 Nursing is a profession and occupation because it has a code of ethics

 Nursing is an applied science

 Def’n of nursing philosophy: worldview of the profession and provides perspective fot
practice, scholarship, and research
 Theory of being: ontology
 Pattern of knowing with empathy, intuition, values, not always in words: esthetics
 How are nursing theories developed: invented to describe events
 Nurse applies therapeutic use of self, using: personal knowledge
 Epistemology is: study of knowledge
 Nursing metapardigm: person, health, nursing, enviro
 Nurses should integrate EBP bc the systematic purpose may increase the theory practice
gap: false
 Nursing should be distinct knowledge: Florence nightingale
 Not a class of grand theories: universal needs
 If a theory is useful it must include: understandable concepts
 Theories can be classified as: scope, purpose, discipline
 Theory for specific situations, fewest concepts: practice theories
 Type of theory that describes, observes, explains concepts, doesn’t explain how or why
concepts are related: descriptive
 Not criteria for analysis for grand theories: time period
 Concepts used in theories may be: one word, two words, or a phrase
 Best describes purpose of concept development: identify, define, and clarify concepts that
describe a phenomenon
 Marital status: discrete variable
 Factor should not be taken into consideration when defining a concept: context of the
concept
 NOT a reason for concept development: determine the knowledge base of the researcher
 Process and methods used to create, modify or refine a theory: theory development
 Describes some of the association or interrelations between and among concepts:
explanatory theory
 Foundation of theories: concepts
 Two groups of theoretical statements: existence and relational
 Nurses should promote and embrace theory guided practice as core of nursing: true
 Type of concept is independent of time and spice and not clearly observable: abstract
 Theory development assists nurses to do everything BUT: challenge prior knowledge
 Grand theory rooted in empirical or positivistic view: human needs
 Knowledge stage nurses develop consenus on metaparadigm: procedural knowledge
 Not included when categorizing by scope: prescriptive
 All HCPs should center practice on tradition and belief: false
 Putpose of critiquing theories: determine usefulness in nursing
 Where can middle range be derived: research, practice guidelines, grand theories
 Not a reason to use theory in practice: advance societys view of nursing
 Describes the term paradigm: worldview or an overall way of looking at a discipline and
its science
 Grand nursing theories provide for future dev of: middle range theories
 EBP and research are both scholarly but focus on diff phases: true
 Category with systems theory: interactive process
 True when considering relationship between theory and practice: benefit is to improve
client care
 True regarding EBP: contributes to bridging the theory practice gap
 Key components of EBP: best practice, pt values, expertise
 Phrase best describes nursing practice without theory: routine performance of tasks
 Last phases of EBP: search lit and critically evaluate evidence
 Contributes to nursing practice gap: theory is primarily used by nursing scholars
 Last three phases of dev a theory: theory construction, testing of relationships, application
of theory to practice
 Scholars believe theory guided practice in the form of EBP (situation specific) is the
future of nursing: true
 Which category of grand nursing theory identifies humans are in constant and
simultaneous interaction with an energy system: unitary process
 True regarding testability of grand theories: difficult to test, highly abstract
 Not a class of middle: moderate
 Why are middle range thoeries useful for emerging disciplines: readily operationalized
 Current stage of theory development in nursing: integrative
 Linear and unidirectional relationship between research, theory, and practice: false
 Approaches to initiate theory development, when would you use practice theory: when no
appropriate theory appears to exist to describe the phenomenon
 Theories are applied in nursing: direct quality assurance, identify standards, guide
development of client classification systems
 Advantages offered by using theory: control nursing events, initiative preventive actions,
ability to make informed clinical decision
 Components of theories: linkages, concepts, assumptions, theoretical statements
 Characteristics of practice theories: spec phenomena, often use knowledge from other
disciplines, focus on specific populations or areas of practice
 Perceived barriers to EBP: inc workload, disregard for indiv pt care, research findings are
open to interpretation, limited understanfing of EBP, inadequate content on EBP practice
in educational programs (all of them) (taking the question off midterm)