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 Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems xx (20xx) x–xx 1
DOI:10.3233/JIFS-181577
IOS Press

1 Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent

2 method for prediction of multi-diseases

f
in rural area

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3

4 Sambit Satpathya∗ , M. Prakashb , Swapan Debbarmaa , Aditya S. Senguptac

and Bidyut K. Bhattacaryyad

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5

6
a Computer Science and Engineering, NIT Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, India
7
b Computer Science and Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering Tamil Nadu, India
8
c Electrical Engineering, NIT Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, India
d Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, India

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9

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10 Abstract. Nowadays there are lots of fatal diseases are growing at a rapid rate. We consider about four primary diseases like
11 jaundice, diabetes mellitus, yellow fever, and cholera. In this paper, we design a novel method with the help of fuzzy and FPGA
12 system for prediction multiple diseases in a rural area. Association rule mining technique helps to define fuzzy rules, which
13 implemented on both Spartan3-E and Artix-7 FPGA kit. Due to this implementation, it is easier to design a cost-effective and
14 portable system for multi-disease prediction. The innovation lies in design a low power FPGA and meticulousness method
for identification, prediction of four fatal diseases. The whole plan has tested on Xilinx and Cadence tool for generating RTL
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15

16 model and Layout design.

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17 Keywords: Fuzzy logic, medical diagnosis, association rule mining, Artix-7, FPGA
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18 1. Introduction Now a day fatal diseases are capital of the world. 30

These diseases are increasing in younger group with 31

19 During the last lustrum, medical field beheld a a significant threat to both male and female. We con- 32

20 remarkable development in research [1, 2]. Vari- sider four of them named jaundice, diabetes mellitus, 33

ous institutes and research laboratories formed an yellow fever and cholera, in which rural area peo-
co

21 34

22 inestimable amount of data. Need to develop more ple are mostly suffering [5, 6]. Disease caused due to 35

23 accessible, effectual techniques and approaches to less function of the liver and produced high bilirubin 36

24 analyze and epitomize the biomedical data. Analy- level in human body. The symptoms are yellowish 37
Un

25 sis of past data developed new theories, and these skin, liver and kidney; brain tends to damage. From 38

26 things are getting when made literature survey. The survey report in India, every one person from ten is 39

27 inevitability to isolate and process this wide range of suffering from diabetes mellitus. It is a metabolic dis- 40

28 data has helped to the research and development in order having signs of weight loss, thirst, heart stroke, 41

29 Data Mining [3, 4]. kidney disease. Yellow fever is a viral disease. Its 42

symptoms are fever, chills, abdominal pain, chances 43

∗ Corresponding
of liver damage, kidney problem [7]. 44
author. Sambit Satpathy, Computer Science
Lotfi Zadeh was introduced fuzzy set theory for 45
and Engineering, NIT Agartala, Jirania, Tripura, India. E-mail:
smbtpathy@gmail.com. solving the problem like yes or no, true or false [8]. 46

1064-1246/19/$35.00 © 2019 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
 2 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method

47 But the recent trend, fuzzy logic is a heart of problem- the parameters of the type-2 membership function. 96

48 solving in control system problem and meticulously Accuracy estimation applied to physiological param- 97

49 used in critical decision -making problems [9]. Try to eters like body mass index (BMI), glucose, urea, 98

50 implement fuzzy logic for defining all parameters of creatinine, systolic, diastolic pressure. Type -1 fuzzy 99

51 four diseases like jaundice, diabetes mellitus, yellow set is used to develop an FPGA based smart processor 100

52 fever and cholera and predict it before a patient will [14]. 101

53 critically suffer.
54 This paper is systematized as follows: Section

f
55 2, 3 pronounces literature survey and the dataset 3. Material and method 102

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56 respectively, which are used for design the predicted
57 method, the detailed analysis of four diseases and From survey report, it observed that 69% of the 103

58 what constraints we consider. Section 4 describes, total residents are in rural area and semi-rural area, 104

59 fuzzy rules define base on association rule mining, but 25% of full skilled doctors are present there. 105

60 passes the constraint value through weighted sum These things make doctor-patient ratio 1 : 4000, but 106

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61 algorithm and comparing the predicted value with in the urban area, its rate improves and comes to 107

62 doctors original report. Section 5 and 6 states FPGA 1 : 640 [15]. Above statistical data clarify, in India 108

63 implementation, power consumption comparison and availability of doctor is less and experience, qualified 109

64 layout design. doctors are few. We design a fuzzy and FPGA based 110

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method for detection and prediction of fatal disease. 111

Analysis purpose takes the medical data from Pima 112

65 2. Literature survey Indians, Physionet, world health organization (WHO) 113

[16, 17]. 114

66 Here are many works done by Chowdhury and Das The Fig. 1 consists of four main disease name 115
Au
67 on this research topic. Jaundice, diabetes mellitus, yellow fever, cholera, in 116

68 Chowdhury et al. 2008 designed a hardware sys- which rural area people are regularly suffering. We 117

69 tem, which has the capabilities of medical diagnosis. need some constrains of the given disease for its pre- 118

70 For fast design cycle, the method implemented in diction. Jaundice constrains are sbt, sbd, sgpt, Sgot 119

71 an FPGA chip. The whole system realized on Altera and urine. Diabetes mellitus constrains fasting sugar 120

cyclone FPGA board. The main aim behind the design level, sugar level after taking food, alpha hemoglobin.
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72 121

73 is to develop an inexpensive, portable system for rural Yellow fever parameters are IgG, IgM. Cholera dis- 122
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74 area application [10]. ease constrain is stool sample. 123

75 Chowdhury et al. 2008 develop an FPGA based Figure 2. Explain about the disease prediction 124

76 system for Spiro-metric data application. In this methodology, starting from medical database col- 125

77 system smart agent record data of the patient. Par- lection to layout design leading to product level 126

78 allel data processing architecture is using here for development. First collect the medical data of disease 127
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79 fast the computational speed. The whole system as mention above. Pass the constraints of illness to the 128

80 is tested on Altera cyclone EP1K6Q240C8 FPGA fuzzy system in which association rule mining defines 129

81 chip [11]. fuzzy rules. Prediction is calculating by weighted sum 130

82 Das et al. 2010 design a decision making the fuzzy fuzzy algorithm. Compare the weighted sum algo- 131
co

83 expert system and its application in a medical diag- rithm result with the original doctor’s report. If both 132

84 nostic system. This attempt improves the accuracy of are not match up to 95% then again initiate from 133

85 fuzzy expert decision-making system, using type-2 starting point. Otherwise, implement on Artix-7 and 134

86 fuzzy set. Improve decision-making accuracy veri- Spartan3-e FPGA kit. Compare the power consump- 135
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87 fied by medical diagnostic decision-making system tion of both FPGA kit and choose the better one. 136

88 for the renal diagnostic application [12]. Leading to product level design, make the layout of 137

89 Chowdhury et al. 2011 design ASIC digital chip the whole system by cadence tool. 138

90 of fuzzy logic circuit for diagnostic applications. The

91 system on the chip used fuzzification, defuzzification
92 of membership function to make the output decision 4. Define fuzzy rules 139

93 [13].
94 Das et al. 2012 try to increase the accuracy of the There are five fuzzy rules; based on association 140

95 fuzzy expert decision- making system by changing rule mining and statistical analysis data for enhanced 141
 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method 3

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Fig. 1. Disease with its parameters.
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142 forecasts of the diseases and fatal cases [18]. Parame-

ters for disease prediction are coming from the blood,
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143

144 serum, stool and urine test. Jaundice constraints

145 are sbt (serum bilirubin total), Sbd (serum bilirubin
146 direct), Sgpt (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase),
147 sgot (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) and
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148 urine colour test. Number ranging from sbt (0-15),

149 Sbd (0-15), Sgpt (0-400), Sgot (0-400) and urine (0-
150 10) and output value (0-10) [19]. Diabetes mellitus
151 constrains fasting sugar level, sugar level after tak- Fig. 2. Flow chart on multi- disease prediction methodology.
ing food, alpha hemoglobin level (HbA1c). Its value
co

152

153 ranging from fasting sugar level(0-200), sugar level

4.1. Association rules 165
154 after taking food (0-200), alpha hemoglobin level (0-
155 10). Yellow fever is the third disease that we consider
An association rule R has the form P ⇒ Q, for
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156 for prediction having parameters Immunoglobulin-

P, Q ⊆ Z, where Z is a set of all Element and P
157 G (IgG), Immunoglobulin-M (IgM).Its constraints
and Q are element sets. If frequency (P) denotes the
158 value range from IgG (231-1600), IgM (0-230).
number of Transactions that are supersets of item set
159 Cholera is a viral effected disease. To constrain we
P, and N the number of all relations, then Support
160 put the sample to thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose 
161 (TCBS) solution. If the virus will form the yellow (p) = frequency (P) N . Each rule is associated with
162 colony, then it is the sign of cholera disease. Below its confidence and support:
163 fuzzy rules are defined with the help of association frequency(P ∪ Q)
164 rule mining. Confidance(R) = (1)
frequency(p)
 4 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method

frequency(P ∪ Q) R12: If (age > 19) and (IgG = 700-1600 mg/dl) 214
Support(R) = (2)
N and (IgM = 40-230 mg/dl) then (Yellow Fever output 215

is primary). 216

R13: If (age > 19) and (IgG >1600 mg/dl) and 217

166 Above one is a popular method for discovering (IgM >230 mg/dl) then (Yellow Fever output is crit- 218

167 a relationship between two variables. Here we con- ical). 219

168 sider total 1000 patients data. Take an example, from R14: If (sample+TCBS = yellow colony) then 220

169 this database and original medical report, and we (Cholera output is critical). 221

f
170 got that the critical condition of jaundice disease R15: If (sample+TCBS=green colony) then 222

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171 is occurring when sbt is primary, and sgpt is criti- (Cholera output is normal). 223

172 cal. The occurrence of above statement is 150 times, R16: If (sample+TCBS=greenish yellow colony) 224

173 sbt comes 250 times out of 1000 data analysis. The then (Cholera output is primary) 225

174 confidence and support are finding 0.6, 0.15 respec- Figure 3 denotes different medical constraints and 226

175 tively. The value of confidence is 0.6 which is closer its outcomes. Sixteen Fuzzy rules defined by the help 227

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176 to 1. It means more chance of a patient to suffer in of association rule mining. Out of which three states 228

177 critical condition of jaundice disease if both sbt (pri- are proof above test bench bypassing parameters 229

178 mary) and sgpt (critical) state are satisfying. Below value having given the range. In test bench simula- 230

179 we write five fuzzy rules according to association rule tion at the output, we used three different colour like 231

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180 mining. green, yellow and red. These colour are green, yellow 232

181 R1: If (sbt is high) and (sbd is high) and (sgpt is and red represent for the normal, primary and criti- 233

182 high) and (sgot is high) and (urine is high (reddish)) cal state of diseases. Simulation result for 0 to 100ns 234

183 then (jaundice output is critical). input constraints sbt, sbd, sgpt, sgot, urine values are 235

184 R2: If (sbt is moderate) and (sbd is moderate) and 3, 3, 78, 86, 3 respectively. This input values satisfied 236
Au
185 (sgpt is moderate) and (sgot is moderate) and (urine the fuzzy rule R2, and we got the primary con- 237

186 is high (yellow)) then (jaundice output is primary). dition jaundice disease as output. Similarly fasting 238

187 R3: If (sbt is low) and (sbd is low) and (sgpt is low) sugar = 130, alphahe3moglobin=7, which contented 239

188 and (sgot is low) and (urine is low (light yellow)) then the fuzzy rule R6 and predict as the primary con- 240

189 (jaundice output is normal). dition of diabetes. The critical state of yellow fever 241

R4: If (sbt is low) and (sbd is low) and (sgpt is is satisfied by rule 12 for which input parameters
d

190 242

191 moderate) and (sgot is moderate) and (urine is low are age = 20, IgG = 1650, IgM = 240. For cholera, dis- 243
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192 (light yellow)) then (jaundice output is primary). ease prediction gets the parameter TCBS = 7, which 244

193 R5: If (sbt is moderate) and (sbd is moderate) and combine with the stool sample an gives greenish yel- 245

194 (sgpt is high) and (sgot is high) and (urine is high low colony and it satisfied rule 16 having predicted 246

195 (yellowish)) then (jaundice output is critical) [9]. primary condition of given disease. 247

196 R6: If (fasting sugar is > 110 mg/dl) and (alpha

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197 hemoglobin > 6 dcct) then (Diabetes Mellitus output 4.2. RTL model using Xilinx EDA tool 248

198 is primary).
199 R7: If (fasting sugar is < 110 mg/dl) and (alpha Vivado is an EDA tool, which labels the schemat- 249

200 hemoglobin < 6 dcct) then (Diabetes Mellitus output ics demonstration of the fuzzy system. Schematic 250
co

201 is normal). display describes visuals symbol rather than orig- 251

202 R8: If (sugar after taking food > 140 mg/dl) and inal pictures [20]. In Figure. Four left-hand side 252

203 (alpha hemoglobin > 6 dcct) then (Diabetes Mellitus shows thirteen input name sbt, sbd, sgpt, sgot, 253

204 output is primary). urine, fasting sugar, alpha hemoglobin, sugar after 254
Un

205 R9: If (sugar is > 200 mg/dl) and (alpha food, sugar, age, IgG, IgM, TCBS. Corresponding 255

206 hemoglobin > 6.5 dcct) then (Diabetes Mellitus out- twelve outputs which are normalJ, primaryJ, criticalJ, 256

207 put is critical). normalD, primaryD, criticalD, normalY, primaryY, 257

208 R10: If (age 0-19) and (IgG = 231-1584 mg/dl) and criticalY, normalC, primaryC, criticalC shown on 258

209 (IgM = 0-259 mg/dl) then (Yellow Fever output is the right-hand side. RTL modeling of the fuzzy 259

210 primary). system is making by digital component like uni- 260

211 R11: If (age 0-19) and (IgG = 231-1000 mg/dl) and versal logic gates, multiplexers, flip-flop and adder. 261

212 (IgM = 0-180 mg/dl) then (Yellow Fever output is In between input and output, these components are 262

213 normal). present. Fuzzification and defuzzification are two 263

 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method 5

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Fig. 3. Test bench generated by xilinx tool for different value of medical constraints.
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Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of fuzzy rules having thirteen inputs and twelve outputs.
 6 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method

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Fig. 5. Hardware implementation using Artix-7 kit.

264 essential parts of the system. In fuzzification pro- 5. Experiments and results: 278

265 cess, input values are converting into crisp value, and
266 defuzzification process the outcomes values are again Thirteen input constraints are taken two consecu- 279

converting into original scalar value. Through this tive days for getting the more accurate prediction of
d

267 280

268 scalar output value, predict the disease on which a disease. Membership functions, and are referred to 281

fuzzy value having low, moderate and high respec-

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269 patient is suffering [11]. 282

tively. These membership functions are calculating 283

bypassing the constraints. 284

270 4.3. Weighted Sum Algorithm for medical The scrutiny of membership function will final- 285

271 diagnosis ize the prediction of risk parameter normal, primary, 286
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critical. According to the possibility parameter, the 287

The algorithm for analysis the weighted mean of probable next physiological state of a patient will find 288

the membership functions of the patient’s past med- out. 289

ical data. It is helpful to predict the disease and its In Xilinx software creates a code that permits 290

us to provide a repeatable set of inputs. It con-

co

291
medical condition will normal or primary or critical
is computed as sists of a clock (for synchronization if needed), 292

input data, and output. Test bench check our pro- 293

 gram is working correctly or not by passing some 294

i = 1n iμi (y)
Un

Pr (y) =  (3) input constraint and got desired output. In Figs three 295
i = 1n i and four, we consider thirteen different inputs and 296

twelve probable outputs which associate with six- 297

272 Where the summation is done from i = 1 to n, and teen different fuzzy rules based on association rule 298

273 the value of n is the total of time at which clinical data mining. Out of sixteen states, five rules are defining 299

274 are taken into consideration. Help of membership for normal condition of jaundice, diabetes mellitus, 300

275 function it define normal, primary and critical value of yellow fever and cholera. Five rules are for criti- 301

276 medical condition. The predicted value is considered cal, and six rules are for the primary state of above 302

277 as P(y) [16], which is defined below equation. disease [21]. 303
 S. Satpathy et al. / Design a FPGA, fuzzy based, insolent method 7

Table 1
Comparison of Spartan-3e and artix-7
SPARTAN3-E ARTIX-7
No Logic Utilization No of used Available Utilization No of used Available
1 Number of slice flip-flop 18 9312 1% 35 63400
2 Number of 4 I/P LUTS 242 9312 2.6% 184 9312
3 Number of I/O blocks 180 232 77% 63 210
4 Power Consumption 0.097 w 0.042w

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7. Conclusion 324

This paper deals with two measure aims. One is 325

detection and prediction of multi-disease like jaun- 326

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dice, diabetes mellitus, yellow fever and cholera with 327

more accuracy. The second one is low power FPGA 328

operation, leading to chip and product level design. 329

After collecting the blood, urine, stool sample from a 330

person five liver tests, sugar, hemoglobin, TCBS agar

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331

to stool test are done. The data are delivered, through 332

the fuzzy system that analyses and predict the chance 333

of a person suffering from above four diseases or not. 334

As our fuzzy system outcomes are 95% matched with 335

doctors’ real medical report. Hardware implementa-

Au 336

tion is doing by dump the Verilog code on Artix-7 337

Fig. 6. Layout of fuzzy rules module.
and Spartan3-e kit, which accomplishes Artix-7 are 338

efficient regarding power consumption and resource 339

utilization. Last part is to design layout of the whole 340

304 5.1. Layout of implemented module: fuzzy system, which leads to chip design and product
d

341

level design. 342

305 Layout design of the fuzzy system is drawing in
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306 Fig. 6 using Cadence Innovus tool [21]. The speed-

307 enhancing architecture having featured on reduce
308 repetition and provide the runtime boost. This tech- References 343

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integrate lots of application and system. Development [1] J. Zhu, A.A. Liu, M. Chen, T. Tasdizen and H. Su, “Special
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