SCIENCE 10
testes
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Testis- site of sperm cell
production
 Epididymis- Transports and
stores sperm cells
 Vas deferens- Transports
mature sperm cells to the
urethra
 Bulbourethral gland-
Lubricates the urethra and
neutralizes the acidity of
the urethra
 Prostate gland- Nourishes
the sperm cells and adds
additional fluid to the
semen
 Seminal Vesicle- Provides
energy for sperm through
the production of sugar
(fructose)
 Penis- Organ for sexual
intercourse
 Urethra- Carries urine from
the urinary bladder going
out from the body; it also
expels semen
 Scrotum- Protects the
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
INTERIOR PARTS
 Ovary- Produces egg
cells (ova), estrogen,
and progesterone
- Female Gonads
 Fallopian tube- Site of
fertilization of egg by
the sperm cell (8-13 cm
in length)
-Fimbria- Ends of the
fallopian tube lying next to
ovaries
 Uterus- Supports
pregnancy; when its
lining shed,
menstruation happens
- Fundus- upper portion of
the uterus where
pregnancy occurs
- Endometrium- thickens
during menstrual cycle to
allow implantation of a
fertilized egg
 Cervix- Allows flow of
menstrual blood from
the uterus into the
vagina and directs the
sperms into the uterus
during intercourse
- Cervical mucus-
lubrication and sperm
transport
EXTERIOR PARTS
 Vagina- Entrance of
the penis during sexual
intercourse;
passageway of the
birth of a baby
 Vulva- runs down from
pubic area down to
rectum
 Labia Majora- greater
lips, part of the vagina
containing two glands
which help in
lubrication
 Labia Minora- lesser
lips, thin ridges at the
entrance of the vagina
  Clitoris- small, pea- A. Brain- controls all actions
shaped structure. It (thinking, feeling,
plays an important part remembering) and
in sexual excitement responsible for the
NERVOUS SYSTEM function of all organs
 Forebrain/Cerebral
- Sensory Input Cortex- Mostly
- Integration made up of the
- Motor Output cerebrum (largest
part of brain)
Hemishperes -thinking and
problem solving
Left - has two
 Logic hemispheres, each
 Seeing divided into four
 Writing lobes:
 Speaking 1. Frontal Lobe- controls
 Computation personality, reasoning,
judgement and
Right coordinates voluntary
muscle movement and
 Creativity speech production
 Working 2. Temporal Lobe- involved in
 Drawing memory and emotion;
 Singing processes olfactory and
 Visualitzation auditory information
 Midbrain- to act as
Central Nervous System (CNS)- a sort of a relay
main control center station for our visual
and auditory
systems
1. Limbic system- also referred to
as our “emotional brain”. Found
buried within the cerebrum and
contains the thalamus,
hypothalamus amygdala, and
hippocampus
2. Thalamus- relays sensory
information between the spinal
cord and the cerebrum
3. Parietal lobe- involved in self-
awareness and processes
information regarding touch
4. Occipital lobe- processes
visual information
5. Hypothalamus- serves as the
control center for hunger, thirst,
pleasure, pain
6. Hippocampus- involves in
memory forming and in
organizing and storing
information.
7. Pituitary gland-serves as an
important link between the
nervous system and the
endocrine system. It releases
many hormones which affect
growth, metabolism, sexual
development, and the - Responsible for the Neuron- respond
reproductive system functions of all to stimuli and
 Hindbrain organs transmit signal
1. Cerebellum- “little brain”  Sensory Division-
because it is similar to the picks up sensory Glial cells (long
cerebrum with its 2 hemispheres stimuli part) -provides
and highly folded surface  Motor Division- support, nutrition,
(movement and balance) sends directions and help in
Paralysis- inability to move your from brain to signal
body muscles and glands transmission in
2. Brain stem- located beneath 1. Somatic/ the NVS
the limbic system. Responsible Voluntary Astrocytes (star-
for vital life functions such as NVS- Skeletal shape)-
breathing, heartbeat, and blood muscle exchange
pressure. Controls major part of movement material
body 2. Autonomic/In between
voluntary neurons and
B. Spinal Chord-Conducts NVS- capillaries
two-way signal to the heartbeat, Microglial cells
brain and the rest of the breathing (center part in
body (body alignment)  Symphatetic- astrocyte)-
-receives signal from Active immune defense
different parts of your  Parasympath- against invading
body etic division- microorganisms
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Relaxation Ependymal cells
(PNS)- Sends message to your PARTS OF
body NEURONS
- Controls all actions
Endocrine System  Ovary – produce
- makes hormones estrogen and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Hormones progesterone - contains the code for
- chemical signals  Testis – produce building an organism
Endocrine Gland testosterone - stores genetic information
- manufactures one or Nucleotides
more kinds of hormones Genetics- study of genes - small units that make up
 Hypothalamus – Gene-a sequence of DNA that DNA
control pituitary encodes for a particular protein Four different types of
gland Gregor Mendel- father of Nucleotides:
 Pituitary gland – genetics  Guanine (double ring
produce hormones Inheritance- how traits are structure)
 Parathyroid gland – passed from generation to  Adenine (double ring
regulate the level of generation structure)
calcium Chromosomes- made up of  Cytosine (single ring
 Thymus – simulates T- genes structure)
cell development -carries genetic information  Thymine (single ring
 Adrenal gland – Genetic Material structure)
release epinephrine - found inside nucleus of James Watson and Francis Crick
 Pineal gland – cell - published their DNA model
release melatonin  Genes Rosalind Franklin
 Thyroid – regulates  Chromosomes
- produced x-ray image of
metabolism  DNA
DNA
 Pancreas – produce Asexual Reproduction- one
DNA:
insulin parent
A=T
G=C

Replication
- DNA makes a copy itself
DNA Replication
- producing two identical
copies of DNA
- 50 nucleotide are added
every second
Events in DNA Replication:
1) DNA molecule must unzip
at the hydrogen bonds
2) Replication begins on
both strands of DNA
3) Free-floating nucleotide
pair up
4) Polymerase bonds
nucleotides together
5) Two identical double
strands (result)
Genetic Information
- stored in the sequence of
DNA
Translation- mRNA must be
transfer RNA (tRNA), and
ribosomes work together to
produce proteins
mRNA- carry information on
protein synthesis
tRNA (transfer RNA)- translation
of the genetic message carried
in mRNA into the amino acid
language of proteins also require
an interpreter
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)- forms part
of ribosome and works together
with mRNA and tRNA to translate
genetic information into proteins
DNA  RNA  Proteins
Protein- composed of amino
acid
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
- polymer of nucleotide
Transcription- copying of DNA
into RNA
RNA
T=A
U=A
G=C
C=G