current withstand 1.8 to 3.0 times of rated
current at rated kVAr
Peak inrush current 200 to 500 times of rated
current
Conforming Standards IEC 61921, IEC 61439
and IS 13947
Form of Separation Form3B
Degree of protection IP42 as per IS2147
Horizontal Bus bar Aluminium /Copper
Material
Ti range of panels …. Smart solution

Ti offering : Special solutions

IP 65 Panels  Panel rating : Up to 2500A
 BB material : Copper,
Aluminum
IP 65  Main BB location : Top
 Cabling location : Bottom
 Vertical dropper : Individual
 Half width , Full width feeder
 Single front
 Form of separation : Up to
Form 3B

 Internal panel will be Ti and

external enclose will be IP 65
L&T S-Line Busbar Trunking System

Safe & Reliable solution

for every application Buildings

Airports
Hospital

Metro

Industry
S-Line Range Overview

Aluminium Busduct Copper Busduct

Ratings: 250A to 5000A Ratings: 400A to 6300A
Enclosure: 1.6mm GI Enclosure: 2.5mm AL
• Insulation : UL approved, Class-F insulation (PET)
• Rated Voltage : Up to 1000V
• Joint Block : Uniblock Joint with Twin headed
Maintenance free Nut
• Degree of protection : IP54, 55, 65 & 66
• Plug-in/Tap-off Box : 16A to 1250A
 New Products & development
S-Line Copper Busduct

Advantages :
 UL certified, Class-F insulation
 Rated impulse voltage: 12kV
 Rated insulation voltage: 1100V
 2.5mm thick Aluminium enclosure
 Uniblock Joint with Torque indicating maintenance free Nut
 Certified for Seismic Zone: 5
 New Products & development
250A Aluminum Busduct

Advantages :
 Compact size: 135x70mm
 Higher short circuit withstand capacity: 18kA for 1 Sec
 Lesser voltage drop: 0.0815V/Mtr @0.8p.f.
 Certified for Seismic Zone:5
 Rated impulse voltage: 8kV & 12kV
 Rated insulation voltage: 1100V
 Some unique advantages…
Can withstand Earthquake, wind propagation vibration in Buildings or
Industry…

 L&T Offering : L&T busducts are Type tested for

Seismic Zone-5 as per IS 1893 & High Seismic
Qualification Level as per IEEE 693.
The assembly comprises of Vertical + Horizontal lengths
with Plug-in box was offered for testing
CHANGE DRIVERS

Reliability
Higher
productivity Efficiency CHANGE
Managing Safety DRIVERS
obsolescence
Managing Power- Convenience
quality Process Safety of
improvement personnel
Asset
management Energy efficiency Safety of
equipment Smart
monitoring
Safety of and control
environment
Cloud based
systems
 ISO 50001
Energy Management Systems

Continuous improvement process ……

Typical Energy Consumption in an Industry /
Building

Lighting 15%

HVAC 5%

Motor 75%
Others 5%
 DOL Starter

• S.C.P.D.: Fuse / MCCB/MPCB

S.C.P.D.
Isolation & Short Circuit Protection

Starter • Starter:
• Contactor - Normal / overload operations

M +
• Relay - Overload protection
Different SCPDs
Type of Co-ordination

TYPE 1

Damage to contactor & overload relay is acceptable. No

discharge beyond the enclosure is permitted.

TYPE 2

No damage to overload relay or other parts is allowed.

Light welding of contacts of the contactor is permitted if
they can be easily separated (e.g. by a screw driver)
without significant deformation
Motor protection: Co-ordination

Typical motor starting current = 6 In (DOL, standard motor)

Max. peak starting current = 6 In × 2.2 = 13.2 In
Magnetic threshold of MCCB = Imag
Non trip value of MCCB = 0.8 × Imag (rms)
Peak value of non trip = 1.414 × 0.8 × Imag

To avoid nuisance tripping :

- 1.414 × 0.8 × Imag > 13.2 In
- Imag > 11.8 In
 IE1, IE2,IE3
Motors

Differences and impact on Type 2

• Most manufacturer today offer IE2, IE3 Motors

• Starting sub transient current is higher in IE2,IE3 motors

• This has an impact on SCPD selection for Fuseless protected feeders

• As sub transient current is higher, higher rating MCCB / MPCB is

required to avoid nuisance tripping during start

Mobile Application – Switchgear Selection
Reduced Voltage Options

Star – Delta Starter

Soft Starter

AC Inverter Drive
Energy Saving By VFDs
Why to use VFDs ?

Soft Speed Torque Energy

Start Control control Saving

Quality Electronic
Soft Stop
control Reversing
Opportunities
• Replacing conventional starters
• Replacing Old Drives of any make Film on VFDs
• Better drive for harsh environments due to conformal coating
 Hx2000 Coming Soon

Sx2000 IP66
Coming Soon

Lx2000

X2000 Range : 0.1kW to 450kW

Fx2000

Ex2000

Sx2000

Cx2000

0.1kW 3.7kW 5.5kW 11kW 22kW 90kW 375kW 450kW

 Impact on Power Quality

Lower
Energy
Monitoring
Energy Saving Power
Quality
 How energy saving impact of Power Quality

Distort the Distorted Sine

Energy Saving Sine Wave Wave
Devices
Current Voltage

Induces Lower Power

Harmonics Quality
EFFECTS OF
HARMONIC

Malfunctioning of Metering and

Overheating Capacitor Failure protection Devices

Transformer Neutral Overload AVR Failure Sensitive load Failure

HARMONIC GRID
AMPLIFICATION ZT
GRID
BUS
With Capacitor OFF
With Capacitor OFF

Non Linear
BUS

Load
Equivalent Load
M Impedance “ZL”

ZN With Capacitor ON
BENEFITS OF
HARMONIC MITIGATION
Reduction in
operating expenses

Reduced power losses

in transformers, cables,
switchgear and reduced
energy losses

No unwanted tripping of
circuit breakers or
Reduced RMS current protection relays or high
eliminates temperatures takes
the need to oversize place. Hence, significant
switchgear, transformers, financial losses linked to
Reduction in cables and busbars process interruption Improved business
capital expenditure are avoided performance
IEEE – 519 - 2014 HARMONIC LIMITS
(120V to 69 KV)

Maximum Harmonic CurrentLimits

Voltage Distortion Distortion in % IL
Individual Harmonic Order (Odd Harmonics)
Total Harmonic Distortion
Bus Voltage V at PCC Individual Voltage Harmonics %
Isc / IL <11 11 ≤ h <17 17 ≤ h <23 23 ≤ h < 35 35 ≤ h ≤THD
50 % TDD

<20 V ≤ 1.0 4.0%

kV 2.0% 5
1.5% 0.6% 0.3% 8.0 5.0%

20 - 50 7.0% 3.5% 2.5% 1.0% 0.5% 8.0%

1 kV < V ≤ 69 kV 3 5.0
50 - 100 10.0% 4.5% 4.0% 1.5% 0.7% 12.0%
69 kV < V ≤ 161 kV
100 - 1000 12.0 % 5.5%
1.5
5.0% 2.0% 1.0%
2.5 15.0%

>1000 161 KV 15.0%

<V 7.0% 1.0
6.0% 2.5% 1.4% 1.5 20.0%

where
Isc = Maximum short-circuit current at PCC.
IL = Maximum demand load current (fundamental frequency component) at PCC under normal operating condition.
ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Real Power(kW)

Reactive Power (kvar)

Transformer Free
From
Reactive Power / Unbalance Power
Unbalance
& Harmonics Harmonics-TDD
FEED BACK FROM CT

Dynamic Reactive power / PF

Unbalance Compensation

Harmonics Mitigation

RLC + UNBALANCE+
HARMONIC LOADS
RES + REACTIVE
LOADS
RESISTIVE
LOADS ONLY
ACTIVE HARMONIC FILTER
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Real Power(kW)

Reactive Power (kvar)

Transformer Free
From
Reactive Power / Unbalance Power
Unbalance
& Harmonics Harmonics-TDD
FEED BACK FROM CT

Dynamic Reactive power / PF

Unbalance Compensation

Harmonics Mitigation

RLC + UNBALANCE+
HARMONIC LOADS
AHF
for complete solution …

Reduce Improve Reduce

Harmonic Power Factor Unbalance
Current Current

30 Amp to 600 Amp 3 Phase 3 wire & 4 wire

New DPM Range

4410 4430 5010

4405
4400 4420 4440

NEW

01 03 04 06 07
02 05
Basic + kW, Basic + Power, 4410 + MD 4420 + Import- 4410 + MD
kWh, kVA, kVAh Energy + THD% Export (RTC) + Events
Primarily , the tool used for monitoring Energy consumption
is Meters

But meters only gives you instantaneous values. This is not

sufficient to take decisions on Energy Saving
Energy Management - Analytics

• Compared to
yesterday
• Compared to
same month
last year

• Hourly
• Last 30 days
• Last 12
months
• Y-O-Y
• TOD
[ SmartComm Architecture – Across Geography ]

Sender-Gateway with
GSM Modules

Head Office – Location 5

Office – Location 1

SmartComm Server
Office – Location 2
Receiver-
Gateway with
GSM Module

Store – Location 4

Factory – Location 3
 Modernization Trends

SCADA & Plant

Information System MIS SCADA EMS
CCR

Quality
DCS Control

DCS
MCC Room

DRIVES

Switchgear MV Boards PCC / MCC / Drives

LV & MV

Field
Instruments HT Motors Transformer Instruments

Motors
Field

Transformers Switch Yard LT Motors

ACB Retrofit Solutions

A - Existing Bus-bar B - Retrofit Adaptor C - Retrofit Links

B
C F
D
E

D - OMEGA Cradle Adaptor E - Mounting Plate F - Panel Door

ACB RETROFIT : ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
YOY (Nos.)
3000
2460
2500
1947
2000 1763

1500

1000

500

0
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
GE Spectronic GE MPACT L&T Omega

› L&T CNCS
› GE MPACT 100% Engineered Solution from L & T

› GE Spectronic 0% Bus-bar Modification

› L&T U Power 30% Less Downtime
› Normal to HE ACB 100% Peace of Mind
› Other Products to ACB
OTHER ACB SOLUTIONS
A. ACB Release upgradation for B
A communication /indication / features
B. Use of Vacuum Contactor where ACB
is used as motor starter
C. Starter Module to draw-out ACB
D. Matrix releases
1. Dual setting feature of Matrix
releases for improving safety
during maintenance MVO Vacuum
2. Use of temperature module for Contactors
temperature indication
E. Conversion to EDO ACB for automation

C D

DN1(TM) SR18G /SR18GD with display

SR61 SR71

SR18G SR18GD

UNRS Matrix releases Draw-out Module Omega

OLD PANEL REPLACEMENT

Lucas TVs
Brakes India

SMDB

Chennai Airport
CME, Dapodi
PLUG & PLAY RETROFIT SOLUTIONS FOR NGEF VCB
The new moving part is modified to fit the existing fixed part

ADVANTAGES ENGINEERING

Manufacturing of
Economical Solution customized VCB to
suit old Breaker
Very less down time
Maintaining of
interlocks
Rack in/Rack out
arrangement

At present we have this solution for only AEG NGEF MOCB model
EKU 5012/10
Retrofit of Feeder Protection Relays in LV & MV Systems

Existing Electromechanical relays New nX series

nX Series offer you numerical type 3 phase over current & Earth Fault Relay.
Its microcontroller based design offers you to choose from various field selectable IDMT & definite curves.
Retrofit of Motor Protection Relays in LV & MV Systems

Existing Electromechanical/ Numerical Motor Protection relays like -

Static/ Thermal OL relays MM10,MPR300 & M-COMP
All New Generation Products from L&T are “IoT” Ready

MCCB & ACB Releases, MDU

MTX3.0, MTX3.5EC, MTX3.5H,MTX4.5,
SR71M, UN-CO, AUCOM

Relays
mComp, mComp +,FComp

Drives & Soft Starters

x2000 series , EMX3

Meters
Quasar, Nova, Vega, Gemini,
ER300P,kWh

Agri Products
3 phase & 1 phase Starters & Controllers
Data from Switchgear can be taken to Local Intranet or Internet

• Intranet Data

Internet •
•
Multi-location Management
Multi-User Management
• Analytics Software
• ETU data – e.g.. I, V, E, Status

Intranet •
•
Trends
Records / Alarm
• Etc.
• Panel indicators

Local •
•
Push buttons
Local HMI
• Etc.
Substation Automation Solution

Umbrella Concept that embraces all the Real-Time Control, Monitoring and Operational Functions for the electrical network

Distribution Management (DMS) Substation Automation (SA)

Feeder Automation (FA) Meter Reading (AMR)

Fiber Optic
Link IEC 61850
B Station Bus
E F E
D
C C
A IEC 61850
IEC 61850 Station Bus
Process Bus

Switchyard Ethernet Relay Room Ethernet Substation

Switch switch Control Room

A Data acquisition and merging unit C Protection relay and multifunction IED E Ethernet switch
(DTU, FTU)

B Substation bay controller D HMI F Measuring and monitoring IEDs

Substation Automation Solution Typical System Structure
Smart Substation

Local HMI Operation - SCADA

Protection Relays

Process WAN
Substation LAN
and Sensors

Multi-vendor
protocols
IEC 61850 Devices

IEC 61850
L & T DAP Server

DAPguard Central Access Server

L & T DAP 300 DAPview
DAPgateway
Modernization & Upgradation

116
Training Centers

Pune Lucknow Delhi

Coonoor Vadodara Kolkata

To Promote Good Electrical Engineering Practices for

Right Product selection

Optimum System designs
Proper Maintenance
Customer Interaction Centre

Products / Services Enquiry

Product Catalogues
Dealer / Service Centre

1800 233 5858

1800 200 5858
022 – 6774 5858 Feedback
Email Product / Services
cic@lntebg.com

Service Call Registration

Retrofitting
Everything E&A with just a click…

Catalogs & Articles

Drive Selection

Power Quality Solns.

Type 2 Charts
Everything E&A with just a click…

Catalogs & Articles

Drive Selection

Power Quality Solns.

Type 2 Charts
Everything E&A with just a click…

Catalogs & Articles

Drive Selection

Power Quality Solns.

Type 2 Charts
Everything E&A with just a click…

Catalogs & Articles

Drive Selection

Power Quality Solns.

Type 2 Charts
L&T SERVICE
ADVANTAGE

30 Branch 45 Service
Offices Engineers

185 Service 750

Channel
Technicians
Partners

104 Approved
100 ISPs Service Centres

PARTNER IN PROGRESS
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