Chapter 11 Test Study Guide

The Nervous System

Nervous system divided into CNS and PNS.
- Both have Neurons. (NEURONS are the basic unit of the nervous system.)

Functions:
- Sensory Input -- monitoring stimuli
- Integration- interpretation of sensory input
- Motor output- response to stimuli

PNS has two functional divisions:

- sensory (afferent)---> takes messages to CNS
- Motor (efferent)----> transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs

Types of neurons by functions: (1) sensory (2) motor (3) interneurons (association neuron; turns
messages around)

Types of neurons by structure: (1) unipolar (2) bipolar (3) multipolar (MOST COMMON IN BODY)

Motor (Efferent) Division: (1) somatic (voluntary) (2) autonomic (involuntary)

Neuroglia in the CNS: (1) astrocytes (2) microglia (3) ependymal cells (4) oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia in the PNS: (1) Satellite cells (2) Schwann cells

*Neurons are amitotic meaning they cannot divide! BECAUSE they DONT have centrioles!

Direction of signal: dendrites ----> axon

Nissel bodies are the endoplasmic reticulum-----> dark spots inside soma
Synapse is the space between neurons.

Neurotransmitters are the “language” of the nervous system that communicates with other process and
sends messages to the rest of the body. Ex. Ach, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine

The myelin sheath is made up of Schwann cells. Function: excellerates and insulate neurons

Nodes of ranvier-- spaces with axon collaterals (branches); space with no myelin sheath

Two types of synapses: (1) electrical (2) chemical

Types of synapses-- (1) inhibitory (2) excitatory

Dendrites receive the message first.

Actions and functions are initiated by the five senses!

Sense organs are part of the PNS and communicates between CNS and the rest of the body.

Neurolemma = plasma membrane of the neurons

Chapter 11 Test Study Guide
The Nervous System
Nervous system divided into CNS and PNS.
- Both have Neurons. (NEURONS are the basic unit of the nervous system.)

Functions:
- Sensory Input -- monitoring stimuli
- Integration- interpretation of sensory input
- Motor output- response to stimuli

PNS has two functional divisions:

- sensory (afferent)---> takes messages to CNS
- Motor (efferent)----> transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs

Types of neurons by functions: (1) sensory (2) motor (3) interneurons (association neuron; turns
messages around)

Types of neurons by structure: (1) unipolar (2) bipolar (3) multipolar (MOST COMMON IN BODY)

Motor (Efferent) Division: (1) somatic (voluntary) (2) autonomic (involuntary)

Neuroglia in the CNS: (1) astrocytes (2) microglia (3) ependymal cells (4) oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia in the PNS: (1) Satellite cells (2) Schwann cells

*Neurons are amitotic meaning they cannot divide! BECAUSE they DONT have centrioles!

Direction of signal: dendrites ----> axon

Nissel bodies are the endoplasmic reticulum-----> dark spots inside soma
Synapse is the space between neurons.

Neurotransmitters are the “language” of the nervous system that communicates with other process and
sends messages to the rest of the body. Ex. Ach, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine

The myelin sheath is made up of Schwann cells. Function: excellerates and insulate neurons

Nodes of ranvier-- spaces with axon collaterals (branches); space with no myelin sheath

Two types of synapses: (1) electrical (2) chemical

Types of synapses-- (1) inhibitory (2) excitatory

Dendrites receive the message first.

Actions and functions are initiated by the five senses!

Sense organs are part of the PNS and communicates between CNS and the rest of the body.

Neurolemma = plasma membrane of the neurons