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NeuroQuantology 2003, Vol 3, Suppl 1 Quantum Mind 2003, March 15-19, Tucson, Arizona
Sponsored by
Center for Consciousness Studies, The University of Arizona;
The Fetzer Institute; The YeTaDeL Foundation;
The Samueli Institute for Information Biology
Organizing Committee
Stuart Hameroff, Fred Thaheld, Harald Walach Paavo Pylkkanen,
Jack Tuszynski, Dick Bierman, Nancy Woolf, Scott Hagan, Avner Priel,
Adele Behar, Pierre St. Hilaire, Paola Zizzi, Alexander Wendt,
Andrew Duggins, Jeffrey Satinover
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I do not know. But I think, it could the only escape from our conclusion must
prove useful to consider (define?) deny one’s ability to freely (or randomly)
consciousness as such a partitioning agent choose behavior. Moreover, such denial of
(which would thus have to transcend any “free will” must also involve a strange and
local system including the brain!) rather unexplained connectivity between physical
than as the immediate local companion of phenomena. Therefore the conclusion that
any computing device of high enough consciousness itself, though yet
internal complexity (as some computer unexplained, is physically efficacious is at
specialists would like us believe). This least as modest an hypothesis as any other.
role of consciousness would be much Basically, of course, we are dealing with
broader and more "exquisite" then that of the quantum measurement problem. A
taking care of the notorious "quantum difference is that we treat it directly from
jumps" (believed to define microscopic the experiment without appeal to quantum
"facts" within a given partition). Is there theory. We finally relate our treatment to
any empirical evidence for that assertion? the way the problem is usually treated,
I cannot judge. One might look for i.e., from the point of view of the theory.
induced changes of partitions (as in the
theroretical model above), hopefully not
only in a metaphorical sense. Plenary Session II
Quantum Coherence in Brain
The only objective evidence for
consciousness: The quantum
Function
experiment. Bruce Rosenblum A field theory of consciousness. E. Roy
<brucero@cats.ucsc.edu> (Department of John <roy@brl4.med.nyu.edu> (Brain
Physics University of California at Santa Research Laboratories, New York University
Cruz ), Fred Kuttner. School of Medicine), Leslie S. Prichep.
In the absence of objective, third- Understanding the basis of subjective
person evidence of conscious experience, awareness and consciousness is the most
i.e., qualia, one can logically deny the challenging task facing neuroscience today.
very existence of consciousness beyond Apart from the need to elegantly resolve
the so-called “easy problems” of mind-brain dualism, there are pressing
consciousness. Consciousness has, in fact, practical needs to make progress on this
been claimed to be no more than the problem. Alterations in the quality of
behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells consciousness are fundamental to many
and their associated molecules. However, behavioral disorders. Understanding the
objective evidence for a physically brain processes which generate
efficacious consciousness actually exists, consciousness may lead to better
and the experimental facts are treatments. In spite of voluminous studies
undisputed. We will illustrate a physical by cognitive neuroscientists, a
manifestation of consciousness with a comprehensive theory of consciousness is
theory-neutral description of a quantum still lacking. These studies can be
mechanical thought experiment. It’s a characterized largely as either in the
version of the two-slit experiment, and “particle “ domain (Studies of neuronal
therefore realized in practice. The characteristics) or in the “wave domain”
obvious rebuttal to our argument, that an (Studies of EEG, MEG, EP). In recent years,
unconscious robot could do the imaging studies of processes reflecting
experiment, will be countered by metabolic processes in large cell masses
assuming the predictions of quantum have expanded the wave domain. This
theory (the most battle-tested theory in theory attempts to unify the particle and
science) are all correct and showing that wave domains.
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relevance. It is this view that the present transforming into the spectral domain is
work tends to adopt. This is also that a great variety of transformed patterns
supportive of quantum models of higher can be readily convolved (multiplied) so
level brain functions in general [e.g. that by performing the inverse transform
Hameroff & Penrose, J. Consciousness the patterns have become correlated.
Stud. 3,36, 1996]. Results from this work Image processing as in tomography such as
demonstrate, that the brain spans over PET scans and fMRI are prime examples of
roughly 10to20 magnitudes of action the utility of the transformation.
orders with physiologically significant In quantum physics the Fourier
signal properties. Thus the following transformation is primarily applied in
question is put into the center of relating the position in space of a particle
attenion: how does the brain resolve the to its linear momentum (that is, a constant
problem of correspondence between the velocity). Much has been written regarding
extensive quantum Hilbert space the indeterminacy of this relationship at
governing ion dynamics on one hand and the lower limit of measurement, that is,
stable, einselected pointer states of that at the limit it is impossible to
propagating membrane potentials on the accurately measure both position and
other hand? In this paper some proposals momentum. This is also known as
for this decisive question concerning the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
relation of mentation and brain processes In classical physics the terms
will be discussed within the frame of a momentum and position refer to an
quantum-neurodynamical concept. unchanging status: "momentum" to the
inertia of velocity of a mass and "position"
Brain mathematics. Karl Pribram of its location. By contrast, "energy" in
<pribramk@georgetown.edu> (Cognitive classical physics refers to change, the
Neuroscience Program, Department of change being measured as a quantitative
Psychology, Georgetown University and amount of work necessary to effect the
School of Computational Sciences, George change. In quantum physics change is
Mason University). measured in terms of frequencies, of wave-
The current paper stems from the length (times Planck's constant). The
finding that there is a parallel between Fourier relation envisions the wave form
the formalisms of quantum physics and not as a linear continuum but as a clock-
those that describe certain information face-like circle - thus one can triangulate
processing aspects of brain function. Of and obtain the cosine and sine of the wave
course the brain processes represented form to produce their interference and
are not necessarily of the order of create phase in the spectral domain. This
quantum physics. Essential to the was Fourier's definitive insight (or was it
formalisms is the Fourier relationship that that of the mathematicians in Egypt with
states that any space-time pattern can be whom he discoursed during Napoleon's
transformed into the spectral domain expedition?) that has made his theorem
characterized by a set of waveforms that "probably the most far reaching principle of
encode amplitude, frequency and phase. mathematical physics" as Feynman has
Inverting the transform realizes the declared it. Thus, the Fourier energy-time
original space-time configuration. The relation becomes, in a sense, spatialized.
domain is "spectral" not just "frequency" In quantum physics very little has been
because the Fourier relation encodes made of the uncertainty involved in relating
both the cosine and sine of a waveform energy and time. Dirac called attention to
allowing the interference between the 90 this indeterminacy in discussing the delta
degree phase separation to be encoded as function, but for the most part quantum
coefficients. The advantage gained by physicists (e.g. Bohr) have focused on the
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relationship between energy and mass as theories: First there are no references to
in Einstein's equation: E=mc*. By squaring the momentum and position of a mass.
c, the constant representing the speed of Second, the emphasis is on energy as
light, a linear measure of time becomes measured not as a pseudospatial quantity
"spatialized" into an area-like concept, but as dynamic "free" energy. The utility of
Minkowsky's space-time. We will return to this free energy for structured work (as in a
a discussion of this version of time when steam engine) is of concern; its dissipation
considering brain processes. For quantum in unstructured heat is measured as
physicists interested in the composition entropy. In the diagram of the Fourier
of matter, the Einstein/Minkowsky space- relation, thermodynamics focuses on the
time formulation comes naturally. upper part of the relationship (the
For brain function, Dirac's dynamics of energy and time) just as
indeterminacy in the relation between physics focuses on the lower part (the
energy and time is the more cogent. statics of momentum and location of a mass
During the 1970s and 1980s the maps of or particle).
dendritic receptive fields of neurons in The distinction devolves on the
the primary visual cortex were described conception of time. Time in relativistic and
in such terms. The maps fit a space-time quantum physics has been spatialized as
constrained Fourier relation, the Gabor clock time, the chronos of the ancient
elementary function, essentially a kind of Greeks. Time in thermodynamics is a
wavelet in phase (Hilbert) space. Gabor measure of process, its duration, which
had used the same mathematics that may vary with circumstance. It is the
Heisenberg had used; he therefore called "Duree" of Bergson, the Kairos of ancient
his unit a "quantum of information" Greece.
warning that by this he meant only to Brain processes partake of both aspects
indicate the formal identity of the of time as developed in the space-time
formulation, not a substantive one. constrained Fourier measure utilizing the
Gabor had undertaken his phase between cosine and sine aspects of a
mathematical enterprise to determine wave form. In vision, for example, a two-
the minimum uncertainty, the maximum dimensional spatial frequency relation
compressibility, with which a telephone represents the momentum of a movement
message could be transmitted across the (velocity) and location of a point in visual
Atlantic cable without any loss in space. In audition, a time-frequency
intelligibility. He later related this process allows a distinction to be made
minimum uncertainty to Shannon's BIT, between the duration of a tone and its
the measure of a reduction of pitch. What is important is that in both
uncertainty. In turn, Shannon had related cases the results of the process are
his measure of uncertainty to Gibbs' and projected into the environment of the
Boltzman's measure of entropy. The stage organism. Bekesy demonstrated this by
was set for the issues that currently arranging the phase relations among
concern us: a set of identical formalisms vibrators placed on the skin; stereophonic
that refer to widely different substantive systems demonstrate the projection in the
and theoretical bodies of knowledge. arrangement of speakers in an engineering
What is needed is something like the artifact; and in vision it is an ordinary
discovery of atomic number in chemistry observation that we see things "out there"
that related the periodic table to its not on our retinas or in our brain cortex.
physics underpinnings. The projective nature of the brain process
To begin, contrast the referents of is what distinguishes it from both the
the formulations in classical and quatum quantum physical and thermodynamic
physics to those in thermodynamic processes.
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The brain organizations that make means to study society "scientifically." This
projection possible describe an internal, has led many interpretivists implicitly to
semi-closed, self-organizing set of accept a problematic Cartesian dualism,
processes. However, that is not the whole and even to reject the idea of social
story. The formal, mathematical science altogether. If consciousness is a
descriptions of our subjective quantum rather than classical mechanical
experiences (our theories) of observations phenomenon, then these basic parameters
in the quantum, thermodynamic and of contemporary social scientific discourse
communications domains are non-trivially and debate will be called into question, and
coordinate with each other. They are also radically new models of human agency,
coordinate with brain processes that, by social structure, and the epistemology of
way of projection, unify the experiential social inquiry will need to be developed.
with the physical. By this I mean that the Some ideas about what these might look
experiences of observations in quantum like are proposed.
physics, in thermodynamics and in
communication appear to us to be "real", Generalized entanglement - Possible
that is, extra-personal. Adaptation to examples, empirical evidence,
living in the world makes it likely that experimental tests. Harald Walach
this coordination of the mathematical <walach@ukl.uni-freiburg.de> (University
formulations in physics, thermodynamics, Hospital Freiburg, Institute of
and brain processes thus represents the Environmental Medicine and Hospital
useful reality within which we exist. Epidemiology, Germany).
Weak Quantum Theory (WQT) uses the
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provide accountability and rigor for the be shown. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
more speculative ideas that are a large laser optical techniques for determining the
part of, for example, this conference. To polarizability and consequently dipole
crib from Richard Feynman: moment of tubulin and MTs will be
“Imagination, but imagination in a strait- presented. The applicability of SPR and
jacket.” femtosecond laser pulses to detection of
long-lived, room-temperature quantum
Experimental "quantum brain"? Andreas superposition and entanglement among
Mershin <mershin@physics.tamu.edu> tubulin dipole states will be discussed.
(Texas A&M University) A.A. Kolomenski; Evidence in support of crucial involvement
H.A. Schuessler. of neuronal MTs in Drosophila fruit-fly
It has been suggested that tubulin has associative olfactory memory formation will
a permanent electric dipole moment be shown.
which changes direction as the protein
undergoes a conformational change. It Quantum models of consciousness in brain
has been argued that this property can be microtubules: Decoherence and the issue
used as the basis for an electronic binary of biological feasibility. Scott Hagan
switch. Biophysical analysis has yielded <Scott_Hagan@bcit.ca> (Department of
predictions that under certain Mathematics, British Columbia Institute of
circumstances, dipole-moment “flip- Technology Burnaby, British Columbia, V5G
waves” can propagate along microtubules 3H2, Canada).
(MTs) and that MTs are ferroelectric. Enigmatic features of subjectivity and
There have also been indirect indications consciousness have motivated several
that optical and quantum effects play a approaches that postulate an ultim ately
significant role in the function of these quantum basis for these phenomena. In the
intracellular cytoskeletal structures. most prominent model - the orchestrated
Although crucial to these hypotheses and objective reduction t heory of Penrose and
to a better understanding of MT Hameroff - the neuronal cytoskeleton is the
structure, function, polymerization, site of quantum level superpositions that
energy transduction and anesthetic and avo id environmental decoherence long
other drug binding, so far, the electric enough to interact with classical
dipole moment of tubulin has never been neurophysiology. Such models have been cr
experimentally determined and flip iticized, both as regards their motivation
waves or quantum behavior have not and their biological feasibility, in a report
been observed. by Tegmark. The repo rt suggests that
This talk concentrates on avenues of quantum coherence could be maintained in
experimental investigation of the microtubules for only about 10-13 seconds,
dielectric and possibly quantum far too s hort to be neurophysiologically
properties of tubulin, microtubules and relevant.
associated proteins, as these pertain to On critical examination, however, the
their possible role in storing and calculations do not appear to justify the
processing information in biomolecular claim. Tegmark's formulation of the
circuits. Our theoretical as well as decoherence time, for instance, predicts
experimental in vitro and in vivo methods exactly the opposite temperature
used to try to answer these questions will dependence to that which is observed in
be described. practice. The derivation, once corrected
A QED-cavity, quantum optics derived for several discrepancies between
model of MTs implying dissipationless Tegmark's account of the model and the
energy transfer along MTs and quantum actual hypothesis, also appears to
teleportation of biomolecular states will determine a result that invalidates the
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brain. Quantum field theory is important, death consciousness can continue to exist in
because of the similarities found in NDE another dimension in which all past,
and in the concepts of non-locality, present and future is enclosed. Could
universal interconnectedness, a non- death, like birth, then be a mere passing
material dimension without our time- from one state of consciousness to another?
space relationship, and in the concept of
subjectivity. All events are related and Reference:
influence each other instantaneously and Van Lommel, P., van Wees, R., Meyers, V.,
in reciprocity, and only subjectivity Elfferich, I. “Near-death experience in
remains. The fleeting, highly ordered 4- survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective
dimensional patterns of germs of study in the Netherlands”. Lancet 2001;
subjectivity (virtual photons), generated 358: 2039-2045.
by assemblies of dendritic trees of a
specialized neuronal network, should be Near-death experiences and the temporal
thought as the final product of chaotic, lobe. Willoughby Britton
dynamically governed self-organization. <wbritton@email.arizona.edu> (Sleep
Such patterns encode for subjective Research Laboratory Department of
(conscious) experience (Romijn). Psychology University of Arizona), Richard
The role of DNA is essential in R. Bootzin.
explaining the continuity of consciousness Introduction: A small number of
in a permanent changing body with 50 individuals react to life threatening trauma
billion cells dying and being renewed with an atypical response called a near-
each day. DNA must be the place of death experience (NDE). The NDE is
resonance, and the function of DNA in typically characterized by dissociation from
receiving, “translating” and transmitting the physical body, entering an unearthly
information from (virtual) photons must realm, euphoria and the transcendence of
have been permanently changed after an space time and self. The reason why some
NDE because of the possibility of individuals report NDEs while others do not
receiving not only your personal remains unknown. In addition to quantum
(evolving) consciousness, but also the models, the most common theories about
consciousness and emotions of others and NDEs propose psychological defense
sometimes even receiving future events mechanisms or stress/hypoxia induced
into your day-consciousness. neurophysiological alterations as
The current concept in medical explanations. The temporal lobe has been
science, however, states that implicated in NDEs because direct
consciousness is the product of the brain. stimulation the temporal lobe and TL
According to this concept all aspects of epileptic seizures produce similar
NDE and its transformation should not be subjective experiences. NDErs and TL
possible. Could then the brain be a kind epileptics also tend to undergo similar
of receiver (interface) for consciousness personality changes in which they become
and memories, like TV, radio, mobile more spiritually oriented and less
telephone or laptop? What you receive is materialistic.
not in the receiver (music, voice, Methods: In order to determine if NDErs
internet), but electromagnetic show more signs of temporal lobe epilepsy,
informational waves (photons) 23 near-death experiencers and non-
transmitted from elsewhere are made traumatized age and gender-matched
visible or audible for your sense organs. controls were screened for paroxysmal EEG
Our opinion on death changes discharges during an overnight EEG sleep
fundamentally because of the almost study. Twenty-seven channels of digitized
unavoidable conclusion that on physical polysomnographic EEG were sleep stage
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scored and screened for epileptiform Does consciousness collapse the wave
activity that was independently rated by function? Dick Bierman <> (Dept. of
a registered EEG technician at the UMC Psychology, University of Amsterdam).
Epilepsy Unit. Subjects also completed In 1977 Hall et al reported an
the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the experiment that, according to their
Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD, a description, tested the most radical
temporal lobe symptom questionnaire, solution to the ‘measurement problem’,
the COPE, the Anomalous Experiences namely the proposition that: …. The
Inventory, and a dream questionnaire. reduction of the wave packet is a physical
Results: Near-death trauma survivors event which occurs only when there is an
were found to have more temporal lobe interaction between the physical measuring
paroxysmal activity and reported apparatus and the psyche of some
significantly more temporal lobe (p<.005) observer….
and partial complex epileptic symptoms They defended their experiment
(p<.001) than controls. All of the writing: … although we concur that there is
epileptiform activity in NDErs was a genuine problem of the reduction of the
lateralized to the left side (T3-T5) with wave packet, we do not intend in our paper
one bilateral case. Paroxysmal activity in to defend this opinion against those who
the left temporal lobe was associated maintain that it is a pseudo problem….
with the near-death experience (p<.05), The measurement problem is still not
but not PTSD or history of head trauma. solved although there seems to be growing
Near-death experiencers also showed consensus that maybe there is no reduction
differences in sleep patterns: they slept of the wave packet at all. We too, do not
significantly less than controls (p<.05) wish to fight this or any other position with
and had longer REM latency (p<.05). REM regard to the proper interpretation of the
latency was significantly associated with quantum formalism and the role of the
the near death experience (p<.05), even measurement therein, but like Hall and his
after sleep reduction was accounted for. collaborators, we investigate the issue
The near-death group were marginally experimentally.
more dissociative (p<.1) but were no The Hall experiment is conceptually
different than controls on measures of easy to understand. A quantum event, in
PTSD. Conclusion: Individuals who have this case a radioactive decay, is measured
had NDEs were found to be distinct from in a counter and the signal is displayed on a
the general population on three scaler. An observer A is observing the
physiological measures: left temporal scaler. The scaler signal is transmitted
lobe epileptiform activity, reduced sleep through a delay unit and displayed again.
time and increased REM latency. These This time it is observed by observer B.
physiological differences were not Observer A will sometimes observe but
associated with maladaptive trauma sometimes not observe the scaler. Observer
responses, but rather positive coping B has to ‘guess’ if a quantum event
styles. observed by him or her has already been
observed by observer A.
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interaction with consciousness which few facts, some ideas, and lots of doubts.
causes the wave packet to collapse. Jiri Wackermann <jw@igpp.de> (Institute
It should be made explicit that there
for Frontier Areas of Psychology Dept.
is an implicit assumption here that ourEmpirical and Analytical Psychophysics).
brains in some way are able to detect the In a recent study [1], correlations
difference between a superposition state
between brain electrical activities (EEG)
and a singular state. And secondly thatrecorded from pairs of spatially and
this difference can be communicated sensorily separated human subjects were
consciously. explored. One member of the pair was
In a comment later added to the visually stimulated while the other, non-
article the authors note that the used stimulated member relaxed. EEGs recorded
delay was extremely short and that …. from non-stimulated subjects at stimulation
The delay time should be in the order of
times showed significant deviations of mean
psychologically discriminable intervals…
effective voltages from their distributions
In the present conceptual replication
during the inter-stimulus periods. The
the time between the first observation results indicated a kind of correlation
and the second one can be adjusted. between two brains, for which no
Indeed Libet’s seminal work on the neurobiological basis is known. However, no
processing time needed for conscious responses similar to visual evoked
experience sets a lower interval of about
potentials (so-called 'transferred potential',
300-400 msecs because one should [2]) were found in the EEGs of non-
require the first observation to be a stimulated subjects. The results did not
conscious one before the second support the assumption [2,3] of an
observation starts. 'empathic bond' established by pairwise
The difference with the original meditation playing a crucial role in such
experiment goes a bit further than justcorrelations.
adjusting the interval. Rather than asking This and earlier studies [2,3] were
the second observer for a conscious guess
implicitly based on an asymmetrical, 'signal
we measure the brain responses to the propagation' model. Adopting tentatively
stimulus (Evoked Potential). If
the 'entanglement' paradigm, symmetrical
consciousness is the crucial element for
experimental arrangements and/or
wave packet reduction the conscious symmetrical analysis strategies may be
decision will be based on the physical more appropriate. For example,
state of the wave packet which is singular
experimental designs may involve elements
at the moment of conscious guess even if
of shared, goal-oriented intention, e.g. co-
no pre-observation has taken place. operative games, in which correlated
By measuring brain potentials of the
actions are positively rewarded. Data-
second observer before consciousness can
analytic strategies may benefit from global
arise one taps into the non conscious approach to analysis of brain electrical
interaction of the brain with the wave activity [4], embedding parallel streams of
packet which supposedly is still in EEG data into a common state space and
superposition during the first 300-400 identifying periods of high synchronisation
msecs of brain processing by the secondin the activity of such a 'super-brain'.
observer (in case the first observer was It is still questionable whether the
not observing).
results of [1], or any follow-up studies
Results of this experiment will be based on symmetrised experimental
presented at the conference. designs, have any bearing on the notion of
quantum entanglement in macroscopic,
Correlations between electrical e.g. biological systems, or on the `physics
signatures of separated brain states: of consciousness' at all. Even if correlations
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between brain states not mediated by Leila Kozak, (Bastyr University Research
direct physical communication were an Institute).
established experimental fact (which is Purpose: Since 1965 there have been
not the case yet), the consequences for scattered and controversial reports of
our understanding of consciousness would correlated event-related brain potentials
be unclear (if any). Also, there is no a detected in humans who are separated and
priori argument that understanding of isolated from one another by distances of
such `non-local' inter-organismic up to 14 meters. In order to replicate and
interactions would require quantum 'non- further investigate these findings
locality' as the explanatory basis. sophisticated EEG software and statistical
The epistemological situation of this signal detection methods were developed.
type of research is entirely different from Methods: Simultaneous digitized EEG
usual experimentation or observation: was recorded from the occiput of pairs of
neither well-proven theorical basis nor healthy human adult subjects (n =60; 30
self-evident phenomenal experience are pairs) who knew each other well and
available. It is thus incorrect to speak of claimed to have a sense of emotional and
'experimental evidence'; a more psychological connection with their
appropriate expression would be partner. Subjects were separated from
'experimental coercion' of phenomena each other by 10 meters in sound
intended to feed theorical speculation. attenuated rooms. Prior to each
Such epistemological traps are well- experiment, one member of the pair was
known in certain areas of science, e.g. randomly designated as the “sender” and
parapsychology. To escape the trap, we the other as the “receiver”. Pattern
should not ask 'what can laboratory reversal visual evoked potentials were
research do to substantiate the new triggered in the “sender’s” brain by
paradigm?' but, rather, 'is there any flickering black and white checkerboard
reliably observable phenomenon requiring stimuli. Senders were presented with an
necessarily a new paradigm?' alternating schedule of stimulus on
(flickering pattern)/stimulus off (static
References pattern) conditions. Receivers were
[1] J. Wackermann, C. Seiter, H. Keibel, presented with a static pattern (stimulus
H. Walach, Neurosci. Lett. 336 (2003): off) throughout the whole session A
60--64. statistical signal detection algorithm was
[2] J. Grinberg-Zylberbaum, M. Delaflor, developed to determine whether brain
L. Attie, A. Goswami, Physics Essays 7 activation during the 80-180 msec interval
(1994): 422--427. in the “receiver” was higher when the
[3] A. Sabel, C. Clarke, P. Fenwick, Proc. “sender “was visually stimulated compared
44th Ann. Conv. Parapsychol. Assoc. to when the sender’s monitor showed a
(2001): 419--422. static image of the same checkerboard
[4] J. Wackermann, Int. J. Psychophysiol. stimulus. “Receiver” subject EEG data
34 (1999): 65--80. collected during the Static condition was
used to construct a within-subject control
EEG evidence of correlated event statistic by which to compare EEG data
related signals between distant human collected from the “Receiver” during the
brains. Leanna J. Standish Sender’s flicker condition. A Runs test was
<ljs@bastyr.edu> (Bastyr University applied to compare EEG “hits” in the
Research Institute), L. Clark Johnson, “Receiver’s” EEG during the ‘Sender’s’
(University of Washington), Todd Flicker condition than during the
Richards, (University of Washington), “Sender’s” Static condition. Those subjects
with Runs Test results with p values < 0.01
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superconductivity as has been five years. In this talk, I will review our
suggested for DNA. knowledge about the physical properties of
6) Optical transmission studies can tubulin including such properties as the net
determine if NCC brain regions charge, the charge distribution, the dipole
exhibit super-radiance (lossless moment, the electrostatic potential and
optical transmission, as proposed the conformational states. I will also
by Jibu and Yasue). In awake present some recent result regarding the
monkeys Macknik and Haglund behavior of the tubulin's C-termini which,
have shown that NCC brain tissue we believe, play a crucial role in the
is more transparent to near infra- interactions of tubulin with its
red photons than is non NCC brain environment. There is a quantifiable effect
tissue (irrespective of blood of the states of the C- termini on the ionic
absorption). environment as well as on nearby proteins
7) Nanoprobes able to detect such as kinesin and MAPs. I will present a
conformational, electronic, spin, physical model based on the hypothesis
dipole, ionic or other states of that the state of microtubules may affect
individual tubulins in MTs can test the functioning of the neurons via
for EPR entanglement among electrostatic forces that may extend to the
tubulins in the same MT, different ion channels via ion gradient propagation
MTs in the same cell or prep, and along MAP's and possibly actin. This
different MTs in different gap molecular model may have far-reaching
junction-connected neurons. repercussions for the biophysics of the
8) Drugs which bind to MTs (e.g. brain.
general anesthetic gases.
psychoactives) without affecting Acknowledgements: This work has been
MT assembly and/or supported by MITACS, NSERC (Canada) and
membrane/synaptic function will the YeTaDel Foundation.
be shown to affect conscious
processes. Fluorescent labeling of cytoskeletal
Orch OR may be falsified by proteins in PC12 cells grown in culture.
demonstration of consciousness Nancy Woolf <nwoolf@ucla.edu>
(admittedly a difficult problem in itself) (Department of Psychology UCLA).
in the absence of functional MTs. Psychologists have pondered the
material basis of mind since the inception
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analysing photon count data. The most Max Planck as a nonlocal physical unit of
important conclusion for mammalian space-time configurations.
fibroblastic cells was that they have no A thread connecting Planck•fs energy
detectable photon emission above the quanta to the biological language processor
photon emission of culture medium. effecting a form of nonlocal simultaneity
However, they are able to modulate the can be accessed in first and second person
frequency spectra of photon emission of descriptions in the progressive tense,
culture medium. The use of specific whereas in third person descriptions in the
cytoskeletal inhibitors shows that present tense the thread would inevitably
modulation is dependent on the end up with thermal decoherence resulting
intactness of the cytoskeleton. Fourier in failures in establishing the intended
spectrum analysis of spontaneous photon nonlocal coherence due to its queer
emission of A. acetabulum cells has descriptive stipulation. Nonetheless, the
presented evidence for cell-specific high linguistic access to nonlocal simultaneity in
frequency oscillations (with periods in the first and second person descriptions is
second and minute range). The main clumsy because of its internalist stipulation
oscillations are related to the endogenous conditioned on the finiteness of descriptive
activity of the cytoskeleton. The latter horizon within which only those objects
characteristics were studied for their assuming the first and second person status
response upon, weak magnetic fields and can directly be focused, with no prior
healing intention. coordination with the outside of the current
It is concluded that the technique of horizon. First and second person
photon counting, when highly sensitive, is descriptions are constantly tolerating those
appropriate for dealing with the dynamics inconveniences originating in and coming
of internal organization, in particular from over the current horizon of
with the functioning of processes description.
regulated by the cytoskeleton. An empirical short-circuiting of the
linguistic clumsiness associated with first
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the biofield as well as its holistic brain), are processes of catalysis. Biological
properties may account for the rapid, processes persist, be they chemical, neural,
holistic effects of certain alternative and perceptual or behavioral, as a direct
complementary medical interventions. consequence of the way that they mediate
transitions in their local environments. I
Supported in part by NIH P20 AT00774-01 suggest that the process of catalysis
provides energy at points or regions of
Penrose-Hameroff quantum tubulin symmetry or invariance. A consequence of
electrons, Chiao gravity antennas, and the process of catalysis then, is to bridge
Mead resonance. Frank Smith the discontinuity between energy and
<tsmith@innerx.net> (Cartersville). structure by utilizing the ‘order’ in the
Penrose and Hameroff have proposed relationship between the reagent(s) and
that consciousness in the human brain products(s) such that energy and structure
may be based on gravitational work together.
interactions and quantum superposition Catalysts are generally understood to
states of electrons in tubulin cages in accelerate rates of reactions by providing
microtubules. Chiao has proposed ‘paths’ to the transition state. The
experimental construction of a gravity transition state can be thought of as state
antenna that might be analogous to that is half way between the reagents and
tubulin caged electrons. Tegmark has the products of a reaction. Recently it has
criticized Penrose-Hameroff quantum been proposed that energy in the form of a
consciousness, based on thermal vibrational mode of the enzyme, called a
decoherence of any such quantum soliton wave, may be the principle agent of
superposition states. This paper briefly enzyme catalysis. The action of the soliton
describes some experimental results and may be to provide sufficient energy via
theoretical ideas that indicate to me that conformation changes in the
Tegmark's criticism may be invalid. Such enzyme/substrate complex to cause the
theoretical ideas include Mead's quantum wave functions of the substrate and
physics of resonance. This paper closes products to overlap and thereby increase
with brief summaries of relevant the likelihood of quantum tunneling at the
experiments of Grinberg-Zylberbaum, the ‘transition state’. The important point is
quantum cosmology of Paula Zizzi, and that the transition state occurs at the
26-dimensional closed unoriented bosonic intersection between potential energy/
string theory interpreted as a many- nuclear configuration surfaces of the
worlds quantum theory in which strings substrate and product(s). Catalysis
correspond to world lines, with massless establishes transitions by providing a path
spin-2 gravitons in 26-dimensions through this point of symmetry or
corresponding to gravitational interaction invariance. Furthermore, I suggest that this
among tubulin electrons in states with analysis of the critical features of catalysis
Penrose-Hameroff superposition applies to biological processes at higher
separation. levels or scale; the hypothesis is that life is
'scale invariant' process of catalysis.
Simplicity theory: Is the brain a catalyst Supporting evidence for this hypothesis
and can enzyme catalysis shed light on can be found in many areas of research that
consciousness? Christopher Davia implicate solitons in biological processes at
<davia@andrew.cmu.edu> (Carnegie multiple levels of scale. From protein
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, folding (Ben-Jacob, E., Caspi, S., 2002),
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213). enzyme function (Satarik, M.V., Ivic, Z.,
I propose that living processes, from Tuszynski, J. A., & Zakula, R., 1991) and
the smallest to the largest (including the muscle function (Davydov, 1980), to
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to violate classical physics: (a) superfast referral. However, the need for quantum
reaction times. (b) Libet's finding of mechanics in backward referral is still
backward referral, (c) Libet's findings questionable.
regarding free will and brain waves. Many articles in C&C (2002) discussed
The first category involves an analysis Libet's experiments that measured the
of the timing requirements for hitting a physiological precursors of volition. Except
fast ball in cricket or baseball. I will for commentaries by Libet and me, all
present previously unpublished data on these articles accepted the position that
the reaction time for tracking a randomly free will is compatible with classical,
moving dot. We found the relevant deterministic physics. In my talk I will
reaction time to be about 80 msec, discuss this compatibilist position,
rather than the commonly believed value defending its strengths but pointing out its
of 200 msec. I will ask whether the sped weakness. I will argue that a quantum
up reaction time is compatible with what metaphysics similar to that of Stapp is
is known about human physiology based needed to provide the underpinnings for a
on classical physics. The consequences dualistic type of consciousness that gives us
for classical vs. quantum explanations of a special, responsible role in the universe,
hitting balls will be discussed. not possible under a classical metaphysics.
My discussion of the second and third
categories centers around new insights Dynamic spatial information and the
into Benjamin Libet's experiments. At the subjective relativity of time perception.
1999 Flagstaff Quantum-Mind meeting John Leach <leach@findlay.edu> (The
Libet presented his data on backward University of Findlay).
referral and on volition. These data have It is well established that the subjective
been widely discussed in a number of perception of time is relative. Anyone who
books and meetings. Several new and has sat through a long boring lecture is
surprising insights into this topic were keenly aware of the subjective feeling of
recently presented in a special issue of time moving slowly. Theories of time
Consciousness and Cognition (C&C, June perception that rely on the "clock in the
2002), head" metaphor fail to explain how a
(http://www.idealibrary.com/servlet/toc hypothetical neural meter can subjectively
/ccog/latest) devoted to Libet's data and speed up and slow down. Variations of the
conclusions. That special issue contained metaphor based on probabilistic random
six target articles, twelve commentaries neural firings also fail to deal with the
on the target articles and six responses to subjective relativity of the perception time
the commentaries, several of which are passage. An alternative theory of time
worth reviewing for the Quantum-Mind perception is proposed. It is hypothesized
2003 conference. that time perception is based on cognitive
An example of a fresh insight into representations of dynamic spatial
Libet's backward referral experiment relationships. It is further hypothesized that
came from Gilberto Gomes who pointed in the absence of dynamic spatial
out (C&C, 2002) a difference in stimulus information an organism will experience
duration between Libet's thalamic vs. his distortions in time perception. Dynamic
cortical brain stimulation experiments spatial information can be perceived in
(the experiments that Penrose felt auditory, visual, or tactile forms as well as
needed a quantum explanation). Gomes mentally generated images. The theory
argued this difference eliminated the predicts that subjects exposed to dynamic
need for backward referral. I disagreed spatial information will estimate "objective"
(C&C, 2002) and joined Penrose in clock time better than subjects who are
defending Libet's concept of backward prevented from perceiving such
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Humean induction and tensed-time cognizance: But why this experience should
futurity. Ralph Hunt <hunt.6@osu.edu> be extended to future times and to other
(Ohio State Univ., Mansfield Campus). objects which, for ought we know, may be
Tenseless-time arguments against the only in appearance similar, this is the main
reality of futurity and tensed time in question on which I would insist.
general can be countered by a tensed- Whether induction actually fails is not
time appeal to Hume’s Problem of at issue. The relevant core of Hume’s logic
Induction: future differs from past and is that future change is invulnerable to the
present in the problem futurity raises for "it’s never happened before" attack:
inductive processes. induction can’t provide inductive support.
Tenseless-time theorists take So where induction gets into (possible)
McTaggert’s B-series as all of what time trouble is where safe past generalizations
is: past, present and future are human- become riskier assessments of futurity.
only perceptions, unreflective of All this runs counter to B-series claims
scientific temporality that recognizes just that science is unconcerned with A-time.
earlier-than and later-than, past, present That scientific laws as such ignore time’s
and future being ontologically identical. passage has been shown false in some
A-series advocates, construing the instances, but is no doubt largely true;
present as not only real but central to all physical laws are usually expressed
change, counter with ways future events mathematically in the timeless "is" copula.
differ from past/present, to substantiate When we separate laws themselves from
time’s passing. Familiar arguments for a processes of science, however, we get a
substantival futurity, supporting tensed different picture: science utilizes
A-time, are that (1) future events can induction, which utilizes prediction and
(unlike most past or present events) lack prediction largely relies on futurity.
truth or falsity conditions, and that (2) Predicting the moment a Galilean moon will
future events lack specificity. The eclipse another means more than just that
suggestion I develop is that (3) future the eclipse event is timelessly subsequent
events exemplify Hume’s Problem of to the prediction (in the sense that the
Induction in a way most past/present Declaration of Independence is later than
events don’t. Hume is further seen as the Magna Carta): the eclipse hasn’t
countering the B-thesis because induction happened yet.
difficulty has continuously concerned My account includes postdiction—
scientists and philosophers of science. predicting what will be found to have
The puzzle Hume raises for induction already happened—as likewise requiring
is the difficulty of projecting to future futurity: confirmation usually has to have
conclusions from present or past been epistemically inaccessible at the time
premises: supporting future induction by of the prediction. Ultimately, science does
the success of past inductions is circular, not speak in one voice for B-series time.
verifying induction by induction. The
future could still suddenly change, and Concurrent Session III
this separates future events from past Experimental approaches to nonlocality
and present: future events are subject to Biological nonlocality: Problems and
Hume’s Problem. potential. Fred Thaheld
<fthaheld@directcon.net>.
Hume notes: Several years ago I advanced the
As to past experience, it can be allowed proposal that in the near future it would be
to give direct and certain information of possible to conduct experiments to
those precise objects only, and that simultaneously deal with several of the
precise period of time which fell under its major problems in the field of
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processes) has demonstrated only sound could affect seed germination. For
retarded correlations. ten of the fourteen runs, a condition was
added where an experimenter treated
Effects of intention, musical sound and seeds for 15-20 minutes twice a day with a
noise on the germination of seeds: consciously focused intention that the
Evidence of entanglement between treated seeds germinate faster. During a
human and plant systems. Katherine series of 6 runs utilizing similar treatment
Creath <kcreath@ieee.org> (Center for protocols, a greater number seeds exposed
Frontier Medicine in Biofield Science, to human intention sprouted when
University of Arizona), Gary E. Schwartz. compared to the control (p<0.0006) and
As a rule, scientists try not to affect they sprouted significantly faster than the
the outcome of their experiments, controls (p<0.0001) with an effect size
whereas musicians with every comparable to those exposed to musical
performance have the intention of sound. These results indicate that human
affecting the audience. Human conscious intention can have a replicable
consciousness and intention interacts effect on the germination of seeds. This
with other living systems in ways that can experimental evidence illuminates
sometimes be sensed but are not always entanglement between macro systems
tangible. A series of experiments was where human intention can effect the
initiated to study the effects of music on growth of another biological system.
a biological system. Seed germination Supported in part by the SBS Research
was used as a model system to avoid Institute, University of Arizona and by NIH
human preferences for music and to P20 AT00774-01.
create a replicable, easily quantifiable
measure of the effects of musical sound. Further validation of the “one mind
We found that a larger number of okra model” of quantum reality. Mark Germine
and zucchini seeds exposed to musical <mgermine@hotmail.com> (Psychoscience).
sound germinated than those exposed to According to the One Mind Model of
no sound (p<0.002). When this same quantum reality, Universal Mind is viewed
interaction was studied as a function of as a single wave function that gives rise to
time the seeds exposed to musical sound individual branches or minds that remain
germinated faster than those with no entangled with Universal Mind and all other
sound with highly statistically significant individual minds. We have previously
results (p<0.000001). These results were reported experimental validation of a
replicable across seed type, petri dish, prediction of the One Mind Model using an
temperature and assignment of condition EPR-type paradigm involving individual
to a particular growth chamber. A total event-related potentials (ERPs) in the
of 4,600 seeds were studied over 14 runs human brain (Quantum Mind Archives,
encompassing five experiments. When 11/7/00).
musical sound was compared to “pink” In the experimental paradigm employed
noise to a control with no sound as a here, ERPs are generated using the
function of time, this interaction was also standard “oddball” paradigm. The ERP is
significant (p<0.034). Seeds exposed to elicited in the brain of the observer when a
musical sound sprouted faster than seeds random “rare” or less-common stimulus is
exposed to noise and both sprouted faster substituted for a common stimulus. The
than the control. The interaction common stimulus is delivered as a tone
between noise and control was not through headphones to the observer, who is
significant. As the experiments in a separate room from the computer
progressed, we wanted to see if human module that generates the tone and records
intention alone independent of musical the brain response for 750 msec. Stimuli
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are delivered every 1.5 seconds, with asymmetry in the brain’s response in the
rare tones being randomly substituted for observed and unobserved conditions of the
of an average of one in four stimuli based rare tone. This asymmetry was predicted to
on a random number generator in the result in a difference in the ERP wave forms
computer. The brain response of the generated under the two conditions. It was
observer is measured by EEG and predicted that this difference, derived by
averaged over numerous trials to yield a subtracting wave forms generated under
pattern of electrical potentials reflecting the two conditions, would be statistically
the brain response of the individual reproducible.
observer to the rare tone. The rare tone Using the standard oddball paradigm,
is selectively attended to by the two sets of ERPs were generated in each of
individual observer, and the number of the two conditions in two separate series
rare tones is counted silently in trials averaging four trials each. Electrical
averaging 24 rare tones each. ). Although potential was measured and averaged for
we would have preferred to use a each set of trials in each of the two
radioactive decay or similar conditions, and the unobserved profiles
microquantum event to generate the were subtracted form the observed profiles
stimulus in our paradigm, as per our to produce a difference potential profile.
original design (see Dyamical Psychoogy, The difference potential profiles were then
1998), only electronically generated measured at intervals of ten msec. from
stimuli were available to us, and these zero to 750 msec.
are assumed to have some Heisenberg Data for the standard oddball paradigm
uncertainty in the Model itself. yielded difference potentials that were
Each wave form in the ERP reflects a highly significantly correlated in the
cycle of electrical potential activity positive direction on single factor ANOVA,
around the whole brain. Positive (P) based on the correlation of amplitude of
potentials are traveling away from the wave forms at ten msec. intervals. The
vertex electrode. Negative (N) potentials wave forms of these difference potentials
are traveling towards the vertex had a strong periodicity of about 90 msec.
electrode. All potentials were recorded or 11 Htz.
at the vertex (Cz – A1). The oddball Another set of difference potentials was
paradigm is designed to elicit the P300, generated in which the decibel level of the
or P3 wave form. rare tone was set at zero, yielding a
In our paradigm, an observer in random absent tone. These potentials were
another room randomly observes the generated and analyzed in the same
condition of each stimulus on the manner as the standard oddball potentials.
computer module one second before the Two sets of ERPs were generated in each of
tones are generated in the headphones of the two conditions in two separate trials
the observer who’s brain waves are being averaging four trials each. The difference
recorded. Approximately one half of the potentials of the two sets were highly
trials are observed based on the significantly correlated in the positive
generation of odd or even random direction on single factor ANOVA.. The
numbers, without the knowledge of the waveforms of the difference potentials had
observer being recorded. a strong periodicity of about 90 msec or 11
On the basis of the One Mind Model, Htz.
the two observers are entangled in the The data from the absence and rare
event of generation of the random tone. tone and absence conditions were
Since the first observer or brain compared using single factor ANOVA. This
determines the status of this event, it was the most powerful statistic generated
was predicted that there would be in the trials, and also minimized the
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autocorrelation factor between similar What these studies share are brain
wave forms. Difference potentials under mechanisms involving theta rhythm,
the absence and rare tone conditions particularly in the frontal cortex, along
were very highly correlated in the with alpha rhythm in the occipital cortex. A
positive direction on single factor ANOVA QEEG measure that integrates relative and
(F = 15.2; p = 0.00015). absolute power, called cordance, is also
Examination of the data indicates involved, especially with frontal theta.
that the difference potentials are Cordance is the best EEG predictor of
interference patterns with a periodicity cerebral blood flow. Concordance refers to
that is emergent form the individual a state of brain characterized by cordance
profiles in the observed and unobserved symmetry. We present pilot data showing
conditions, probably due to alpha that participation in prayer ceremonies has
desynchronization in the unobserved similar effects as the successful treatment
condition. It is proposed that correlation of depression, with changes in relative
of the difference potentials reflects EPR power in frontal theta, theta cordance in
correlation of the brain electrical frontal lobes, increase in relative power in
potentials in the observed and occipital alpha, and overall dampening of
unobserved conditions. Further work is absolute brain wave power during the
needed using ERPs in both EEG and fMRI heighth of the ceremony. We suggest that
paradigms. depression and spiritual transformation
exist on a continuum in the brain. We
Effects of participation in a prayer discuss changes in QEEG during different
ceremony upon QEEG. Lewis Mehl- phases of the prayer ceremony, and wonder
Madrona <mehlmadrona@aol.com> if QEEG may be a biofield marker to
(University of Arizona Department of document the interaction of non-local
Psychology Center for Frontier Medicine quantum-level processes with the physical
in Biofield Science and Program in biological realm. We will discuss the
Integrative Medicine (Department of evolution of control strategies for
Medicine)), Daniel Lewis, Sabrina Lewis, experiments such as these, and results
Iris Bell, Gary Schwartz, Scott Ferrell. accruing from different control strategies
Studies exist to document the effects that also imply non-local effects.
of prayer upon the treatment of
infertility, recovery from myocardial Information transmission between killed
infarction, seed germination under and survivor individuals of the same
adverse conditions, length of life among population on several species. Aroutioun
mice bred to develop cancer, and other Agadjanian <arut@canada.com> (21st
conditions. A Quantitative Century Information).
Electroencephalographic (QEEG) In order to establish experimentally the
literature also exists upon the QEEG role of consciousness of single biological
characteristics of depression, and how species during the evolution, it is necessary
depressed people respond to placebo to understand first that the most important
treatment and medication treatment -- function of consciousness of the single
similar but different response sets. living species by analogy with human
Psychological therapies have been shown consciousness is to provide conditions for
via PET (positron emission tomography) the successful surviving of the species
scans to have consistent effects upon against new deadly killing factors by
depressed patients. QEEG studies also nonspecific and specific defense
exist to document reliable changes when mechanisms.
shamans enter a state of possession in the Experimental project “Feedback” was
Balinese trance possession ceremony. accomplished form 1976 to 1989 in the
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former Soviet Union using as objects the fact of their violent death and specific
several biological species: mice, rats, information about nature of the deadly
aquarium fish, several species of insects. factor to the survivors of the same group.
General design of experiments was Based on this received information the
following: two identical groups of consciousness of this population employed
individuals of the same species, control both nonspecific and specific defense
and experimental, were kept physically mechanisms in order to survive the deadly
separated. Individuals in both of these factor. First, as a nonspecific defense the
groups were living together for some time consciousness of the population increased
to allow consciousness of the local the speed of reproduction. Second, as a
population to be established. Specific specific defense, using the received specific
number of individuals was removed from information about the deadly agent, the
the control group alive and removed from consciousness of the population activated
further experiments. Simultaneously the the specific resistance to this killing factor.
same number of individuals with the The conclusion of the project is that
same sex-ratio in the experimental group consciousness of the species is that long
was killed by the specific killing agent sought “intelligent” force that
(for example, in case of fish by physical “consciously” defends species numbers and
destruction and in case of pest insects by directs the emergence of specific new
one of commonly used against this mutations to adapt to a new deadly factor
species pesticides), left in the groups for during evolution.
a period of time and then removed too.
This was accomplished in the way that Concurrent Session IV
would completely eliminate any direct Platonic realism
exposure of the survivors to the killing A quantum model of organizations:
agent. These manipulations were Formation, information processing and
repeated periodically during some period decision-making. William Lawless
of time. The reproduction rates were <lawlessw@mail.paine.edu> (Paine
observed in the both of these groups. College).
Also in experiments on several insect- To address how systems of
pesticides combinations single individuals computational agents, working alone, in
from both groups were checked teams, or with humans, can best cooperate
periodically to compare the resistance to to solve problems and advance technology
the pesticide used as a killing agent. The more autonomously than the current
results of experiments on all studied generation of remotely controlled
species showed that after some time and unmanned systems, it is increasingly clear
number of above described manipulations that a revolution in computing foundations
the reproduction rate in the experimental is necessary. Yet, the most fundamental
group became considerably higher than in revolution in computational agent systems,
control groups. Also the results on insects and the major unsolved problem in Social
established that individuals in the Psychology (Allport, 1962), is understanding
experimental groups gradually acquired and controlling group processes. By
resistance to the pesticide used as a determining the optimum structure for
killing factor, whereas resistance of decision-making or the formation of
individuals of control groups to this organizations, the group offers the greatest
pesticide did not change. opportunity for advancements in military,
The interpretation of experimental computational, social, and industrial
results was following. The killed violently systems. On this question may well turn the
individuals transmitted by signals of future of U.S. and Western technological
unknown nature the information about advances. However, this problem remains
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not only unsolved, but also virtually information, I, but insufficient to impair
unstudied simply because social scientists the interaction, unexpectedly producing
have until now studied groups from the more trust compared to cooperation
perspective of the individual (Levine & (Lawless & Castelao, 2001). Using the social
Moreland, 1998), notably game theory. As quantum model, we extend this model to
the first attempt to analyze social the first information density functional
interdependence, game theory only theory (IDFT) of groups, especially mergers
produces static information, I (Von between heterogenous organizations
Neumann & Morgenstern, 1953, p. 45; (Lawless & Chandrasekara, 2002).
similar to static snapshots of polls and
repeated or “evolutionary” games). Luce Acknowledgements. The lead author thanks
and Raiffa (1967) concluded game theory J.A. Ballas ITD, NRL, Washington, DC,
could not rationally or mathematically where most of this research was conducted
determine the difference in value with funds from ONR through an ASEE
between a group and the aggregated grant.
value of individuals who comprise it, such
as IBM versus the sum of its individual References:
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theorists now reluctantly agree that conception of behav., J Abn. Soc Psych, 64,
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“groupness”(Levine & Moreland, 1998). of knowledge. New York, Doubleday.
The “groupness” problem arises by Lawless, W.F. & Castelao, T. (2001), Univ
recognizing that once members have Dec. Center, IEEE Techn. Soc., 20(2), 6-17.
been surveyed with questionnaires or Lawless, W.F. & Chandrasekara, R. (2002a,
polls, summing individual data does not forthcoming), Information density
reconstitute the group (adapted from functional theory: A quantum approach to
Zeilinger, 1999). Nash (1950) avoided this intent, Proceedings AAAI Fall Conference,
question in bargaining situations by November 15-17, 2002, North Falmouth,
assigning zero social value to groups with MA.
internal dissent, assuring that game Levine, J.M. and Moreland, R.L. (1998),
theory only addressed a select number of Small groups, In Gilbert et al., Hdbk Soc
groups whose values might be summed. Psych, pp. 415-469, McGraw.
But even for stable, homogeneous, Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social
dissent-free groups, Lewin (1951) science, Harper.
famously recognized that a group is Luce, R.D. and Raiffa, H. (1967), Games
different from the sum of its parts. In and decision, New York: Wiley.
contrast to logical positivist models, Nash, J.F., Jr. (1950), The bargaining
quantizing the pro-con positions in problem, Econometrica, 18, 155-162.
decision-making suggests that a robust Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O.
model of argumentation increases in (1953). Theory games & economic beh.
computational power with N, just as it Princeton.
does with humans. Previously, compared Zeilinger, A. (1999), Experiment and
with consensus or command decision- foundations of quantum physics, RMP, 71:
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optimum solutions of ill-defined
problems, idp’s, occurred when
incommensurable beliefs interacting Paranoiac-criticism, Salvador Dalí,
before neutral decision makers generated Arcimboldo and superposition in
sufficient emotion to process interpreting double images. Michael
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human brain, though as he admits, his evolutionary approach. It proposes that all
account is unsatisfactory because it is not elementary particles possess both an
naturalistic. All theories that attempt to extremely primitive phenomenology, and
make consciousness causally effective, some freedom of action based on this
while restricting this faculty to highly sentience, as fundamental, intrinsic
evolved creatures, run into the difficulty properties. In addition to panpsychism,
that they inevitably contradict therefore, panfreedom (hinted at by
naturalism. Such theories imply that, Seager) reigns throughout the cosmos. A
once conscious creatures have evolved, a panfree cosmology, which is related to the
new causal influence emerges in the ideas of Penrose and Hameroff, integrates
physics of the cosmos. Naturalism is panpsychism and panfreedom with general
perhaps the best-established relativity and quantum mechanics. The
characteristic of our current scientific paper goes on to show how human beings
understanding. Physical laws hold (and some other organisms) have evolved in
universally in all modern scientific accordance with natural selection to a
theories, even though these theories have degree of complexity where they could
changed greatly, and currently appear to reasonably be said to possess both mind and
conflict with one another to a certain free will. The objective (extrinsic) causality
extent. Any account of consciousness and of physics, and the subjective (intrinsic)
free will must be naturalistic if it is to be causality of panfreedom, mesh together
compatible with science. precisely, to give a complete, well
Many others besides Hodgson have integrated causality for all events in the
turned to quantum mechanics as holding cosmos.
the key to understanding consciousness
and human freedom of action. Among Quantum representation of idealism's
them are Hameroff, Penrose, Seager, and view of consciousness. H. Froning, Jr.
Stapp, who have put forward their views <froning@flagstaff.az.us> (Flight
in contributions to "Explaining Unlimited), H.D. Froning, Jr.
consciousness, the ‘Hard Problem’". The idealistic world view, first proposed
Chalmers and Seager in particular have by Plato, holds that the entirety of
shown that panpsychism possesses many temporal ever-changing physical experience
desirable explanatory properties, and is is the sum of the substance-less shadows
not contradicted by science. The cast upon the mass-less mental terrain of
philosopher Kane has made significant consciousness by the eternal solidity of
recent progress in understanding ideal patterns, called ideas. And Plato
libertarian free will. endowed ideas—-now usually referred to as
This paper is based on the plausible platonic forms—-with not only immortality
philosophical assumptions of rationalism, and immutability, but with absolute
physicalism, naturalism, modulated goodness and perfect beauty, as well.
common understanding, realism, the Quantum Mechanics (QM) cannot, of course,
Copernican principle, Occam’s razor, and prove the validity of such idealism. But
monism. It attempts to show that some of its underlying formalisms are used
libertarian free will is consistent with as mathematical metaphors to attempt a
these principles, and with all of the better visualization of the non-physical
current, standardly accepted laws and being that idealistic theories of
experimental findings of physics. The consciousness propose.
theory given here is a combination and A classical view of platonic form
refinement of the work of the authors so immortality and immutability places them
far mentioned, and of others; but it is within a time-less x-ikz realm, that is
novel in that it takes a bottom-up, orthogonal to the x-ct Minkowskian space of
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of computing founded on explicitly non- follow from the axioms. Then one may
deterministic and irreversible quantum adopt a larger axiomatic system consisting
systems. of either the original axiomatic set and p or
In closing, it is worth considering the the original set and not p. These two
sociological implications of the ontology axiomatic systems would not have
proposed here, especially if it proves to isomorphic interpretations; they would not
be fruitful in generating engineering be "categorical." But Lowenheim-Skolem,
advances. If all quantum systems are in establishing a more extreme kind of
some sense conscious, then building a departure from categoricity, says that
quantum computer would amount to there are alternative interpretations of an
creating an engineered proto- axiomatic system that differ without adding
consciousness. Because all physical any new axioms.
systems are quantum systems, this is true Since there are both "upward" and
even of digital computers, although it "downward" versions of Lowenheim-Skolem,
would appear that the degree to which and since their set-theoretical implications
they exhibit the property we call might be plumbed probabilistically via
consciousness at the human level is measure theory, Lowenheim-Skolem may
extremely limited. However, we may provide insight into the problem of
soon succeed in building adaptively unrenormalizable divergences in locally
intelligent quantum computers. It is symmetrical transformations between Bose-
worth pausing to give serious thought to Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Since
how we wish to go about doing this. An the intentionality of model theory is
important first step is to found both our assumed from the start in Lowenheim-
theory of quantum computing and our Skolem, its possible implications for
economic and social theories of collective supergravity might relate to the
decision making on a scientific ontology semantically self-referent paradoxes of
that has an explicit place for free will consciousness as well. These linkages could
and responsible choice. The ontology connect Lowenheim-Skolem to the Penrose-
proposed here does this quite naturally Hameroff hypothesis.
and is fully consistent with known
science. Complex semiotic dynamics. Edwina
Taborsky <taborsky@primus.ca> (Bishop's
Quantum field theory and the critical University, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada).
semiotics of digital mind. Donald Mender This paper is focused around my
<Solzitsky@aol.com> (New York Medical research in Semiotic Realism, which refers
College). to natural processes of measurement of
Penrose and others have asserted that energy/mass interactions found within all
Godel undecidability implies the realms of our universe, the abiotic, biotic
noncomputability of mental processes. and conceptual. Our universe is composed
The Lowenheim-Skolem theorem is an of energy and mass; the one is a version of
even more radical statement than Godel's the other. Radiant energy is transformed
undecidability theorem. This paper into diverse densities of matter, by means
proposes that such hyper-radicality has of a complex architectural network of
potential implications in support of the active measurements or codifications of
gravitonic brain model proposed by mass/energy.
Penrose and Hameroff. The measurement infrastructure for this
Godel says that there exist dynamic process operates within four
undecidable propopsitions p (and not p) spatial dimensions and three temporal
for a given meta-arithmetical axiomatic dimensions. When spatiotemporally linked
system, such that neither p nor not p at key nodal sites, these dimensions result
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in six predicate relations, which measure of Science' (Vol 33 2002), where French
energy such that it is stabilized as argues that London and Bauer's monograph
'informed mass'. 'The Theory of Observation in Quantum
A vital measurement is the interface Mechanics' is heavily influenced by
'cut' that permits dissimilar densities of Husserlian phenomenology. French claims,
energy/matter such that matter can be re-interpretation of the measurement
divided into internal and external realms. problem in this light leads to a dissolution
Internal measurements are richer or more of the problem of its 'collapse'as it is
complex than external measurements. traditionally conceived. The theory he puts
The three internal predicate forward in this paper is that the 'collapse' of
measurements operate by quantum the wave function is not a physical process
processes, while the two external at all and the problem is dissolved through
predicates operate by classical processes. an explanation of the measurement process
However, energy/matter does not exist from a phenomenological perspective
within an either-or architecture, for our whereby 'we create for ourselves new
universe requires both the quantum and configurations of objects' and 'it is only in
the classical measurements of this creative act itself that the seperation
energy/matter. What differentiates the between the I and the object occurs'.
two realms? It is not a micro/macro However my paper will conclude that
differentiation nor is it the existence of these phenomenological ideas do not go far
the 'observer'. The differentiation is due enough towards solving the measurement
to the dissimilar spatial and temporal problem, the major weak point of the
perimeters. I am suggesting that both the arguement being the explanation as to why
internal and external are objectively real we have a collective scientific regard so
measurement processes and that the that out of that scientific regard we all see
'same' matter is entangled within both the same thing.
quantum and classical measurement This paper will present a solution to this
processes. If we take an internal/external problem by examining Schrodinger's
entangled architecture as a basic philosophical ideas that there is a collective
requirement of energy/matter dynamics, consciousness through which we view the
then, consciousness arises within the world and furthermore it is a waste of time
modal typology of these interactions - for us to pin down the place where the
whether they are iconic, indexical or mind on matter or visa versa. We all belong
symbolic. to one consciousness and reality is not
outside this consciousness in some way but
A phenomenological approach to the is embodied within consciousness itself.
measurement problem. Where do these
ideas take us? Elizabeth Hill Phenomenology of scientific observation
<lizhill@hotmail.com> (University of and paradoxes of measurement. Patrick
Leeds, England). Heelan <heelanp@georgetown.edu>
Recent exploration of phenomenology (Georgetown University, Washington, DC
as a means of understanding/solving the 20057).
measurement problem in Quantum Husserl’s Eidetic Phenomenology is used
Mechanics will be the subject of this to analyse the perceptual ‘constitution’ of
paper. Here I shall examine the issues scientific data ‘given’ in measurement to a
raised in Steven French's recent article 'A first-person individual observer (the
phenomenological solution to the experimenter, S1) and a related third-
measurement problem? Husserl and the person individual observer (the observer of
foundations of Quantum Mechanics' in the the measurement process, S3). A
journal 'Studies in History and Philosophy comparison of these outcomes leads to two
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expectation value of that operator in the terms of the physical processes in the
quantum state of the physical world. brain. The firing of a single neuron with a
This framework is analogous to many- particular stimulus selectivity does not
world quantum theory in that the suffice. The neuro-physiological data on the
quantum state is postulated to be fixed, neural basis of color perception is
never undergoing state reduction or compatible with the hypothesis that (e.g.)
"collapse of the wavefunction." However, the quale of red is coded by the cluster of
instead of postulating many physical neural activity including those in V1 and V4.
worlds, it postulates that what there are Despite this nonlocal nature of the neural
many of are conscious perceptions in a correlate, we can subjectively perceive a
single quantum world, though the result red spot at a particular position in the
is qualitatively similar to what would be visual field. This seemingly nonlocal to local
the case if there were many different mapping from the cortical activities to the
conscious perceptions in many different percepts in subjective experience is one of
quasi-classical worlds. Nevertheless, the key features to be explained about
there are no strictly defined sequences of consciousness.
perceptions in Mindless Sensationalism, so One obvious way to account for the
it is not a many-minds theory either. nonlocal nature of the neural correlates of
In Mindless Sensationalism, there is conscious experience is to resort to the
nothing truly probabilistic about either nonlocality in quantum mechanics.
the quantum physical world (which has a However, there are the obvious difficulties
unique state and a determined set of in spelling out how the quantum nonlocality
operators) or the conscious perceptions, can contribute. In addition to the
but of course one may consider the decoherence problem due to high
statistics of perceptions that are temperature, there is the essential problem
considered to be selected randomly from of how one may make any quantum model
the set of all possible perceptions. It is of consciousness compatible with the
proposed that one may in principle test wealth of experimental evidence on the
any specific theory within this framework correspondence between neural activities
by considering the typicality of one's and conscious experience.
experienced perception in comparison Here, I explore a possible account of
with perceptions randomly chosen with the nonlocal feature of the conscious
the weighting given by the measure percepts based on a formulation similar to
assigned by the specific theory to each the "twistor" formalism developed by Roger
set of perceptions. Penrose. Specifically, it is assumed that the
physical time required for the transmission
On the nonlocal nature of the physical between the neurons is neglected and
basis of consciousness. Ken Mogi mapped to a point in the psychological time
<kenmogi@csl.sony.co.jp> (Sony (synaptic simultaneity). In addition, under
Computer Science Laboratories). certain conditions the physical distance
One of the most puzzling features of between neurons are mapped to a point in
the conscious experience is the apparent psychological space, leading to a twistor-
nonlocality of the neural correlates of like geometry. These assumptions are
percepts. Since every aspect of our shown to be compatible with the known
subjective experience should be experimental facts of neuropsychology.
ultimately explained in terms of the A twistor-like geometrical mapping has
mutual relationships between neural the potential to explain some important
firings (Mach's principle), it logically aspects of the cognitive process, such as
follows that the elements of perception the binding of features (color, shape,
(a.k.a. qualia) are coded nonlocally in motion etc.) within the framework of
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folding of protein molecules and the time Results of the tests showed that DL
evolution of photosynthesis. changes are closely connected to the highly
In this talk, examples will be organized and hierarchical arrangements of
presented where single atoms, molecules in cells. In this respect DL results
biomolecules, and intact subcellular units could be a possible evidence of the
such as cardiac muscle sarcomeres (actin- metabolically excited coherent excitations
myosin complexes) are studied with which H. Fröhlich hypothesized at the base
tailored laser radiation. of the functional order of active biosystems
A connection to the study of tubulin through the establishment of collective
and microtubules will be drawn and properties of the whole biological multi-
several new avenues of experimental components system.
research will be outlined. The idea is that long time involved in DL
measurements let to gather information
Delayed luminescence as a tool to about energy transfer pathway from more
investigate cell organization. Franco distant molecules, so taking into account
Musumeci for log-range interactions.
<francesco.musumeci@dmfci.unict.it> Moreover the similarity evidenced in
(Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e the DL responses of biological and solid
Chimiche per l’Ingegneria, Catania state systems related to the “grade of
University), Agata Scordino, Antonio order” present in the structures, pointed at
Triglia, Simona Carruba, Giuseppe the idea that the phenomenon can be
Privitera, Maurizio Tedesco, Salvatore connected to the existence of collective
Tudisco. electron states and challenged the authors
In the last years a relevant in applying a Davydov’s soliton model to
experimental work conducted by explain DL results from a theoretical point
researchers of different countries has of view.
outlined the possibility to connect In the end, experimental and
phenomenologically changes in the theoretical results of DL show the
physiological state of biological systems possibility of using DL measurements in
to the changes in the low-level order to closely investigate the energy and
luminescence they emit on being information transfer mechanisms in
illuminated. This luminescence is known biological systems letting to study the
in Literature as Delayed Luminescence biophysics of a living organism as a whole
(DL), due to the long duration that complex system, and to prove that
typically occur after the stimulating light properties of living beings ultimately rely
has been switched off. Moreover such on and are determined by the law of
results have produced notable interest physics.
for the application potentialities of DL
measurements as technique for Toward testable hypotheses of neuro-
environmental control, food quality test dynamic and quantum field mechanisms
and clinical diagnosis. underlying anomalous conscious states.
In order to give a deeper glance in James Lake <egret4@mindspring.com>.
the mechanism of DL phenomenon, the Classical explanations based on strictly
effects of reversible or irreversible biophysical models, cannot potentially
disorganization of cytoplasm in explain core features of anomalous
unicellular alga, by using freezing- conscious phenomena including shared
thawing procedure, anesthetic incubation information under conditions of sensory
and calcium influx change, have been shielding, so-called “distant healing,” and
studied. others. Several theories of anomalous
conscious experience have emerged from
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In our quest to build the tool sets we to create visual effects. Actual source
need to achieve our technical goals, or at footage of work was created for a special
least further the functionality, and effect using RS170A for video mask
understand the subject matter of choice mapping*. Using an unpredictable system,
within the applicable fields of study. One complex, and non-linear in nature, a
has to appreciate the plethora of custom imaging system was configured to
mechanisms all inclusive of trying to record different conditions with the signal
prove proof-of-principal concepts and the chain controlling feedback and control.
convincing of ones' self of determining Time base errors and distortions were
the conscious reality of a particular introduced to create resultant (if any)
event. It is this forum the intersection of differences. Monochrome sources were
disciplines crosses over to the subject needed to reduce the data sets and
matter hopefully is realized, and of therefore have a higher resolvable
course questioned. throughput of data.
The author wishes to present and Of course, with the characteristic of
qualify terms in conjunction with unpredictability, the results have to be
observations in order to establish reversed engineered to clearly understand
conclusions associated with the data what is happening in the static and dynamic
presented. The data presented is a data. That is also the purpose of submitting
representative model of the this paper. Without unbiased (and biased),
demonstrated laws* physical and quantum but purely subjective outside party
forms in nature. In the primary case interpretation, the facets of all what in
RS170A video was captured as the main involved may surface discontinuities, and
data set presented to demonstrate real therefore a higher level of integrity is
time* electron flux migration through the achieved to qualify reality in determining
substrate and surface structure of an what actually is happening in the images.
inter-line transfer CCD (Charge Coupled
Device). Two static bit mapped pictures, Universal spintronic device for
(Pic#1 and Pic#2) are included with this manipulating quantum information. Afzal
abstract. Kamboh <m.afzal@ieee.org> (Spins
The recorded event demonstrates a Research Group,Department of Electronics
few representative mechanisms of and Tletcommunication Engineering,
quantum motion generated from Mehran University of Engineering and
electronic charge migration propagating Techonology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh
through a substrate of silicon. A system of Pakistan.), B.S. Chowdhary, A.R. Memon.
imaging a interline CCD "Hot Pixel", and The model of universal Spintronic
reading out the video in real time creates device is proposed in our paper, which not
a most intriguing dataset of images. only can manipulate quantum information
Patterns that are fractal at first glance, but also can perform logic operation. The
but appears to be molecular in form, and proposed model consists of three horizontal
possibly an ideal representation of "Real- and three vertical layers of semiconductor
Time" electron flow. As shown in Pic#1 a and ferromagnetic semiconductor
baseline position is determined from the materials. Thus it forms a array (qunatum
odd to even raster noting that each state cube named as say [A]) of 3 by 3. Three
changing as a function of position and different elctrons, all having different
time with the Pic#2 being the next exact precessional characteristics thus possessing
frame in the sequence of capture. quantum information, are forced to enter
The history of the work was the the array elements labelled a11, a21, a31
culmination of a few projects and (region 1) with the application of external
disciplines of study. One application was electric field. The elements a11, a21, a31
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Poster Sessions
Research, Alma-Ata University, among
others.).
During 20 years we have been doing
A model for the quantum mind. Diaa experimental research following after Cleve
Ahmed <diahmed@yahoo.com> (ITP Backster's experiments with plants. We
Utrecht). have been using extremely sensitive
A model for the "Quantum Mind" was equipment manufactured by the Biocomp
introduced in conjunction with the study Research Institute of Los Angeles, hold a
of the "Quantum Topology", the theory of cordial friendship with Hershel Toomim and
the quantum space on the basis of set Bob Marsh (directors), and we believe we
theory. Some new development are based are now used to understanding their bio-
on the logical structure of the "Yoga feedback devices. Their equipment has
Sutras of Patanjali", the ancient text on been our technological basis to support our
Yoga Psychology that describe the proposal.
development of Existential states of the As a matter of fact, we do believe
mind; Ones that have the nature of Hershel does not pay attention to the fact
existence itself. of how far his machine can go beyond its
main purpose of detecting very small
Quantum state engineering with the rf- physiological signals to perform clinical
SQUID. Christopher Altman biofeedback tasks.
<christaltman@yahoo.com>. His equipment being extremely
Quantum computers take sensitive, we have adapted it to detect
advantage of the superpositional logic of some other phenomena beyond the
quantum mechanics to allow for dramatic physiological. In other words, we have
increases in computational efficiency. rf- harnessed its sensitivity capacity to try to
SQUIDs show potential for quantum detect electromagnetic phenomena beyond
computing applications by forming the the clinical environment.
qubit component of a quantum computer, Counting on this tool, then, many years
through simply treating the direction of ago we applied ourselves to the task of
its current - clockwise or detecting some kind of computer-
counterclockwise - as the value of the electromagnetic results that might be a
bit. rf-SQUIDs present a major advantage consequence of mental or consciuos
over atomic-scale qubit systems: they are activity. Our hypothesis has been that
sensitive to parameters that can be counsciousness activity somehow has to
engineered. The flux qubits are linked interact with some range of the
through controlled inductive coupling - electromagnetic spectrum. Also, that the
the magnetic field of each junction electromagnetic means of information
affects the others. The strength of this transportation could eventually carry
coupling can be "tuned", allowing for mental signals.
refined control over the behaviour of the Although that has been only a
system. rf-SQUIDs can also be mass hypothesis, or an intuition, we have never
produced on-chip, making large-scale stopped experimental sessions devoted to
production feasible. confirm that relations.
So far, we have conducted more than
Electromagnetic detection of non-local 2.000 measurements of this kind of
mind-energy interaction. Gabriel interactions, and to date we are fully
Aramburo convinced that THERE IS A CLEAR INTER
<gabrielaramburo1@epm.net.co> INFLUENCE RELATING MIND ACTIVITY and
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(p=0.029), Appraisal of FM (p=0.01), and into existence, and what accounts for the
global physical health (p=0.005). Taken variability of their properties"?
together, the findings indicate that FM • the implications of nonlocality on the
patients who choose to stay with quantum level that everything in our
randomly-assigned, blinded active or universe is entangled, communicates, and is
placebo treatment have increased scores thus aware and conscious.
on trait absorption and are clinical Virtually all historical cultures other
responders. Although absorption has some than our own have acknowledged the
heritable features and may relate to existence of life-force energy and made it
limbic function associated with certain the basis of their cosmology, sciences,
altered consciousness states and spiritual healing, and fine arts. As we understand
experiences, absorption does not appear life-force energy better, we are finding
to correlate with most clinical outcomes. significant congruence in their explanations
For those staying with their randomized of the structure of our universe;
assignments, active remedy has an coincidence with carefully documented
advantage over placebo. The data suggest experiences of consciousness researchers,
a need to explore additional factors in as well as modern and ancient mystics; and
positive responses to homeopathic effective conceptual and operational ability
remedies and placebo within the macro- to embrace modern issues of consciousness
entanglement model. and quantum physics.
We do not have conclusive evidence of
Supported by NIH R21-AT00315-02 (IRB), whether life-force energy is a variation of
K24-AT00057-02 (IRB), P20-AT00774-01 conventional electromagnetic or
(GES), and U01-HL53938-07S1 (CMB). gravitational energies, or a totally different
realm of existence, though most traditional
Quantum nonlocality, consciousness, cultures posit the latter. It does appear to
and architecture. Tom Bender play a significant and demonstrable role in
<tom@tombender.org>. a wide variety of phenomena that have
Modern physics posits the existence of resisted conventional explanation; work
only a material universe, and all non-locally and based in universal
properties in it inherent in the properties consciousness; and fit into coherent and
of its elemental particles. Yet we are effectual models of our cosmos that
faced today with significant limitations of promise intriguing new avenues of
that hypothesis as currently developed: exploration, verification, and application.
• the widespread experiencing and
active work in our own culture with life- Pulsed-nonlocality: Towards a unification
force energy (chi or prana) which our of approaches to consciousness. Donivan
physics denies the existence of – in Bessinger <donibess@aol.com> (retired
realms as different as healing, martial physician).
arts in the military, architecture, and CIA Certain quantum theory concepts,
remote viewing. Any model of our especially nonlocality, probability, and
universe today that ignores the entanglement with consciousness, mean
phenomena of life-force energy has that we cannot be satisfied with a theory of
questionable credibility. consciousness until we achieve a
• the logical enigma of "fundamental satisfactory theory of reality. Current
particles" - particularly when they are approaches to a “final theory” of cosmos
large in number and with diverse focus on the nature of the smallest objects
properties: the inevitable questions "what in space. However, a theory of whole-
are they made of, what brought them cosmos Energy nonlocally pulsed (quantized
and renormalized) in Planck time intervals,
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inclined to think that the process or the being. It is a cosmic limiting condition over
result of the awareness of the “Self” which the individual has no control. It is
could be more clearly understood, owing this that the jiva or individual soul
considering it as a change of molecules- considers itself apurna or imperfect, a
particles concentrations along the separate entity cut off from the universal
structure of the USC. This would consciousness."
determine a subtly regulated transmission "Consciousness is the nature of Self
of all the pre-synaptic inputs so starting a which verily is the Divine Self freed of all
syncronic and synergic low-level activity limiting conditions."
in the “whole” neuronal web. Perception, "Every appearance owes it existence to
memory and learning are the three the light of consciousness. Nothing can ever
physiological functions through which have its own being without the light of
emerges the consciousness of the self, consciousness. Being experienced, it is of
increasing from the constant low-noise the nature of consciousness itself, because
effect of a quiescent state to particular of its being identical with that light."
map interconnection systems correlating "When the mind is united to the core of
selective events. Such moments would consciousness, every observable
necessarily have to correspond to ionic- phenomenon and even the void appear as a
molecular codifications that coherently form of consciousness."
are accounted for by the QED mechanism. "The individual mind intently entering
We also described how physiological, into the universal light of foundational
pharmacological and pathological consciousness sees the entire universe as
moments through which consciousness saturated with that consciousness."
disappears could confirm the global "That harmony, delight, bliss is the
nature of consciousness which “lights up” characteristic of consciousness which forms
and “turns off” when all the neuronal the warp and woof of the universe."
cytoskeletons and the USC loose their "Consciousness shines in various
quantic/computational capacity. external and internal forms. There is no
existence of objects apart from
Consciousness studying itelf. Stephen consciousness. Therefore, the world is
Bost <ancwisdom@earthlink.net> (The simply a form of consciousness. Objects are
Center for Creative & Enlightened not known by anybody without
Education). consciousness. It is consciousness that has
There is a dilemma with the study of assumed the forms of objects. it is through
consciousness, and that it is consciousness that objects are ascertained."
consciousness studying 'itself'. It is sort of To sum up, I believe that these Sages
like water trying to determine if it is wet. and Mystics are saying that individual
I also have found it interesting that this consciousness and Universal Consciousness
topic has been studied before. The Sages are one and the same separated only by
and Mystics of old did their own inquiries perception, and 'everything' that exists is a
on this profound subject. The following form of this One Consciousness.
writings talk about consciousness in such
a unique way that I thought that I would Jung/Pauli dialogue: The influence of
present them here. These works give us a quantum consciousness on psychology.
different view about the nature of Gregory Brack <gbrack@gsu.edu> (Georgia
consciousness. State University), Michele B. Hill, Ph.D.
From the "Shiva Sutras": "It is the The concept of "quantum consciousness"
primal limiting condition (called anava has increasingly captured the attention of
mala) which reduces the universal social scientists, but historically the
consciousness to that of an empirical dialogue of quantum physics and social
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science is old. One of the earliest and unconsciousness level. James would
most significant continuing dialogues suggest, and the writings of Jung and Pauli
between physics and psychology was that seem to support, that quantum effects
between psychiatrist Carl Jung and Nobel likely influence consciousness via the
Prize winning physicist Wolfgang Pauli. unconsciousness. Such insight may lead to a
Among a select group of Jung's followers, revised formulation of "quantum
the Jung/Pauli dialogue was followed consciousness."
closely, and influenced extensions of
Jungian therapy, but until recently much The survival of consciousness. Else Byskov
of the psychological community was <byskov@wanadoo.es> (Scientific and
ignorant of the groundbreaking work Medical Network International Association
between the two very different of Near Death Studies).
scientists. With the recent publication of Based on the fundamental
several sources recording this dialogue, electromagnetic nature of consciousness it
deeper insight into their thoughts are can be explained why consciousness is not
now available to a wider audience. In restricted to the brain, but is dispersed all
particular the publication in English of through the body. The electromagnetic
the Jung/Pauli letters titled "Atom and nature of consciousness also explains how
Archetype" records the decades long cross consciousness can survive physical death.
fertilization of ideas between the two As consciousness consists of ray-formed
thinkers. In addition the publication of matter or energy it can be argued that this
Pauli's relevant collected work in type of matter is not subject to wear and
"Writings on Physics and Philosophy" has tear as physical matter is. Through an
provided Jungian scholars much more understanding of the various states of
material about the deeper aspects of matter it can furthermore be substantiated
their ideas on quantum consciousness. how ray-formed matter is the upper tier of
This paper will discuss first the notorious matter and how physical matter can be
background that led to Pauli entering the viewed as condensed or "frozen"
"Jungian circle." Next, the paper will consciousness matter. The talk explains in a
discuss that as the two scholars became logical and science-based way why death is
acquainted, there arose a mutual an illusion and why we are alive in a
recognition of the similarity of their two conscious universe.
apparently dissimilar fields. Their
subsequent communications then Synchronous oscillations and phase
affected Jung's view of "Synchronicity" encoding in the brain. Russell Ceballos
and Pauli's view of quantum mechanics. <ucmenicu@msn.com> (School of
This paper next assesses how that Computational Sciences, George Mason
dialogue, and its subsequent effects upon University).
Jung and Pauli, may inform contemporary Recent neuroscientific evidence has
discussions about quantum consciousness called considerable attention to
and the continued cross communication spontaneously active neurons synchronized
of the hard science of physics and the as assemblies, within millisecond precision,
softer social science of psychology. over space-separated regions of the brain.
Finally, the paper will look at the This phenomenon has been related and
influence of William James upon both extended into many areas of neuroscience,
Jung and Pauli. Often in reviewing the especially its significance to the distributed
Jung/Pauli dialogues, commentators have nature of brain processing, and even to
forgotten that one crucial aspect of requirements of conscious experience and
James' theory of consciousness was the psychopathology. Much of the earlier data
role of the "spiritual" on an emphasized zero-phase lag between
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synchronized signals, more often than not information processing in the brain and its
in terms of their relation to the relation to the conscious experience.
perception of a percept/stimulus.
However, accumulating evidence has The matter-mind continuum: Exploring
been calling this straightforward the sankhya paradigm in indian
approach to temporal binding into philosophy. Meera Chakravorty
question, as transient phase locking and <meera_c@vsnl.net> (Bangalore University,
asynchronous inputs have been shown to Dept. of Sanskrit, (Indian Philosophy)).
be equally active mechanisms involved in New findings in science provide us with
this process. Attention is paid to the amazing details about the structure of
molecular, sub- and super-neuronal Matter. To come to this fascinating
processes that provide insight into the understanding it has taken a long time.
pathways and possible mechanisms Both the scientific experience and the
involved in “binding” distant spatio- perceptual experience are affected by the
temporally encoded processing in the behaviour of Matter, verifiable in details by
brain. The phase relationships inherent in experiments. Classical Physics has come to
these processes, as well as other relevant discover certain laws which can be
data regarding non-local formulated mathematically and are
interactions/phenomenon in the brain are universal inasmuch as they are believed to
also discussed. It is emphasized that the apply to all Matter at all times. When we
resolution of time scales within which discover Matter that do not obey such laws,
these synchronized processes occur need that would mean we are yet to
to be enhanced before any serious understandabout it more and more. For
assessment can be made in terms of EPR- instance, the question of whether at it's
like correlations. It seems that such most fundamental level, matter behaves in
precise and delicate phase encoding a wave like or particle like way or both, has
between millimeters of space within the been a source of continuing bewilderment.
brain, working within the time scales Our present understanding based on
evidenced so far in the data, would be quantum theory, is that at sub-atomic
best represented non-locally; in a level, Matter isn't either wave like or
Quantum-like way. That is, sub- and particle like in nature but both, depending
super-neuronal wave processes would on the circumstances and behave
provide a much more refined modulation unpredictably in a manner quite unlike
of such oscillations, and a richer, albeit anything we are familiar with in everyday
more comprehensive, understanding of life.
the dynamics and information processing In the Indian traditional schools of
involved. The problems posed in Sankhya, Nyaya and Vaisheshika, there have
attempting to understand this been attempts to grasp the far from
phenomenon within the framework of obvious nature of the physical world at ever
classical neurophysiology and physics more fundamental levels and in doing so, to
seem to evaporate when approached draw over understanding of phenomena
from a Quantum, or even Quantum-like, that may appear to be disparate. These
perspective. This paper, using the schools have made an effort to understand
evidence presented and taking in hand that complex objects are made from
the known structure and properties of simpler components. As for instance, Nyaya
receptive fields at the microdendritic says, Anu or atom is the simplest state,
processing level (which has already been though not perceptible. While Sankhya
established in Quantum holographic terms emphasises that everything around us,
by Pribram), aims to elucidate some of ourselves included, is composed of Prakriti
the fundamental issues of distributed or the Original Matter. Thus, underlying the
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body techniques explained in this paper) Quantum models of mind are based on
to think according to this logical model. the possibility of a quantum computing in
In this condition, after training, should to brain microtubules. From this point view,
prove a higher duration of the the information processing is the
superposition state on the ERP during the fundamental question in the understanding
first observation of an event never of the brain mechanisms to produce
observed before. This study offers valid consciousness.
indications to support this hypothesis. The cytoskeleton polimers could make
the store and processing of information
Toward a proof that awareness is not through their dynamical coupling mediate
reducible and the limits of discovery in by mechanical energy.
quantum conciousness. Steven Ericsson We analyse the transfer and store
Zenith <steven@pearavenue.com> problem of information in brain
(Independent). microtubules, considering it as a
The mind we are familiar with is the comunication channel. We discuss the
product of a conspiracy between implications in the assumption of the
physiology and awareness. Our physiology consciousness as generated by the
is the emergent biomechanical organism subneuronal processor.
of evolution. However, awareness is not
reducible. There can be no awareness of The conscious mind and the Schrödinger's
the most primitive transduction before cat. Giovanni Fantasia
the organism is aware and we cannot <fantasia@dsi.unimi.it> (University of
experience awareness before it is so. Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'
What Damasio says (in "The Feeling of Informazione).
What Happens"), while making the most How comes existence? How can we
compelling rationale for emergence, is develop a conceptual framework where our
simply impossible, dependent on magical physical theories could be interpreted
instantiation. coherently? Trying to answer these
Awareness is therefore not emergent questions John Archibald Wheeler (1,2)
but necessarily first order, the equal of proposed an ontology based on elementary
energy/matter. acts of observation. Similar ideas are
By these same limits the search for explained in the work of Herny Stapp (3). In
consciousness in quantum observation these works the world described classically
cannot hope to find the physical in term of objects, space and time is a part
mechanism of awareness but only to of the picture emerging from a mosaic,
identify its presence and the mechanism where the single plugs are these
of its interaction and development - it elementary acts. Existence is the ensemble
cannot produce a complete and internally of transitions from possible to actual:
consistent view of the universe that is possible and actual determines each others
purely physical. in a circular process. Developing this
A formal proof of the irreducibile framework could also be a basis to build a
nature of awareness should be possible theory of consciousness and self-
and this paper discusses what such a consciousness and what kind of role
proof will look like. consciousness has in actualization of being.
In our work we make this further
Information processing in brain hypothesis: mind has the faculty to choose
microtubules. Jean Faber Abreu the set of possible directions of particular
<faber@lncc.br> (LNCC - National state reductions; these particular state
Laboratory of Scientific Computing). reductions build the part of reality that
mind is aware of. In this way we give a
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possible solution to the Schrödinger's cat two electrons due to electricity and
paradox: the empirical fact that we don't electrons' gravitational attraction due to
observe Schrödinger's cats is the their masses.
consequence of an asymmetry of mind in This observation comes from study of
observing reality. Mind acts like a filter optics dealing with refraction and
for some state reductions and these reflection from concave mirrors and lenses.
"forbidden" reductions may coincide with The study is a radical departure from
what we call non-local measurements. classical notion that light rays concave
Example of these non-local mirrors reflect produce inverted, real
measurements are the projectors on images resulting from light rays intersecting
states that are linear superpositions of and convergence, and are devoid of
states describing a single particle at physical properties.
different locations. So Schrödinger's cats Instead, concave mirrors displace space
are excluded by a mind that gives a and time in the immediate path of
"localized" direction in the becoming of reflection within the radius of original
things. Finally we discuss some physical sphere from which concave mirrors derive.
facts that could be searched to confirm The displacement is a geometric exchange
this model. of curvature. The resultant curvature is a
negative curvature manifold of hyperbolic
1) J. A. Wheeler " World as a System Self- paraboloid form. The hyperbolic paraboloid
synthetised by a Quantum Networking" is a ruled surface. When reflected from
IBM Journal of Research V.32 No.1 concave mirrors, principal rays follow a
January 1988 ruled surface trajectory of a hyperbolic
2) J. A. Wheeler " Information, Physics, paraboloid to a focal point. The ruled
Quantum: The Search for Links" surface nature of manifold limits degrees of
Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of freedom of reflected light from a concave
Information, SFI Studies in the Sciences of mirror and confines positions of focal
Complexity, vol. VIII, Ed. W.H.Zurek, points.
Addison-Weslay, 1990 The negative curvature requires light rays
3) H. Stapp "Mind, Matter and Quantum to move as vectors in opposite directions
Mechanics" Springer Verlag, 1993 simultaneously; having equal magnitude,
the resultant force is zero, hence, a real
From gravity to consciousness. Joel image. The focal point is the center of
Fontes <mfvlabs@prodigy.net.mx> (MFV gravity of resultant negative curvature
Labs Manifold Vectors Studies). manifold. The curvature exchange
Gravity is the inverted, real image of transition induces a potential difference of
electromagnetism. The force of gravity space and time, thus, rotational motion,
can be deduced from the ratio of relative hence, inverted image.*
strength between force of a distant The inverted, real image produced by
electrically charged object and the force eyesight is similar to process above.
its inverted, real image exerts on an Humanity and by default any bioptic**
infinitesimal mass of given point size creature must perforce perceive incoming
charge. The mass and electrical charge streams of photons, in waveform rather
can be engineered so that strength of its than particle nature. Incoming streams do
inverted, real image is sufficient to not choose either one of two eye lenses by
vanish gravity effect at focal point which to enter. Indeed, entry and passage
relative to infinitesimal mass of point size through both eyes at once requires an
charge. Though relative strength would undisturbed quantum state, akin to a
have increased, ratio remains constant double slit experiment.
and equivalent to repulsion ratio between
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This suggests natural state of photons perhaps, but inappropriate for the ears of
is a quantum state.*** Tunneling photons, more learned men and women of science.
antedating reality perception, apparent What? Structure duality in a tetrahedral
timelessness, suggest reality inherent to manner and acquire a desktop model that
this natural quantum state is four- directly imparts repeatable units of
dimensional. Four-dimensionality, physical intuition on states, one-half spin,
however, composed of the three known anharmonic motion, AND a *feel* for
spatial dimensions and time, but in a quantum consciousness, all in a few
coherent state of equal identities having moments of just thinking? Preposterous!
potential energy. Yet, a thoughtful person will soon
Decoherence of the natural quantum notice that quantum consciousness is, in
state in the mind begins with a curvature the main, carbon-based, thus these same
exchange resulting in an inverted real five dualic structures resonate throughout
image; precisely here, four- all of quantum consciousness. We do share
dimensionality collapses to three spatial the pattern and the similar patten
dimensions, releasing potential energy recognition systems. The doorway opens
and transferring angular momentum to wider.
beholder who senses illusionary temporal Oddly enough, it turns out that abstract
flow. math symbols and expressions involve
Consciousness originates in the "store/hold/retrieve" morphisms that are
process of the quantum state collapse in not innate in the thing itself. Thus, abstract
keeping with the law of conservation of mathematical symbols and expressions are
energy and momentum. Simultaneously, just not synchronous enough nor robust
consciousness reduces the wave function, enough to convey enough information fast
and consciousness originates as the result enough to spark and sustain a working
of the collapse. awareness of quantum consciousness or any
of the other emerging, more unified
What do you get when you build a models. More robust symbols are required.
tetrahedron out of magnets? (...Or, why The remainder of this paper, that is, in
unification is too big an attribute to be this initial public presentation, using
anything but a primary tenet.). Ralph standard one- and two-frequency magnetic
Frost <ralph@refrost.com> (Frost Low tetrahedra, the author introduces the new
Energy Physics). symbols and traces through the discoveries
What a thoughtful person gets when of (1) the underlying principle of structured
they answer the question posed above is duality, (2) the solar maximum cycle as one
a quick and dirty shortcut to quantum definite quantum gravitational wave in the
consciousness. A secret doorway opens as local region, (3) why the analog
one notices that the five different ways mathematical approach is effective when
to align four rod magnets along the radii modeling the emerging more unified
of a tetrahedron have the same dualic models, (4) why one-half spin is important,
look and *feel* as do the five possible and (5)how binary tetrahedral symbols go
representations of Debye about generating internal sine and cosine
electronegativity vectors in molecules tables with just a bit of torsion, therein
involving tetravalent atoms. That is, relating energy to spin to vision to smell, to
these five patterns dominate in organic memory to angles to math to speech.
chemistry and thus, throughout all of the The author will also describe his view of
lithosphere and biosphere. the notions: (1) "experience exists; time
At first, such a fancifully, naive does not" and (2) "all HEP results only show
notion sounds like compound jargonic that the unified system breaks down in
gibberish: an intriguing word salad trick repeatable ways".
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and ontology put forth by Michel Serres in which, “once a critical point is reached
and Giles Deleuze writing with Felix (in triggering conditions) the transition is
Guattari. The specific notions of what inevitable” (118). He suggested that,
constitutes a “body” and its component “inevitability presupposes some kind of
parts are take from Mae-Wan Ho’s work cooperativity—a change that increases the
on whole system bioenergetics, Gerald propensity of additional change in the same
Pollack’s work on the phase-state shifting direction,” (118) and described the
of cells, and Lynn Margulis and Dorian mechanism involved, which “arises out of
Sagan’s work of symbiogenesis. competition between two or more forces,”
Ho (1993) summarized the problem of (118) in this case the equal tendency of
finding a mechanism for dynamic polymer to bond with itself, or with water.
coherence at metabolic temperatures. Cooperativity of fields is what enables
She reminds us that condensed matter them to be so fast; they create space. The
physics is that study of “the collective link-by-link mechanism of neuronal and
behaviour . . . when molecular disorder – chemical networks is slower; it fills space.
entropy – disappears and the systems no
longer behave statistically but in Does the theory of psychiagenia (TOP)
accordance with dynamical laws” (87). have experimental applications? Ivan
Although typically true only of cold Godfroid <ivan.godfroid@chu-charleroi.be>
systems, biotic entities that were (CHU de Charleroi (Universite Libre de
“nonequilibrium systems subject to Bruxelles), Department of Psychiatry,
energy flow can also undergo transitions Vincent van Gogh Hospital).
to coherent, macroscopic activity¼” (89). The theory of psychiagenia (TOP) was
Using a quantum model of the body, one recently proposed as an alternative to
where “exited molecules vibrate at dualism and materialism (Godfroid, 2002).
various characteristic frequencies,” Ho It can be viewed as a double-aspect
drew on Frolich’s research that revealed monism, where the mind and brain have a
“collective modes of both common root called ‘psychiagenia’ which is
electromechanical oscillations (phonons, not directly assessable (Godfroid, in press).
or sound waves) and electromagnetic Brain mapping and subjective experience
radiations (photons)¼” (91). These are thus considered as truncated
“collective modes,” called by Frolich representations of psychiagenia that cannot
“coherent excitations,” could be easily be ‘correlated’. As the hard problem
synergistically linked. “[C]oherent would then seem simply to have shifted, an
excitations make the system sensitive to analogy with quantum physics’ superstring
specific, weak signals . . . Whole theory (see Randall, 2002) was used to
populations of cells may be poised in explain why psychiagenia is not directly
critical states so that a small, specific assessable. The idea was to show that a
signal would set off a whole train of possible answer to the hard problem of
macroscopic, coherent reactions” (93) consciousness might come out of the logic
And, as in any other solid-state of a theory that has solved another difficult
(condensed matter) system, move problem of science: the relation between
through the system as a standing wave gravity and quantum mechanics. In the
(or, soliton). “[F]requencies are coupled string theory, the messenger particle is no
together so that random energy fed into longer a point but a string vibrating in
any specific frequency can be space-time at different frequencies; these
communicated to other[s]” (91). different harmonics correspond to the
Pollack (2001) documented the same different elementary particles. The
sort of “cooperative” transition between superstring theory only works if space has
condensed and expanded polymer states, extra dimensions, but we are unable to
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discern these. In TOP, string physics is Godfroid IO. Psychiagenia: a gauge theory
supposed to govern psychiagenia, and the for the mind-brain problem.
mere nature of this common root (like its Neuroquantology, in press.
number of dimensions) is thought to Randall L. Extra dimensions and warped
render its assessment unachievable: geometries. Science 296: 1422-7, 2002.
medical imagery reduces it to a 4-
dimensional brain map, and cognitive No risk of a quantum decoherence in the
psychology to an ‘n-dimensional’ one. brain according to the theory of
The next step in developing TOP is topsychiagenia (TOP). Ivan GODFROID
search for experimental possibilities. On <ivan.godfroid@chu-charleroi.be> (CHU de
the one hand, there are of course future Charleroi (Universite Libre de Bruxelles),
experimentations that should take place Department of Psychiatry, Vincent van
in the field of quantum physics (and a Gogh Hospital).
first step towards this goal is the study of Neuroquantology is a new field of
ordinary aspects of string physics that will
research. It is based on the assumption that
start around 2007 at the European quantum physics and neuroscience can
Laboratory for Particle Physics’ Large unite in the study of consciousness.
Hadron Collider). On the other hand, TOP Although new ideas, and especially
has to take up the challenge of the integrating paradigms, are constantly
classical majors topics of consciousness encouraged in all the scientific journals,
studies (split brain, blindsight, etc.). But
the least we can say is that physicalism is
I would stress here that medicine could not always welcome. Scepticism is however
offer some other promising ways of fruitful when a real debate is possible. As it
investigation that have been largely was stated in the first announcement of the
neglected until now: pseudocyesis (a Quantum Mind 2003 congress, critics mainly
disease where the false conviction of contend that “the brain is too warm for
pregnancy induces anatomical
quantum computation which in the
modifications), aphasia (where the technological realm requires extreme cold
preservation of thought after a stroke in to avoid ‘decoherence’, loss of seemingly
the language area of the brain has been delicate quantum state by interaction with
described), dementia (characterised by a the environment”. Several authors have
backward erasing of all knowledge along attempted to demonstrate that a quantum
with neuronal lesions), and most of all, effect could nonetheless be possible in the
the placebo effect. Placebo effect is brain (e.g., Donald, 1990, to see how a
certainly one of the most fascinating and physicist deals with the difficulty; and
controversial aspects of medicine. It can Rocha et al., 2001, for a biological
be viewed as evidence that a mind state approach).
can be indirectly linked to a somatic Tackling the problem from another
effect through a far more complex point of view, I would like to stress that the
mechanism than a neural correlate. In theory of psychiagenia (TOP) clearly avoids
other words, the placebo effect seems this kind of inconsistency. TOP was recently
the most promising way of assessing proposed as an alternative to the usual
psychiagenia by new paradigms, and a answers to the mind-brain problem
first step towards experimentation of (Godfroid, 2002; Godfroid, in press). The
TOP. world according to the TOP is ruled by
string physics (see Antoniadis et al., 1998,
Godfroid IO. Psychiagenia: mind and brain and Randall & Sundrum, 1999, on string
through superstrings. Int J theory’s relevance to macroscopic systems;
Neuropsychophamacol 5 (Suppl 1): S195, and Flanagan, 2001, for an alternative
2002. application to consciousness). Psychiagenia
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is the name given to the part of this In April, 1999, a paper of mine
world corresponding to a common root (http://www.tap3x.net/EMBTI/j5gonsowski
for the mind and brain. Psychiagenia is .html) appeared in the e-journal "The
currently not directly assessable. Indeed, Enneagram and the MBTI". This paper
only truncated images of it are unified existing circumplex models of
obtainable: the brain is an “objective” personality into one of three types. Each
one, and the mind a “subjective” one. If circumplex type contained 12 two factor
brain and mind are only indirect personality types in three Jungian
representations of psychiagenia, it is personality dimensions. Why were there
because the very tools we use for its three circumplexes? Could the three be
assessment (medical imagery for the merged into one model? What about the
brain, or cognitive psychology for fourth Jungian dimension, extraversion-
emotions and thoughts) lead to a kind of introversion? These were questions left
alteration in their common root. In other unanswered by my first paper. In July,
words, there is no risk of a quantum 1999, John Fudjack, the editor for the e-
decoherence in the brain according to journal with my paper, attended a "Theory
TOP, because the brain is already the of Everything" conference in the Smokey
result of a decoherence of psychiagenia. Mountains that was also attended by string
Now the real question is: which way physicist Brian Greene. Fudjack shared his
forward to the direct assessment of view that the mandala, a symbol of a
psychiagenia? profound organizing principle, plays a vital
role in personality typologies. The mandala,
Antoniadis I, Arkani-Hamed N, according to Fudjack, is structured in such
Dimopoulos S, Dvali G. New dimensions at a way that its 'outermost' rim must be
a millimetre to a fermi and superstring at conceived as identical to its 'innermost'
a TeV. Phys Lett B 436: 257-63, 1998. center, and argues Fudjack, this is because
Donald MJ. Quantum theory and the consciousness is similarly structured. To
brain. Proc R Soc Lond A427: 43-93, 1990. Greene this sounded like the structure of
Flanagan B. Are Perceptual Fields string theory where infinitely large radii are
Quantum Fields? Informacao e Cognicao 3 physically equivalent to zero length radii. I
(2), 2001. decided to look to physics for help with my
Godfroid IO. Psychiagenia: mind and brain personality models. I ended up using Tony
through superstrings. Int J Smith's physics model rather than Brian
Neuropsychophamacol 5 (Suppl 1): S195, Greene's. The reason for this is that Smith's
2002. model is based on the A-D-E series
Godfroid IO. Psychiagenia: a gauge theory progression. D3, for example, has a root
for the mind-brain problem. vector polytope with 12 bivectors in 3
Neuroquantology, in press. dimensions. This was my circumplex model
Randall L, Sundrum R. An alternative to in a nutshell. For Smith, D3 created a "Segal
compactification. Phys Rev Lett 83: 4690- Conformal Gravity". But why did I have
3, 1999. three D3s? Well, when one goes up the food
Rocha AF, Pereira Jr A, Coutinho FAB. N- chain to D4-D5-E6, one finds a curious
methyl-D-aspartate channel and property known as triality supersymmetry.
consciousness: from signal coincidence to For Greene, triality creates a one to one
quantum computing. Prog Neurobiol 64: correspondence between bosons and
555-73, 2001. fermions while for Smith it creates a
supersymmetry between spacetime and the
Is the mandala mind a sign of string matter-antimatter fermions. But why was I
theory in action? John Gonsowski seeing this triality down at the D3 level? In
<jcgonsowski@yahoo.com>. a sci.physics.rese arch conversation (which
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is also now at Smith's website), Smith level brain function (it is more than just
explained to me a way to see triality neurons) and removes subjective
down at the D3 level. It was related to experience from the grip of mysterians,
the process of why we perceive four and pan-psychists and representationalists,
not more spacetime dimensions. Going to conferring on it the same mature
D4, Smith gets the negative and positive epistemological status as “mass” and
color/electroweak bosons while I get the “charge”. It provides a basic guide for the
introversion-extraversion Jungian fourth general selective control of the 'qualia' for
personality dimension. D5 gives Smith a given 'sense'. It predicts current lowest
real plus imaginary spacetime dimensions level sensory cortex brain structure ('the
while I get the first and second Jungian little inhibitory loop'), provides some clues
quaternities that were superimposed on for neuroscientists to look for detailed
my D3 Enneagram circumplex (I also get supporting evidence and is also consistent
the fifth factor of the five factor model). with system-level brain pathology
E6 gives Smith matter and antimatter (blindsight, tinitus, depression etc).
while I get the two non-Enneagram Implications for artificial intelligence and
circumplexes. E7 and E8 give Smith connectionists are also reviewed. As a
bosonic strings while I get structures that complete model it based on one postulate
map down to the recognizable personality it has no need of 'proto-consciousness',
dimensions. I detail these A-D-E series although it has identified a candidate for an
structures in a December, 2001 paper equivalent, which is an interesting part of
(http://www.tap3x.net/EMBTI/j5gonsows the model.
ki.html).
Stability as a criterion to detect tachyons.
Metamatter and mind. Colin Hales The matter-mind continuum: Exploring
<colin@versalog.com.au> (Versalog the Sankhya Paradigm in Indian
Systems P/L (Private Company)). philosophy. Syamala Hari
This proposal, as a skeptical review of <shymalahari@att.com> (Axis Staffing LLC).
a quantum mechanical basis for Tachyons may not be hypothetical as
consciousness, does away with the need they are often described. They may be
for quantum mechanical explanations by ingredients of thought processes in the
supplying a detailed physical alternative human brain although they violate causality
based on non-quantum physics. Recent or because they do so. If a theory which is
quantum mechanical solutions to the trying to explain thought processes includes
“hard problem” are microscale and space-like states and if further, certain
mostly centered on quantum computing parameters associated with those states are
within the neural cytoskeletal volume. observed repeatedly in experiments, then it
Using the principle of emergent is possible that the space-like states are
phenomena, this new proposal looks indeed stable. They need not be dismissed
outward at a possible physical solution at as nonphysical because they are non-causal
cellular/extra-cellular scales. An all- but may be regarded as evidence of
preconceptions-aside review of the involvement of tachyons in the observed
nature of matter and reality is process. Acausality of tachyons is
undertaken which results in one interpreted by some researchers as the
particular proposed new theorem. That ability to convey information about the
Despite being just a new way of looking future to the objects they interact with.
at existing matter, it delivers surprising Interestingly, it is our experience that a
predictive clarity in brain person’s present actions almost always,
implementation. The process upgrades depend upon the “desire” to be in a certain
the existing computational model for low future state and therefore on the
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information about the future state (unlike physicists (such as John A. Wheeler – “It
any lifeless physical system. So tachyons from bit”). We enter a universe confined by
in the brain might be supplying this a process boundary (as opposed to a
information about the future to brain physical boundary) that may allow a change
cells. of condition or exchange with another
EEG is a known mechanism, which universe having other processes. Feynman
provides data indicating different might agree that this is a process boundary
psychological conditions of a human by virtue of the “Character of Physical
being. Interestingly, a recently developed Law” true for this dimension. The nature of
theory relates EEG frequencies to space- process is expressed by the most
like vacuum states of a Sine-Gordon fundamental law of all – that which is exists
equation (SG) in one dimension. In the does so in terms of what it is not. Our
neighborhood of space-like vacuum dimension as object is in terms of what it is
states, the SG approaches the Klein- not – either other dimensions with different
Gordon equation for tachyons (KGT). This parameters or “nothingness”. Process not
paper points out that the KGT does only is the foundation for binary existence
possess stable but non-causal solutions but also might be considered analogous to
for small input perturbations. Therefore Aristotle’s “substratum” underpinning all of
the observed EEG frequencies associated what we think of as reality (e.g.,
with the tachyonic states indeed Whitehead).
correspond to stable solutions and may be What we can understand,
considered as evidence of the occurence phenomenologically, is bounded by our
of these states in the brain. capacity to measure. Our scientific
understanding relies upon our ability to
Deep change and the origins of time. conceptualize and verify by observation.
Scott Hitchcock But the boundary parameter set by the
<hitchco4@pilot.msu.edu>. character of process determines the
The connection between 'time' and ultimate measurement limit. We may be
consciousness is explored by introduction able some day to discern that smallest
of the concept of a T-computer in the inflection of space-time, thus apprehending
context of neural network information fundamental process. However, now we
processing systems such as those involved paradoxically are forced to discern its
in the brain. The 'problem of time' can be deductive nature by inductive reasoning,
solved by this approach but leaves us thus knowing something probabilistically.
with a deeper 'problem of change'. We may say, then, this indiscernible
This is an extension of my previous abstract is the Real, and what we take to
work at: be real revealed by our “contaminated”
http://www.msu.edu/~hitchco4/ (Heisenberg) measurements is abstract. The
Real consists of that which is and the
The most fundamental law of the underpinning of our dimension. The
ontology of consciousness. Jeremy smallest entity, as the smallest inflection of
Horne <jhorne18@cox.net> (RhinoCorps, space-time, forms the basis of that which is
Ltd.), Arianne Bahnson-Palmer. constructed and populates our dimension
Philosophers, especially those in (quarks, atoms, molecules, you, me, and
science, attempt to discern the smallest even ideas). Yet, that which is constructed
in terms of an object, such as a may be altered. Whatever is alterable is
subatomic particle. However, the process abstract and “contaminated” by the means
of repeated Cartesian subdivision takes us of constructing it. What is unchangeable is
to a different and binary world. This is a Real, and that Real is process operating on
world seen by philosophers like Hesiod to the dimensional boundary. Indeed,
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(Chopra Center for Well Being), Deepak he/she was not stimulated. Subjects whose
Chopra (Chopra Center for Well Being). test results reached p values < 0.01 in any
Purpose: The purpose of this study of the three statistical tests were
was to determine whether brain considered to provide evidence of a
activation triggered by a visual stimulus correlated brain signal associated with their
in one subject of a pair could be detected sending partner’s flicker condition.
in the unstimulated member of the pair Results: Results differed on all 3
when subjects were physically and statistical tests. Of the 16 subjects tested,
sensory isolated from each other. 5 subjects showed significantly higher brain
Methods: Simultaneous digitized EEG activation associated to the sender's flicker
were recorded from 8 pairs of healthy condition in the alpha spectrum test (p <
human adult subjects using a 0.01) while 3 of those pairs were able to
"sender/receiver" paradigm. All subjects replicate the results. For the Runs test, 2
had undergone training in Primordial subjects showed significantly higher brain
Sound Meditation (PSM) and followed a activation associated to the sender's flicker
meditation protocol for 30 days previous condition (p < 0.01) and only 1 subject
to the experimental sessions. Pairs were showed significantly higher brain activation
tested in three consecutive visits. Each of associated to the sender's flicker condition
those visits included 2 sessions in which (p < 0.01) for the Amplitude/Variance test.
both members alternated roles as Discussion: These EEG results indicate
"sender" and "receiver." During each that in some pairs of healthy subjects a
session, the sender was presented with a signal can be detected in the brain of a
series of six alternating stimulus-on and physically and sensory isolated member of
stimulus-off conditions. The stimulus-on the pair when the other member is visually
condition consisted of a flickering black stimulated. The fact that correlated
and white checkerboard pattern signals were found by all three statistical
presented at the rate of 1 per second. tests indicates that signal transfer
The stimulus-off condition consisted of a phenomena may not strictly involve the
static checkerboard pattern. Receiver transfer of visual evoked potentials (VEP's).
EEG data collected during the stimulus- Although these data represent a rigorous
off condition were used to construct a demonstration of correlated event related
within-subject control statistic by which potentials between human brains at a
to compare EEG data collected from the distance, further replication is warranted
receiver during the sender’s flicker to assert the nature and extent of these
condition. Data were analyzed using anomalous findings.
three statistical techniques that were
sensitive to three different activation Is quantum improving the consciousness
measurements. An alpha spectrum test problem? Martin Lukac
was used to identify changes in alpha <lukacm@ece.pdx.edu> (Portland State
power in the receiver's brain that may be University, Portland, Oregon, USA), Marek
correlated to the sender's flickering Perkowski.
condition. A runs test was applied to Recently a new paradigm was brought
compare EEG ‘hits’ in the receiver’s EEG into the consciousness search. This paper
that would correlate to the sender’s explore what is the improvement brought
flicker condition. An amplitude/variance by this paradigm and points out any until
algorithm was applied to determine now known methods to simulate or explore
whether brain activation during the pre- consciousness are ill situated. No the other
selected 80-180 msec interval in the hand quantum theory brought a possibility
receiver was higher when the sender was of physical basis for consciousness more
visually stimulated compared to when than any other previously used paradigm.
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solution to the hard problem of Human ordinates Xk for space and imaginary co-
Consciousness by identifying ordinate X4= iCt for time and consider
Consciousness as the place and the means Lawrence’s transformations…” (W. Pauli.
by which the Wave function of the Works on Quantum Theory. M. “Nauka”,
Universe collapses and gets 1977, see article “About Mathematical
supersymmetrically reproduced into its Matrix Theory Of Dirak”, p. 5, “Lawrence’s
Particle function. In other words, our Transformations of Dirak’s Wave
Consciousness creates the Universe by Functions”, p. 233). The phrase “as usual”
transforming the Wave function into the can be considered here as a kind of a witty
Particle function. intellectual provocation, which means that
Theory also offers a solution to the the above-mentioned procedure can be
easy problems of Consciousness by performed not “as usual”, but in “an
identifying eight Sensory/Function organs unusual way”. But how? It is not difficult to
within a human being. Sensory/Function say: we try to maintain the material co-
organs are the mechanisms that connect ordinate for time and consider 3 spatial co-
Consciousness to the environment and ordinates imaginary. Then Minkowsky’s
form structural organization of the four-dimensional pseudoeuclidean
Consciousness. Each Sensory/Function continuum will transform into some unusual
organ is equipped with its own Bottom- variety, which we shall call “Quaternion
Up/Top-Down information-processing time-space”.
paradigm that forms its own The appearance of the term
neurological/psychological vector. Neural “quaternion” here is evident: it is easier to
networks of each Sensory/Function organ present 4 numbers, expressing co-ordinates
possess distinct information processing (one material, three – imaginary) as
algorithms that correspond to the nature quaternion. But quaternion is algebraic
of the environmental stimuli (light, numbers, and four-dimensional space-time
sound, etc) that each Sensory/Function is continuum. If it is so, are there enough
organ evolved to process. Neural reasoning to make them correspondent? We
networks of all eight Sensory/Function shall try to answer this question later and
organs form a flexible multilevel for the present we shall consider
biochemical marketplace of Conscious, quaternion time-space as some pure logical
Subconscious and Unconscious drafts. construction, which can be seen as a whole
These drafts dynamically reflect an and analyzed in particular. It is also
individual’s environment and compete for important to mention that the term
neural resources (attention, memory, “space” in modern science is not connected
etc) depending on the goals that this any more with distance measuring, and
person pursues in this particular nothing disturbs us to make a four-
environment. dimensional space, where a measure in [t]
is put on the axis. But as time is of physical
Numbers in Space 1. Transformation of character, which reflects the important
four-dimensional space-time into aspect of reality, not formal mathematical
quaternion time-space. 2. Rotation as a qualities of the made-up construction, but
kind of motion, non-reduced to its physical interpretation will be of
rectilinear one. 3. Non-interrupted greatest interest to us in this article.
continuum and varieties of numbers. Thus we have a four-dimensional
Pavel V. Polyan <polyan2002@mail.ru> variety, where the material axis is pure
(Krasnoyarsk State Univerersity). time, and the rest three ones are spatial
One of the Wolfgang Pauli’s scientific co-ordinates transformed into imaginary
texts begins with a remarkable phrase: temporal axes. While building Minkowsky’s
“Let us introduce, as usual, material co- four-dimensional pseudoeuclidean
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continuum, all the co-ordinates were divided into 2 “π” – h/2π). I believe that is
measured in [x] as a result of true, that quaternion time-space is a
multiplication of a temporal co-ordinate mathematical expression of the real aspect
and co-efficient C which is velocity of of microphysical reality, where the
light [m/s]. That is why in our quaternion constant S = h/e2 measured in [s/m] is as
time-space a ‘one-measurement’ is important as velocity of light for
achieved in analogical way: Multiplication Minkowsky’s four-dimensional continuum.
of imaginary spatial co-ordinates and
some co-efficient S, measured in [s/m]. Using the Quantum Mind Theory For
One can say that it is ‘the reverse multidimensional visualization. Denis
velocity of light’, but it is not. The Perevalov <perevalovds@mail.ru> (Ural
reverse velocity of light 1/c, as real State University).
physical quantity cannot be an unknown The classical psychological theory
co-efficient, while the scale of reverse claims that human brain cannot directly
velocities is irregular. In classical notion perceive geometrical objects of four and
velocity is a ratio, where the numerator more dimensions because our eyes deal
is the distance segment, and the with 3D structures only.
denominator is time period, time as Using the quantum mind theory, it
independent variable quantity. Then seems possible to create techniques for
dealing with ‘reverse velocity’, where the loading high-multidimensional objects into
numerator and the denominator exchange the brain. In work we study this possibility.
their places, there appears not only new, Within the quantum mind theory, one
but also irregular measuring scale: 1[m/s] can imagine the process of visual
= 1[s/m], 2[m/s] = 1/2 [s/m], 3 [m/s] = perception like the hyperparallel processing
1/3 [s/m], 4 [m/s] = 1/4 [s/m], etc. It on huge array of the visual images. The
seems that due to this reason quaternion array is constructing during the perception
time-space cannot be analogue of the phase inside the brain. The hypothesis:
four-dimensional continuum. But it easy under special conditions, its possible to
to find the way out, if we do not consider replace inner array to a set of images which
S to be ‘reverse velocity’, but some co- we want. And more, the brain can process
efficient measured in [s/m]. it and extract necessary information.
Let us turn from mathematics to What happens if we push there the set
physics. If co-efficient C in Minkowsky’s of images which consists of the two-
pseudoeuclidean continuum is a concrete dimensional slices of given object, lying in
physical quantity – velocity of light, n-dimensional euclidean space?
which has in different measurement- We believe that the brain will process it
system concrete numerical realization, in and extract geometrical informantion like
our quaternion time-space co-efficient S connectedness, convexity, curvature,
must be some physical constant quantity, existence of holes in the object.
different in itself from velocity of light, Its unknown, can the brain fuse slices
but having a measurement [s/m]- a into whole model of object, or just check
reverse one to the measurement of some slices for getting answer. But we can
velocity. We can offer a combination of prove, the set of slices is sufficient for
constant h/e2 to suit this new constant, both.
where h is Plank’s constant, and e is the How one can push huge set of images
charge of an electron. It is well known into the brain? Obviously, special
that this combination as well as C is techniques of visualization is needed.
included in the expression of the non- We had developed computer system for
measured constant of thin structure 1/• = slices visualization. The system use speed,
•C/e2 = 137. 0306… (• is Plank’s constant noncontinuous rendering and stroboscope
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effect for showing all the object's slices or conditions from which universe(s) is
in short time. emerged.
Unfortunately, no positive results As energy is is separated into different
about "hyperperception" were obtained time lines, total energy is equal to no. of
yet. time frames,which will be decreased to
Despite negative results, the mentioned only one the moment collective
ideas seem well promised. consciousness satisfies the conditions at the
If our ideas will be realized, the creation of universe (s).An ever expanding
system of multidimensional visualization universe is the only solution for this.Thus
will help to the topologists to see indicating consciousness as physical
threedimensional manifolds (which benchmark.
mainly did not realizable in 3D space) and
to solve famous Poincare's conjecture. The map of the mind. Bill Potter
And of course this will give additional <billpotter@uq.net.au> (Australian Centre
scores to the quantum mind theory. for Consciousness).
The Map of The Mind is an integrative
References model of consciousness which provides
1. S. Hameroff, Quantum computation in insights into the concepts of self and
brain microtubules? The Penrose- physical and psychical awareness. The
Hameroff "Orch OR" model of relational axes of the map are space, time,
consciousness. Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. reason and emotion, the primary ordering
London (A) 356:1869-1896 (1998). principles of conscious experience. The self
and the brain are at the origin of these
2. D.S. Perevalov, P.A. Vasev, On axes, the ground reference point for
Development of Methods of individual consciousness.
Multidimensional Visualization. Proc. of The region between the space and time
12-th Int. Conf. on Comp. Graphics axes represents physical awareness, the
"GraphiCon" Nizhny Novogorod 431-437 extrinsic aspect of consciousness and that
(2002). between reason and emotion represents
psychical awareness, the intrinsic aspect of
consciousness. The concepts of these
Time is energy where consciousness is regions grow out of our extrinsic and
regarded as physical benchmark. intrinsic perception respectively. Those
Amarjeeth Pinnamaneni furtherest from the self are the most theory
<jeeth_p@yahoo.com> (Andhra laden and most removed from our
University, Visakhapatnam, India). immediate perception.
Matter which has a tendency to reach Thus the notion of an object is that
lowest energy levels is governed by laws which has only spatial extension and of an
of particular time frame.consciousness event that which has only temporal
has the capacity to transcend through extension. However the theory laden
different time frames. Because energy concepts of particle and wave are viewed in
transfers from high energy level to low Quantum Physics as complementary aspects
energy level we have to select more of physical phenomena, and space and time
energy time line.This selection by are viewed as a unified manifold in
consciousness itself makes low energy Relativity Theory.
lines to move in the same direction of our Similarly facts are considered to have
line.This can be easily done by collective only rational significance and values are
Consciousness with much discretion.So considered to have only emotional
we have to move to be governed by laws significance. However research in
Neurophysiology and Anthropology is
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showing that thought and feeling are describes the basic rules according to which
complementary aspects of psychical the universe functions then it must apply to
phenomena and reason and emotion the mind as well, as long as we consider the
constitute a unified framework in latter a part of the universe. Thinking
Information Theory. historically, the Schroedinger equation is a
The map reveals further insights into product of the mind, not vice versa. On the
the nature of consciousness. For other hand, the mind cannot reveal its own
example, the focus of the left hand blueprint, because, if it could, it would be
region of the map is static and causal to itself, which is impossible, as long
characterized by structure. The focus of as we adhere to our traditional concept of
the right hand region is dynamic and causality, which is the only one we have.
characterized by process. The congruence Thus, the Schroedinger equation does not
and resonance between the upper and causally apply to the mind, although it does
lower halves of the map suggest a apply to the universe, or the functioning of
transformal relationship between the the mind.
intrinsic and extrinsic. What follows is that the concepts and
This transformal relationship is algorithms of QM describe the mind,
clearly evidenced in the concepts of neither the brain nor physics - or, at least
entropy and information which were not necessarily so - where "describe" has to
initially developed independently in be understood as the process of attaching
physical and psychical contexts the best attribute possible to phenomenal
respectively. Subsequently, their reality. The process of attributing, and the
mathematical definitions were shown to forms of the attributes, i.e. the natural
be identical save for a change of sign. laws and constants, describe the mind, not
The ontological status of energy in Nature. Therefore a functional paradigm is
scientific theory provides the conceptual needed that by itself comprises this
basis for explaining this relationship functioning. It is to be valued by its
between the intrinsic and the extrinsic. capability to explain and predict the
Energy is the link between the matter of attributes or parameters the mind has
physical awareness and the substance of tagged or will be tagging Nature with. The
psychical awareness. Hence The Map of "deepest" or "highest" achievements or
The Mind supports the view that a theory insights the mind has accomplished need to
unifying the psychical and the physical is be part of the model. Therefore, the issue
possible with the concepts of energy and of creating this paradigm is equivalent to
information playing central explanatory integrating the Schroedinger equation as
roles. the highest achievement the mind has
mustered so far into one. Not before we
Modelling cognition using Schroedinger's succeed in building a paradigm of cognition
cat. Walter Ratjen <wratjen@uni- that functionally integrates the
bremen.de> (University of Bremen, Schroedinger equation can we maintain to
Germany). have reached the status of the scientific
Two interpretations compete as to study of the mind.
the philosophy of QM, namely, whether to The paradigm used by this author to get
take Psi to be an algorithm that has this accomplished is the one of the
proven to hold sway under any condition Schroedinger Cat as revised by Roger
of empirical testing, and nothing more, Penrose (in "Shadows", 1994). That
or, in addition, to describe physical paradigm of a Hermetic space that permits
reality. for uncertainty but excludes error is used to
What does this imply for the study of describe cognition mathematically,
the mind? If the Schroedinger equation integrating the Schroedinger equation
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functionally, and applying this paradigm processing network, which would decide on
to cognition instead of physics. the resultant action of the cell.
This approach is a synopsis of the My future research will aim to create a
theories of Reinhard Olivier (Bonn, model of cytoskeletal information
Germany, Dept. of Mathematics), Roger processing based on the structure of the
Penrose, and Otto E. Rossler (Tubingen, paramecium. In order to focus on the
Germany, Dept. of Theoretical development of cytoskeletal functioning,
Chemistry), all three of which refer to the simulation of overall cell functionality
gravity as their cornerstone, although in would require significant simplification.
different ways. The synopsis is This would entail omission of some or all of
accomplished by transforming Penrose's the following functionality, which might be
Cat into a virtual reality. If the latter is considered to be non-critical to the
found to correctly predict cognition, processing system: respiration, metabolism,
provided a mathematical form of gravity growth and genetic inheritance. The
is inherent in the form it was constructed existence of such cell characteristics could
by, then we can say to have discovered still be implied in the model, but would not
this very form, and, by the way, to have be simulated to any great level of detail.
eliminated time, or evolution, from the Ideally, the completed work would be a
progress of science. virtual adult paramecium cell that would
respond to pseudo-infrared stimulation, and
Paramecium-based cytoskeletal potentially other forms of stimulation, in a
information processing model. Barry virtual environment. The primary goal,
Ridge <nous@dna.ie> (Nous Research), however, is to successfully emulate
Sean O Nuallain. microtubule processing of generic
The paramecium, the most complex stimulation which would form the basis for
of all protists, has long been observed to modeling of the entire cell. Major
exhibit intelligent behavior. Using the considerations for subsequent development
cilia on the surface of it’s body to would include cell motility, mitosis,
maneuver, it searches for food, it reproduction and adherence to realistic
sexually reproduces, it avoids obstacles physical laws.
and it fires tiny darts at enemies, all In such a model, given the nature of
without the benefit of a nervous system. present resources, it will not be feasible to
However, like all eukaryotes, it does extend past the tubulin detail level, but it
contain a cytoskeletal network which is hoped that this will not be to the
many believe to be the key to it’s curious detriment of the overall goals.
behavior. It has been hypothesized that a If successful, the academic
pair of centrioles in the centrisome of ramifications of this project would be two-
protists such as the paramecium may act fold. Firstly, neural models would be shown
as a cellular ‘eye’, by which the organism to be non-essential and potentially
would recognise infrared pulses from redundant in the development of non-
other protists. These pulses, which are symbolic artificial intelligence. Secondly, it
thought to be generated by mitochondria, would further ratify the Orch-OR model of
would be picked up by the two centrioles, quantum consciousness by showing that
which would use both their shape and microtubules can indeed be used to process
relative positions, as well as the blind- information, albeit without the quantum
like nature of their bunched microtubules element. The project will be developed
to isolate the direction and possibly the with extensibility in mind. The possibility of
distance of the signals. These signals linking such software to future quantum
would subsequently be relayed to the computers is a long-term, esoteric
proposed cytoskeletal information-
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mechanics. Avtar Singh the GNM, which shows that the widely
<avsingh@epri.com>. accepted and tested classical formulation
The observed spontaneity or of gravity can also explain the observed
consciousness in nature, specifically the gravitational effects at or below quantum
spontaneous decay of particles, has been scales.
mathematically described in this work to
formulate a Gravity Nullification model Spiritual consciousness: Causality and
(GNM) that integrates a Modified Theory reality. Paul Skinner
of Relativity, spontaneity that allows <pskinner@u.arizona.edu> (University of
transformation of mass, energy, space Arizona).
and time to satisfy the laws of Apparently the Quantum Wave Collapse
conservation and classical gravity into emerges from fundamental (quantum) mind
one simple model. Gravity Nullification and consciousness, and probability, via
Model (GNM) provides the missing physics "mind and matter" through observation and
in the theory of relativity to explain the measurement. Such a "collapse" presumably
fundamental relationship between space, precedes matter and brain to establish an
time, mass and energy. Some "observer created reality." Is this science or
fundamental assumptions in the is it magic? Is this reality or is it illusion?
Einstein’s specific theory of relativity are Critical examination of this process reveals
reinterpreted or modified to provide that observation and measurement may
answers or explanation to existing actually "collapse" the Q Wave into illusions
paradoxes of science including classical rather than reality. This conclusion can be
physics, quantum mechanics and tested directly and verified experientially.
cosmology. Using this model a Thus one may ask, "Is locality or non-
mathematical relationship is derived locality reality?" Which is illusion? Which is
relating the wavelength of a particle reality?
mass and velocity as a substitute for the
famous de Broglie equation. Observed EEG evidence of neural signal transfer
non-locality and effective speed of light between distant subjects who have
are explained using GNM. undergone primordial sound meditation
A physical understanding of the inner (PSM) training. Leanna Standish.
workings of Quantum Mechanics is <ljs@bastyr.edu> (Bastyr University
developed using GNM. The Heisenberg’s Research Institute), Leila Kozak, (Bastyr
uncertainty is revisited and reformulated University Research Institute), L. Clark
using relativistic formulations of the Johnson, (NeuroResearch Services), Todd
GNM. Paradoxes of quantum mechanics Richards, (NeuroResearch Services),
such as the observer paradox (the Heather King, (Bastyr University Research
collapse of the wave-function, non- Institute), Marilyn Schlitz, (Institute of
locality, quantum entanglement, Noetic Sciences), David Simon, (Chopra
formation and behavior of Bose-Einstein Center for Well Being), Deepak Chopra,
condensates, particle spin etc. are (Chopra Center for Well Being).
explained using the GNM physical models. Purpose: The purpose of this study was
The theory of parallel universes widely to determine whether brain activation
accepted by scientists to explain the triggered by a visual stimulus in one subject
inner workings of quantum mechanics is of a pair could be detected in the
explained in terms of the relativistic unstimulated member of the pair when
parameters within the framework of the subjects were physically and sensory
GNM. isolated from each other.
Effects of gravity at quantum and Methods: Simultaneous digitized EEG
classical scales have been evaluated using were recorded from 8 pairs of healthy
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human adult subjects using a spectrum test (p < 0.01) while 3 of those
"sender/receiver" paradigm. All subjects pairs were able to replicate the results. For
had undergone training in Primordial the Runs test, 2 subjects showed
Sound Meditation (PSM) and followed a significantly higher brain activation
meditation protocol for 30 days previous associated to the sender's flicker condition
to the experimental sessions. Pairs were (p < 0.01) and only 1 subject showed
tested in three consecutive visits. Each of significantly higher brain activation
those visits included 2 sessions in which associated to the sender's flicker condition
both members alternated roles as (p < 0.01) for the Amplitude/Variance test.
"sender" and "receiver." During each Discussion: These EEG results indicate
session, the sender was presented with a that in some pairs of healthy subjects a
series of six alternating stimulus-on and signal can be detected in the brain of a
stimulus-off conditions. The stimulus-on physically and sensory isolated member of
condition consisted of a flickering black the pair when the other member is visually
and white checkerboard pattern stimulated. The fact that correlated signals
presented at the rate of 1 per second. were found by all three statistical tests
The stimulus-off condition consisted of a indicates that signal transfer phenomena
static checkerboard pattern. Receiver may not strictly involve the transfer of
EEG data collected during the stimulus- visual evoked potentials (VEP's). Although
off condition were used to construct a these data represent a rigorous
within-subject control statistic by which demonstration of correlated event related
to compare EEG data collected from the potentials between human brains at a
receiver during the sender?s flicker distance, further replication is warranted
condition. Data were analyzed using to assert the nature and extent of these
three statistical techniques that were anomalous findings.
sensitive to three different activation
measurements. An alpha spectrum test Consciousness and the Measurement
was used to identify changes in alpha Problem of Quantum Mechanics. Michael
power in the receiver's brain that may be Steiner <mjs@radar.nrl.navy.mil> (11911
correlated to the sender's flickering Gordon Ave., Beltsville MD).
condition. A runs test was applied to The interaction of two independent
compare EEG “hits” in the receiver’s EEG quantum systems A and B is treated
that would correlate to the sender’s quantum mechanically in terms of
flicker condition. An amplitude/variance Schrödinger's equation. We assume that A is
algorithm was applied to determine a large system of particles and that B is
whether brain activation during the pre- composed of a single particle or is
selected 80-180 msec interval in the otherwise small. The interaction is then
receiver was higher when the sender was considered with regard to conscious
visually stimulated compared to when physical processes. When it is assumed that
he/she was not stimulated. Subjects system A is a conscious process and
whose test results reached p values < becomes aware of system B through an
0.01 in any of the three statistical tests interaction, it is proven that the mechanics
were considered to provide evidence of a that govern the interaction cannot
correlated brain signal associated with generally have occurred according to
their sending partner’s flicker condition. Schrödinger's equation and hence a
Results: Results differed on all 3 different process must be involved.
statistical tests. Of the 16 subjects Furthermore it is rigorously shown that
tested, 5 subjects showed significantly under fairly general conditions, systems of
higher brain activation associated to the particles that interact in agreement with
sender's flicker condition in the alpha Schrödinger's equation cannot be conscious.
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This effectively rules out single particle activities of the brain are registered and
quantum systems exhibiting substantial measured by EEG-spectralanalysis: the
consciousness. Consciousness apparently frequencies of EEG-signals from different
is at least a mesoscopic multi-particle locations were analysed by fast-Fourier-
phenomenon. Moreover, it is shown that transformation (FFT) separating their
consciousness either 1) contains a partial portions and presented as a
particular property or 2) is precisely that chronospectrogram. Thus very high time-
property, which is responsible for the related resolution is attained providing
measurement process. It is conjectured informations about subconscious emotions
that consciousness contains a particular and reactions.
property as opposed to being that In this CAVE 7 healthy persons have
property. That is, consciousness is been monitored by EEG-spectralanalysis for
symptomatic of the property. The evaluation of psychic effects of virtual 3D
particular property of matter that may be geometric structures on the brain. The
responsible for the measurement process, chosen structure was a mathematically
and for which conscious systems contain constructed pyramid, consisting of small
this property, is discussed. light lines in front of a black background.
Height and location of pyramid was
Virtual reality causing EEG-alterations. changed by the software giving the
Hendrik Treugut <h.treugut@t-online.de> impression of movement relative to the
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Energetische pyramid within the CAVE. We chose a
und Informationsmedizin e.V. energy pyramid about 6 meter high and movements
medicine (DGEIM), G.Haffelder (Institut up and down, ahead and back. The person
für Kommunikation u. Gehirnforschung, was seated in the middle of the CAVE,
Stuttgart), A. Roessler (ICIDO GmbH, connected to the EEG, the eyes completely
Stuttgart). covred by a mask and the pyramid moved.
A combination of a special type of The setting in the CAVE was monitored
EEG (EEG-spectralanalysis) and CAVE, a from outside.
special type of VR was used looking for There were significant alterations in the
possible interactions between mind and EEG synchronous to the movement of the
virtual reality (VR). pyramid: while there was normal brain
The Competence Center Virtual activity during steady movement a specific
Reality at the Fraunhofer Institute for pattern appeared when the direction of the
Industrial Engineering (IAO) in movement was changed or when it started
Stuttgart/Germany has created a or stopped. Similar alterations showed up in
combination of hard- and software for a another very specific situation: when the
3D visualisation system to be used as a 3D head of the person penetrates the virtual
workplace (CAVE). The core of the 3D surface of the pyramid.
visualisation is a virtual reality-software EEG alterations consisted of very short
system which combines the relevant data interruptions of normal brain activity
with projection and interaction devices bihemispherically and the appearance of a
to a real time application. Digital mock- new pattern during a few milliseconds
ups and processes present clear and vivid (attention syndrome) with total decrease of
in a quasi holographic quality, thus alpha-activity, partial decrease of delta-
avoiding the disadvantages of these activity and localized increase of specific
systems, the lack of an object, and frequencies in the theta-segment.
enable interactive and stereoscopic The observations demonstrate the
presentation. ability of human brain to perceive events in
In the Institut für Kommunikation und a surrounding virtual reality without using
Gehirnforschung in Stuttgart/Germany physiological senses of the body. The
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positive reinforcement of the intention and Pranic Healing, etc. emphasize the
on health. This new concept of self- beneficial effect of the ‘intentional touch’
regulation sheds new light on mind and on health. Despite the fact that the
immunity, that what we think and feel quantity of photon emission is considered
and visualize have biological negligible to attain biological relevance,
consequences that can promote healing. any influence of intention on photon
There is a consistent increase in the emission can be seen as a qualitative
evidences of the efficacy of certain variation of photon emission that might
treatments piling up in the field of mind- account for such effects. Qualitative
body medicine. However, mind-body variations can be attributed towards
medicine pays relatively less attention to quantum character of photon emissions.
the possibility that people can Preliminary results of ultraweak photon
consciously and deliberately use thoughts emission (biophoton) from the human hand
and images to influence their own and are gathered from 10 subjects, who are
other’s physiology and health. It pays intentionally trying to influence photon
much more attention to (seems almost emission from their right hand. Results
preoccupied with) the neurochemical indicate strong correlation between
effects and biochemical basis of these intention and photon emission.
emotions. Nevertheless, if a person can
exert some control over physiology and Reference:
health simply by telling the body what to 1).Popp, F. A. et al. (1988), Biophoton
do, then this act, – one might say role of emission. A multi author review.
mind/intention is theoretically and Experientia, 88, p.543 –600.
practically as important as the other 2).Van Wijk, R. et al. (1992), Biophoton
arguments. How important is it to use the emission, stress and disease. A multi author
mindful intentionality to influence one’s review. Experientia, 48, p. 1029-1102.
own health and influence the physiology 3).Van Wijk, R. (2001), Biophoton and Bio-
and health of other people? Living communication. Journal of Scientific
systems continuously emit photons of Exploration, Vol. 15, No.2, pp. 183-197.
ultraweak intensity within the optical
range from 200 to 800 nm. These are How Delineating Cosmological Structure
called biophotons. Biophotons are Leads to an Understanding of
characterized by their quantum character Consciousness. Jerry Wheatley
and are supposed to escape from <jerrydwheatley@yahoo.com>
coherent electromagnetic fields. Photon (Independent).
emission from living systems can be R.Penrose has stated consciousness
considered as stochastic point process. should be defined by the unification of
The ‘point process’ designates a quantum theory with relativity. H. Stapp
sequence of time at which event occurs. has intimated that the fundamental
In the Vitalistic approach to processes of nature lie outside space and
understanding living systems, biophotons time; i.e., that it is nonlocal. M.Kafatos
are seen as coherent states of modern supposes the undivided wholeness of reality
quantum optics. Even with low intensities is a quantum system. He figures the
biophoton emission provides an ideal non- ultimate principle will not be revealed via
invasive tool to explore living systems as mathematical physics. He links the Big Bang
a whole. In this respect it is interesting to singularity to the null set. L.Smolin
observe photon emissions from the hand mentions that the three contemporary
when a person is trying to influence it approaches to quantum gravity should unify
intentionally. Many ‘hands on therapies’ under a single principle. And, that the
like Reiki, Qi-gong, Therapeutic touch, principle should ultimately define reality as
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