1979-2015 Geography Optional Questions of Last 37 Years PDF

Page 1
Repeated question in 2015 Mains Geography Optional
1. Describe the characteristics of different types of pelagic deposits.(2015)
Q. Present the classification of Oceanic deposits and account for the origin, types and
distribution of Pelagic deposits in the World Oceans. (1980)
Q. Pelagic deposits(1985)
Q. Pelagic deposits(2004)
Q. Discuss the different bases for classifying the ocean deposits and give a detailed
account of pelagic deposits of the oceans. (2006)
xaam.in
2. What is Potential Evapotranspiration? Explain how it is used in assessing the water balance in an
area(2015)
Q. Potential evapotranspiration (2004)
3. Discuss the basis of Koppen’a climatic classification. Bring out the silent characteristics of “Cs” type of
climate(2015)
Q Discuss the main features of the climatic classification system evolved by Koppen. Also point out its
anomalies(2005)
Q. Evaluate the Koppean's scheme of climatic regionalization of India.(1988)
Q. Compare the basis of the climatic classification of Koppea with that,of Thornthwaite's classification
(1986)
4. How does climate change affect the- process of desertification of India? (2015)
Q. Analyse the causes of desertification in India. Represent the desertified areas of the
country on a sketch map and suggest remedial measures to control it (2011)
Q. Desertification and its preventive measures (1986)
Q. Desertification as an environmental hazards (2008)
5. Decentralized planning through the strengthening of the Panchayat system is the focus of planning in
India in recent times. Suggest a blueprint for an integrated regional development plan.(2015)
Q. Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.(2007)
Q. Discuss Panchayati Raj as a measure of decentralized planning in India.(2005)
www.xaam.in
Page 2
6.Explain how change in land use can promote eco-development at different levels in the country. (In
about 150 words)2015
Q. How has an inappropriate urban land use policy accounted for undesirable development in and
around metropolitan cities(2014)
xaam.in
Geography Optional Previous Year question Paper(1979-2015) last 37 years
1979
PAPER- I
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and any four of the remaining questions, selecting
two from Section A and any two from Section B. All questions carry equal marks.
1. On the map of India supplied to you, mark and name the following:
(a) The mean annual isohyets of 100cm.
(b) The regions of Regur (black cotton) soils.
(c) The four most important centres for the manufacture of iron and steel.
(d) Four of the most vulnerable tracts of India likely to be inundated by cyclonic storms.
(e) Morvi, Marble falls, Chukha project, Kalpakkam, Sri Hari Kota and Thumba.
OR
On the map of the World provided, name and mark the following:
(a) The International Dateline
(b) The horse latitudes
(c) The Air India route linking Delhi with New York via Moscow and London
(d) The Durand line
www.xaam.in
Page 3
(e) The Great Wall of China
(f) Diego Garcia
(g) Namibia
(h) Ruhr
(i) Kalgoorlie
(j) Benguela current
(k) The mid-Atlantic rise
(l) The Great Barrier reef of Australia
xaam.in
SECTION – A
2. What light does the study of earthquake, waves throw on the inner constitution of the
earth?
3. Discuss the polar Front theory and examine how far it can be applied to explain the
origin of tropical cyclones.
4. What factors control the density of ocean waters? Show how differences of surface
density determine the movements of water (a) in the open ocean and (b) between the
ocean and its partially enclosed seas.
5. ‚The land regulates the destinies of peoples with a blind brutality‛ (Ratzal). Discuss
fully the arguments in favour and against this view.
6. ‚The 49th parallel is a boundary without a frontier the Himalayas is a frontier without a
boundary.‛ Discuss fully, bringing out the implications of this to the countries involved.
SECTION - B
7. Examine the aims and assets the achievements of Prince Henry and Navigator.
8. ‚The successful location of iron and steel plants is largely a matter of transportation
costs, not merely of raw materials but also of finished products.‛ Discuss with illustrate
examples.
9. ‚Till about 1700 A.D. the history of India, was to a large extent delimited by its
Geography.‛ Analyse fully.
10. Describe the main racial characteristics and the cul tural attainments of either the Todas
or the Santhals.
www.xaam.in
Page 4
11. ‚The distinction between ‘Wet-Zone’ and ‘Dry-Zone is fundamental in the agriculture
of the Monsoon lands, resulting in typical crop combinations‛. Discuss with respect to
either India or China.
PAPER-II-1979
SECTION – A
1. With the help of selected examples, explain the relative i mportance of raw materials,
xaam.in
and markets in the location and development of cotton textile industry.
2. Explain the significance of diagnostic surveys for regional planning.
3. Give a critical assessment of the concept of rural –urban fringe. What criteria would
you suggest to democrat t
he rural urban fringe of Indian cities?
4. ‚The direct effect of physical factors on the distribution of population tends to decline
1980
PAPER-I
1. On the outline map of India supplied, mark and name the following:
(a) The regions with the highest variability of rainfall (more than 15%) from year to year;
(b) The regions of rubber and tea cultivation;
(c) Jog (Gersoppa), Ellora, Digboi, Neyveli, Kudremukh, Singareni;
(d) Mahabaleshwar, Pachmarhi, Darjeeling, Kodai -kanal, Nainital, Simla;
(e) Thalghat, Khandwa gap, Palghat, Banihal Pass, Aksai Chin and Bhorghat.
OR
On the outline map of the World provided, mark and name the following:
(a) The zero degree Celsius (Centigrade) (32ºF) surface isotherm for the month of January.
(b) The mean annual thermal equator,
(c) The New England States,
www.xaam.in
Page 5
(d) Zimbabwe
(e) Kuro Siwo
(f) St. Gotthard Pass,
(g) The Soo Canal,
(h) Bosporus,
(i) The Trans-Siberian rail-route, with three important stations, on route.
(j) The Wuhan conurbation,
(k) Murray-Darling Basin and
xaam.in
(l) Bogota.
SECTION A
2. State, in detail, and appraise fully the arguments in favour of and against the theory of
Continental Drift.
3. Discuss the complete mechanism by means of which the atmosphere is able to
maintain its heat-balance. Is the atmosphere getting progressively hotter, and if so, why?
4. Describe and account for the surface currents of the Indian Ocean and explain how
and why they differ from those of the Atlantic.
5. Discuss the scope of human Geography.
6. Is it true to say that Machinder's "Citadel of land power" stands mightier than ever,
even at the present day?
SECTION B
7. What were the significant geographical ideas of the Arabs of the 10 th and 12 th
centuries? How did they differ from those of their Christian contemporaries?
8. Analyse the factors of localization of the Iron and Steel industry with special reference
to India. Suggest an ideal location for this industry in India and make a comparative
assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of Visakapatnam and Salem steel plants.
9. "The gates of India have become water gates and the way to India, the way of the
sea." (Sir Thomas Holdich). Analyse the role of geographical factors in controlling, through
well defined gates, the entry into India of migrants, both in peace and in war, from the
earliest times and assess their relative importance.
www.xaam.in
Page 6
10. Discuss the basic geographical conditions, under which the pre-historic civilization of
Indus Valley flourished and describe the nature and structure of the pre-historic cities of
the region.
11. Assess the nature of the "food problem" of India, both qualitatively and quantitatively
at the present time. What practical suggestions can you offer towards its solutions?
PAPER-II-1980
SECTION A
1. "The economic development of a country depends as much on he stage of
xaam.in
development of the people as on the able resources. Discuss this statement with examples.
2. Discuss with examples the factors of origin and growth of towns and cities.
3. What are the determinants of population growth? Discuss comparatively the trends
population growth in the developed and the developing countries of the world,
mentioning the socio-economic implications of these trends in each case.
4. Compare the nature of the two given distributions on the basis of their mean, median
and coefficient of variation:
Monthly Wet Bulb Temperature (ºF)
For Stations A and B
MONTHS
Stations J F M A M J J A S O N D
A 53 55 57 58 70 76 79 80 77 66 60 55
B 65 56 64 60 55 51 50 51 55 57 61 64
5. Compare the properties of Sinusoidal and Moll -weide's projections. Make calculations
for a graticule on Sinusoidal projections for an area extending from 30ºN to 60ºS and
15ºW to 105ºW on a scale of 1:50,000,000. The interval between the parallels and
between the meridians is 15º.
SECTION B
6. Give a critical account of the recent changes in agriculture in India which have
contributed to the agricultural development in general, and the green revolution in
particular.
www.xaam.in
Page 7
7. Asses the comparative geographical importance of the power resources in the
development of industrial landscape of India.
8. "The density of population is, as it were, the synthesis of all geographical
phenomena. "Examine this statement with reference to the spatial patterns of population
distribution and density in India.
9. Discuss the structure and evolution of the Himalayas.
10. Give an ideal geographical regionalization of India.
GEOGRAPHY 1981
xaam.in
PAPER- I
1. On the map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
words, in you answer script, what you consider to be the most important aspects of each
one of them:
(a) Bhadravathi
(b) Khandwa gap
(c) Kalpakkam
(d) River Damodar
(e) MacMohan line
(f) Sivasamudram
(g) Sri Hari Kota
(h) Chukka project
(i) 100 cm (40") annual isohyets
(j) Barauni
OR
On the map of the World provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
words, in your answer script, what you consider to be the most important aspect of each
one of them.
(a) The Sargasso Sea
(b) Bay of Fundy
(c) 10ºCelsius (Centigrade) or 50ºFahrenheit isotherm for the warmest month in the
www.xaam.in
Page 8
northern hemisphere
(d) Pittsburg
(e) Monte Carlo
(f) Wyville Thomson ridge
(g) Jerusalem
(h) The region of olive cultivation
(i) The bell of the doldrums
(j) Taklamakan
xaam.in
2. Answer any three of the following, answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(a) Trans-humance
(b) Cold water coasts
(c) The typical features in a region of limestone rocks
(d) Goods
SECTION A
3. With particular reference to India, explain the origin of the "monsoon". Describe and
account for the World distribution of monsoon climates, bringing out the significant
differences between each of them.
4. With suitable examples selected from different part of the World, discuss, in detail,
the problems in using either language or religion as a criterion for boundary
determinations.
5. Present the classification of Oceanic deposits and account for the origin, types and
distribution of Pelagic deposits in the World Oceans.
SECTION B
6. Analyse the factors of localization of the cotton-textile industries, and assess how far
their location has been influenced by the availability of indigenous raw materials and
proximity to the markets.
7. "Over two thirds of the crop land of the United States is devoted to feed crops and
www.xaam.in
Page 9
only slightly over one-fifth to food crops." Discuss the implications of the above statement.
Explain with reasons why the conditions are totally different in India.
8. Discuss the major contributions of the following eminent geographers:
(a) Sir Halford Mackinder (b) Sir Dudley Stamp
PAPER-II
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(i) Definition and Scope of Economic Geography
xaam.in
(ii) Central Business District
(iii) Demographic Transition
(iv) Significance of Projected Profiles
2. Examine the role of pull and push factors in the migration of population.
3. The annual total rainfall (in cm.) of a particular station of a period of 40 years is given
below in sequential order:
97,103,86,100,98,96,99,88,96,95,85,92,105,100,91,102,100,98,101,107,103,104,98,11
5,95,100,112,94,102,113,96,106,83,104,87,98,101,95,111,104.
(a) Calculate the standard deviation.
(b) If the years are categorised according to the following scheme, determine the
percentage of years‾ in each category:
Category Rainfall Amount
Exceptionally Drought Years (EDY) Less than M - 2σ
Moderately Drought Years (MDY) M - 2σ to M - σ
Normal Rainy Years (NRY) M - 2σ to M + σ
Moderately Rainy Years (MRY) M + σ to M + 2σ
Exceptionally Rainy Years (ERY) More than M + 2σ
4. Selecting suitable standard parallels, make necessary calculations for a graticule on
Simple Conic Projection with two standard parallels for an area extending from 62ºN to
78ºN and 60ºN to 80ºE on a scale of 1:10,000,000. The interval between the parallel s and
between the meridians is 2º.
www.xaam.in
Page 10
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following, answer to each should be in about 200 words:
(a) Major Soil Types of India
(b) Trend of Population Growth in India since 1901, and Significant Contributory Factors
(c) Rajasthan Canal Project
(d) Bases of Geographical Regionalization of India.
6. Discuss the effect of relief and climate on the distribution of crops in India.
7. Make an assessment of the relative significance of renewable and non -renewable
xaam.in
energy resources of India. What suggestions would you give for solving the energy-crisis in
India?
8. Explain the various population problems of India and suggest as to how this large
human-resource can be made useful in the economic development of the country.
Geography-1982
PAPER-I
words, in your answer-script what you consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
(a) The Pir Punjal
(b) The Luni River
(c) Farakka Barrage
(d) The Bombay High
(e) Neyveli
(f) Gangtok
(g) 50 cm (20" annual isohyets)
(h) Black cotton soil region
(i) Areas affected by cyclones from the Bay of Bengal
(j) Shortest air route from Varanasi to Bangalore
OR
www.xaam.in
Page 11
On the map of the World provided mark the following and write in not more ten words, in
your answer-script what you consider to be the most important aspect of each one of
them:
(a) Elburze mountain
(b) The Dead Sea
(c) Fiji Islands
(d) The Kiel Canal
(e) The Falkland Island
xaam.in
(f) Diego Garcia
(g) 80ºF. Isotherm of July
(h) 100 cm (40") mean isohyets in winter (November to April)
(i) Nairobi
(j) The Kuroshio Current
2. Write short notes on any three of the following, each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Peneplain
(b) Indo-Pakistan border problem
(c) The Naga Tribes
(d) Air masses
SECTION A
3. Discuss the mountain building process in the world with a special reference to the
origin of the Himalayas.
4. "In the northern part of the Indian ocean there is a complete reversal of currents
between winter and summer as a result of the alternating monsoon winds." Discuss.
5. "The position of United States in respect of power is almost impregnable at present
and in future. The U.S.S.R. is well situated although less so than the Unites States."
Elucidate.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the factors of location of iron and steel industries in Great Britain with special
www.xaam.in
Page 12
reference to the shifts in their location after the World War II.
7. Discuss the contributions of either Paul Vidal De La Blache or W.M. Davis in
advancement of our geographical knowledge.
8. Mention the types of farming commonly being practised in the tropics. Discuss their
significance and the present position in the international market.
PAPER-II-1982
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each:
xaam.in
(a) Discuss with suitable examples the influence of environment on productive occupation
in the world
(b) What is meant by Urban Functions? How are they different from Rural Functions?
(c) Critically examine the concept of optimum population.
(d) Is the Quantitative method in Geography a means to an end or the Geographic
method itself? Discuss clearly bringing out the purpose of Geography.
2. What is regional survey? How does it lead to planning? Discuss with suitable
examples.
3. Discuss the distribution pattern of population in India. State how geographic factors
have influenced it.
4. Which projection will you choose for the drawing of a map of the world to indicate
sea routes? Discuss its properties.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three questions of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the structure of the Peninsular India.
(b) Discuss the value of the Narbada Irrigation Project in economic development of
Western India.
(c) What are the problems of the Cotton Textile Industry in India?
(d) Assess the iron ore resources of India.
6. Give a brief account of the Power Resources of India and indicate how far they are
developed.
www.xaam.in
Page 13
7. India's budget is a gamble with the Monsoon. Elaborate the statement. How far does
the variability of rainfall influence agriculture? What remedies have been effected?
Divide India into its natural regions. State the basis which you have adopted.
Geography-1983
PAPER-I
words in your answer script, what your consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
xaam.in
(a) Pre-Cambrian land mass
(b) Mikir hills
(c) Banihal pass
(d) 100 cm. (40") isohyte
(e) Largest mangrove forest area
(f) Coffee producing areas
(g) Anpara
(h) Bhilai
(i) Tarapur
(j) Shortest air route from Porbandar to Gauhati
OR
On the map of World provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words
in your answer script, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one of them:
(a) Carpathian mountains
(b) Great Salt Lake
(c) Parana-Paraguay basin
(d) Canary islands
(e) Areas with 50 to 100 cm. annual rainfall
(f) Great Barrier Reef
(g) Bering Strait
(h) New York Metropolitan Region
www.xaam.in
Page 14
(i) Seoul
(j) Trans-Siberian Railways with three important railway stations on it.
2. Write short notes on any three of the following; each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Polycyclic land mass
(b) Jet stream
(c) Ecological imbalance
(d) World energy crisis
xaam.in
SECTION A
3. 'Landscape is the function of structure, process and stage.' Discuss.
4. Divide world into major biotic regions giving the basis of your division.
5. Discuss different types of maribe resources and mention their possible utilization.
SECTION B
6. Write a critical essay on the quantitative revolution in Geography.
7. Briefly discuss the trend of urbanisation in the world since the beginning of the present
century.
8. Discuss the food and nutrition problems of the world.
PAPER-II
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Examine the origin of the Deccan lavas and describe the scenery associated with it.
(b) Comment on the role of social forestry in the economy of India.
(c) Give a brief account of the petroleum resources of India.
(d) Discuss the problems of livestock raising in India.
2. "There is a gulf between rainfall statistics and water availability." Elucidate this
statement with reference to the agricultural efficiency of any region in India.
3. Linguistic regions in India may have a cultural reality but no economic base. Examine
this view illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
www.xaam.in
Page 15
4. Discuss the factors which interact to limit the area within which a crop may be
successfully grown commercially in India. Give examples to justify your arguments.
SECTION B
5. Comment on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) The inadequacy of transport is the major obstacle to the trade and production of India.
(b) Factors contributing to the growth of the urban fringe of either Calcutta or Bombay.
(c) "Core Areas" for successful regional planning in India.
(d) The North Western Frontiers of India and the related political problem.
xaam.in
6. What are the factors influencing the localization of industry? Illustrate your answer
with reference to the Iron and Steel industry of India.
7. Indian cities are lacking in layout and function. How far is this true and what historical
and cultural factors are responsible for these features?
8. How far is it true to say that the Indian Ocean is actually and potentially a major focus
of international relations and dispute?
Geography-1984
PAPER-I
words in your answer script, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one
of them:
(a) 80ºE longitude
(b) Anamalai Hills
(c) Karakoram Pass
(d) The damodar
(e) Area receiving higher rainfall in winter
(f) Tropical wet evergreen forest area
(g) Bhakra Dam
(h) Air route from Port Bliar to Delhi
(i) Kohima
www.xaam.in
Page 16
(j) Anklesvar
OR
On the map of the world provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
of them:
(a) 90ºWest longitude
(b) Atlas mountains
(c) Sakhaline Island
xaam.in
(d) Niagra falls
(e) Gulf of Bothania
(f) Bass strait
(g) Pampas
(h) Loss Angelss
(i) Air route from Colombo to Rio-de- Janeiro
(j) Zurich
2. Write short notes on any three of the following each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Karst land forms
(b) Marine resources
(c) Urban sphere of influence
(d) Federalism
Section A
3. Discuss the mountain-building processes with suitable examples.
4. Discuss the concept of warm and cold fronts and the weather associated with them.
5. Discuss man's role in creating ecological imbalances taking examples from a
geographical region.
SECTION B
6. Critically examine the development of determinism and possibilism in Geography.
7. Discuss the petroleum resources of the Middle East and its impact on international
www.xaam.in
Page 17
politics.
8. Discuss the general distributional pattern of industrial development in the world and
its associated problems.
PAPER-II
SECTION A
1. Write short notes (in about 200 words each) on any three of the following:
(a) Mountains as climatic barriers and their effect on the Indian Monsoons.
(b) Why do rivers flood? State the areas of occurrence of floods in India.
xaam.in
(c) Problems involved in the economic development of tribal areas of India.
(d) Dairy Industry in India.
2. Discuss the problems of agricultural development in the arid and semi -arid regions of
India.
3. Discuss the value of a quantitative analysis of crop combinations for an agricultural
regionalization of India. Illustrate your answer from an area of wh ich you have personal
knowledge.
4. "The present economic policy of India represents an attempt to maintain a balance
between a subsistence agricultural economy and a top-heavy industrial economy."
Critically examine the statement.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes (in about 200 words each) on any three of the following:
(a) Unity and diversity are both inherent in Federalism.
(b) The sea as a source of raw materials.
(c) Importance of coastal shipping in India.
(d) Fertilizer industry of India.
6. Discuss the location of and the modern trends in, the cotton textile industry of India.
7. Discuss the impact of the development of electrical power in India on its
industrialisation.
8. What contribution has the geographer to make to an understanding of the problems
of land use in big cities?
www.xaam.in
Page 18
Geography - 1985
PAPER-I
Candidates should attempt Q. 1 and 2 which are compulsory, and any three of the
remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All qu estions carry
equal marks
of them:
xaam.in
(a) Rajasthan (Indira) Canal
(b) Mettur Dam
(c) Bombay High
(d) Gandhinagar
(e) Areas receiving more than 200 cm of annual rainfall
(f) Palk Strait
(g) Paradip
(h) Tropic of Cancer
(i) Maikal Range
(j) Shortest rail route from Puri to New Delhi
OR
of them:
(a) Arctic Circle
(b) Cork
(c) Selvas
(d) Tagros Mountains
(e) Greenwich
(f) Hawaiian Island
(g) Hwang Ho
www.xaam.in
Page 19
(h) Dogger Bank
(i) Aswan Dam
(j) Cook Strait
words:
(a) Hydrological Cycle
(b) Ecosystem Concept
(c) Rural Settlement Patterns
xaam.in
(d) Regional Concept in Geography
SECTION A
3. Discuss the character of the main types of force and earth movements, involved in the
production of land forms.
4. Classify soils of the world and discuss the distribution and characteristics of each.
5. Discuss the sources and nature of various deposit found on the floor of the oceans.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the causes and consequences of major inter national migrations of the present
time.
7. Discuss the concepts of heartland and rimland and examine their present day validity.
8. Mention different types of world agriculture and describe the areas and salient
features of each type.
Geography-1985
PAPER-II
remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
SECTION A
1. Give brief answers to any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Describe the physiographic characteristics of the Western Himalayas.
www.xaam.in
Page 20
(b) To what extent has the high yielding variety programme helped agricultural
development in India?
(c) Why has attention been given to the development of marine fisheries in India?
Describe the efforts that have been directed for their development.
(d) Describe the impact of the rise in population density on economic development in
India.
2. Attempt a division of India into climatic regions and described their characteristics and
floral conditions.
xaam.in
3. Write an account of the growth and utilisation of irrigation potential in India with
particular reference to canal irrigation.
4. Discuss the concept of land reform and indicate its importance for promoting
agricultural development in India.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each on any three of the following:
(a) Importance of road transport in India-Development under the Plans.
(b) Rural settlement patterns in the Ganga Valley.
(c) Industrial development in India during the Second and Third Plans.
(d) Problems of slums and urban development with particular reference to any metropolis
in India.
6. Write an account of the raw materials, location, present situation and future
prospects of the paper industry in India.
7. Discuss the regional disparities in the growth of manufacturing industries in India.
Suggest remedies.
8. Discuss the quality distribution and utilisation of coal in India.
1986
PAPER-I
of them:
www.xaam.in
Page 21
(a) 821/2º E meridian
(b) Siwalik Hills
(c) Haldia
(d) Mizoram
(e) Chandigarh
(f) Faraka Dam
(g) HBJ pipeline
(h) Kanya Kumari
xaam.in
(i) Mahanadi
(j) Dodabetta
OR
of them:
(a) Mauritius
(b) Nile
(c) Pampas
(d) Pamir
(e) Jura Mountains
(f) The Hague
(g) Niagara Falls
(h) 180º meridian
(i) Namibia
(j) Canberra
words:
(a) World's biotic regions
(b) Pelagic deposits
(c) Demographic transition
www.xaam.in
Page 22
(d) Diffusion of innovation
SECTION A
3. Discuss the views of W.M. Davis and Walter Penck on the cycle of erosion.
4. Compare the basis of the classification of Koppen with that of Thornthwaite's classification.
5. Give an account of marine resources and discuss their present day utilization.
SECTION B
6. What is meant by quantitative revolution in Geography? Discuss its impact on the
development of the subject.
xaam.in
7. Define the urban sphere of influences and discuss different methods of determining the
spheres of influence of cities.
8. Discuss the genetic classification of international boundaries. How does it differ from the
morphological classification?
PAPER-II -1986
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following questions (in about 200 words each):
(a) The drainage systems of the two regions. Peninsular and extra-Peninsular India are very
different in their character. What are these difference and way?
(b) Discuss the environmental problems regarding industrial pollution in India.
(c) Discuss briefly the utilization, distribution and production of manganese in India.
(d) Describe the programmes for management and development of forests in India under
the National Forest Policy. Mention briefly the roles of other institutions in the development
of forestry in the country.
2. Describe the problems of production and distribution of food crops in India from the
regional point of view.
3. Discuss the geographical bases for rural industrialization for rural development.
4. Give an account of the infrastructural factors necessary for promoting agricultural
development in the dry zones of India with specific examples.
5. Write short notes, in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
(a) Development of Railway transport in India during different plan periods.
www.xaam.in
Page 23
(b) Functional and hierarchical patterns of Indian cities.
(c) Aluminium industry in India.
(d) Regional Planning in India.
6. Discuss the location, present situation and future prospects of the jute industry in India.
7. What is an industrial complex? Describe the growth, problems and prospects of any
major industrial complex in India.
8. Examine the geographical bases for growth of regional consciousness and regionalism
during last three decades in India.
xaam.in
GEOGRAPHY 1987
PAPER-I
words in your answer book, what you consider to be most important aspect of each one of
them:
(a) Kodaikanal
(b) Bhubaneshwar
(c) Cauvery
(d) Aravalli Hills
(e) Arunachal Pradesh
(f) Hirakund Dam
(g) Shipki Pass
(h) Sriharikota
(i) Bharatpur
(j) Digboi
OR
of them:
(a) Appalachian Mountains
(b) Fiji Islands
www.xaam.in
Page 24
(c) Tropic of Capricorn
(d) Vienna
(e) Zimbabwe
(f) Nicaragua
(g) Gobi Desert
(h) Mekong
(i) Patagonia
(j) Palk Strait
xaam.in
2. Write short notes on any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200
words:
(a) Characteristics of monsoon forests
(b) Systems approach in Geography
(c) Concepts of nation and state
(d) Theories of agricultural location.
SECTION A
3. Give a reasoned account of the contents of the Atlantic Ocean and their impact on
the climatic conditions of the coastal regions.
4. Discuss critically the characteristics of tropical cyclones and analyse the extent to
which they differ from the temperate cyclones.
5. Discuss the evolution and characteristics of the land forms of graciated regions.
SECTION B
6. Give an account of the existing distributional pattern of population in the world and
give your assessment regarding the importance of geographical factors for such a pattern.
7. Examine the various theories concerning the internal structure of cities and discuss
how far they are applicable to Indian cities.
8. Give an account of the pattern of international trade and examine the linkages
between resource endowed regions and resource utilizing regions.
PAPER-II-1987
SECTION A
www.xaam.in
Page 25
1. Answer any three of the following question (in about 200 words each):
(a) Give the salient features of the Aravallis is with respect to geologic structure, relief and
impact on human settlements.
(b) Discuss the ecological problems associated with the use of river water resources in
India.
(c) Outline the impact of land reform measures on agricultural development in India.
(d) Indicate the criteria of identification, demarcate the industrially backward areas of
India and enumerate the main hurdles in their development.
xaam.in
2. Analyse the mechanism of Indian Monsoon. How are the spatial temporal variations
and vicissitudes in precipitation related to this mechanism?
3. Discuss the population problem of India in regional perspective and make specific
suggestions for tackling the problem with respect to the broad population regions.
4. Outline the agricultural regions of India indicating the bases of regionalization. Bring
out the factors responsible for the emergence of different crop combination in different
regions.
SECTION B
(a) Functional and Morphological Typology of Indian cities
(b) Agro-based Industries of India
(c) Centre-State relations and multi-level planning in India
(d) Geopolitical significance of Industrial Policy in Indian Ocean
6. Trace the evolution of Industrial Policy in India and bring on its impact on industrial
development of the country.
7. Discuss the significance, traffic flow pattern, emerging trends and problems of road
transport in India.
8. Analyse the causes and consequences of regional disparity in the economic
development of India and outline measures to reduce disparity.
1988
PAPER-I
www.xaam.in
Page 26
remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
of them:
(a) Cherrapaunji
(b) Pondicherry
xaam.in
(c) Satpura Range
(d) Gulmarg
(e) Manga ore
(f) Bomdila
(g) Tapi (Tapti)
(h) Gulf of Kutch
(i) Anklksvar
(j) Rameshwaram
OR
of them:
(a) Pyrenees
(b) Cyprus
(c) Hud on Bay
(d) Seoul
(e) Kampuchea
(f) Falkland Islands
(g) Kalahari
(h) Volga
(i) Kilimanjaro
www.xaam.in
Page 27
(j) Geneva
words:
(a) Environmental Determinism
(b) Coral reets
(c) Geopolitics
(d) Karst landforms
SECTION A
xaam.in
3. Attempt a classification of air masses and give the characteristic features and
associated weather conditions of each class.
4. Discuss, in detail, man's impact on ecosystem as a result of the modern technological
advancement.
5. Critically analyse the concept of plate tectonics and bring out the evidences to
support it.
SECTION B
6. Give a critical account of the cultural evolution of man. Illustrate your answer with
suitable examples.
7. Analyse Christaller's Central Place Theory and the modifications introduced in it and
examine its relevance in the present day context.
8. Discuss the various sources of energy and their uses. Suggest the measures to
overcome the present day energy crisi s.
PAPER-II-1988
Candidates should attempt 5 questions in all, selecting at least two questions from each
Section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following question (in about 200 words each):
(a) Bring out the role of irrigation in rural development of India.
(b) Give the geographical cases of unity and diversity in India
(c) Discuss the utilization and conservation of coal of India resources.
www.xaam.in
Page 28
(d) Evaluate the Koppen's scheme of climatic regionalization of India.
2. Explain the salient features of the structure, relief and drainage of the Himalayas.
3. Analyse the ecological significance of forests in different regions of India indicating
the impact of rapid deforestation.
4. Analyse the relationship between cropping intensity and agricultural productivity and
throw light on the measures of increasing the cropping intensity in India.
SECTION B
xaam.in
(a) Location and growth of Fertilizer Industry in India.
(b) Characteristics of Rural-Urban Fringe in India.
(c) Significance of District Planning in India.
(d) The Sino-Indian Boundary.
6. Discuss the process, pattern and impact of urbanisation in India.
7. Differentiate between River Basin and Command Area. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of River Basins as planning regions in India. Give concrete examples.
8. Demarcate the major industrial regions of India and analyse the structure and
contribution to the national economy of any one of them.
1989
PAPER-I
remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry
equal marks
of them:
(a) Paradeep
(b) Karaikal
(c) Bhilai
www.xaam.in
Page 29
(d) Baramula
(e) Pachmari
(f) Gulf of Mannar
(g) Damodar River Valley
(h) Sindri
(i) Chilka Lake
(j) Bandipur
OR
xaam.in
of them:
(a) Irrawady River
(b) Nevada Desert
(c) Pearl Harbour
(d) Libya
(e) Tel Aviv
(f) Honduras
(g) Urals
(h) Gulf of Mexico
(i) Patagonia
(j) The Vatican city
words:
(a) Rejuvenated landforms
(b) Ocean bottom relief
(c) Major cultural realms of the world
(d) Classification of cities
SECTION A
www.xaam.in
Page 30
3. Explain the origin, characteristics and distribution of temperate cyclones.
4. Divide the world into major biotic regions and explain the basis of your division.
5. Examine the causes of ecological imbalances and briefly explain the measures taken
to rectify them.
SECTION B
6. Write an essay on the contribution of European geographers to the development of
geographic thought.
7. Discuss in detail the Heartland concept of Mackinder and the criticism it has attracted
xaam.in
in recent years.
8. Review in detail the various theories of the location of industries.
PAPER-II- 1989
SECTION A
equal marks
1. Answer any three of the following questions in about 200 words each:
(a) Explain the causes of soil erosion occurring over extensive areas in certain parts of
India. What measures would you suggest for solving this problem?
(b) Discuss the problems of the tribal areas and suggest measures for solving them.
(c) Assess the fish resources of India and examine the present and future prospects of
their exploitation.
(d) Analyse the spatial patterns of the utilization of ground water for tube-well irrigation
in different parts of India.
2. Give an outline of the geological history of the Peninsular India and in its terms.
Explain the salient features of the relief of the areas.
3. Analyse the recent trends in the growth and density of population of India and
evaluate the socio-economic and environmental problems generated by them.
4. Formulate a suitable agricultural land-use policy that will achieve the twin goals of
optimum agricultural efficiency and crop productivity.
www.xaam.in
Page 31
SECTION B
(a) Decentralization of industries for achieving regional balance in economic growth
(b) Significance of inland waterways in the development of transportation and trade
(c) Role of rural markets in regional development
(d) Regional consciousness and national integration
6. Attempt a spatial analysis of the development of minerals based industries in relation
to mineral resource potentialities and their exploitation in different states of India.
xaam.in
7. Discuss the recent trends in urbanisation in India and briefly describe the main
characteristics and problems of the major Indian cities.
8. Analyse the prevailing patterns of regional disparities in the socio-economic
development of India and evaluate the rol e of the five-year plans in reducing them.
PAPER-I-1990
of them:
(a) Sardar Sarovar
(b) Mandapam
(c) Kovalam
(d) Hassan
(e) Gulf of Cambay
(f) Poonch
(g) Mount Abu
(h) Willington Island
(i) Dibrugarh
(j) Raniganj
OR
www.xaam.in
Page 32
of them:
(a) The Carpathians
(b) Rhone River
(c) Helsinki
(d) Luxembourg
(e) Dead Sea
(f) Lake Victoria
(g) Niagra Waterfalls
xaam.in
(h) Christ Church
(i) Kalgoorlie
(j) Prairies
words:
(a) Plate tectonics
(b) Land capability
(c) Diffusion of innovation in agricultural technology
(d) Quantitative and behavioural revolutions in Geography
SECTION A
3. Analyse the differences in the models of slope evolution proposed by Davis and Penk.
4. Explain the basic criteria used in Thornthwaite's 1948 classification of climates.
5. Discuss the theories of the formation of coral reefs proposed by Daly, Darwin and
Davis.
SECTION B
6. Examine the causes of the international migrations of the last 50 years or so and the
socio-economic and political problems generated by them.
7. Enumerate the different models of the internal structure of cities. Choose one of
them and discuss it in its application to a particular city.
8. Give an account of the spatial pattern of world food production and analyse the
related problems of malnutrition and malnutriti on diseases.
www.xaam.in
Page 33
PAPER-II-1990
SECTION A
(a) What is the significance of land capability classification in land use planning? Explain
the method of long capability classification adopted by the All India land use and soil
survey organisation.
(b) Critically examine the political consequences of the regionalization of our country on
the basis of language.
xaam.in
(c) Analyse the cause of the low literacy rate of India. Suggest feasible measures for
raising the literacy level.
(d) Discuss the spatial variation in the developmental levels of canal irrigation in India in
relation to the physical setting.
2. Explain some of the important theories of the origin of the South -West monsoon in
India. Evaluate the impact of its characteristics with occurrence of floods and droughts in
different parts of our country.
3. Assess the fossil fuel reserves of India in terms of current and future demands for
energy. Examine the present and future and prospects of their utilization.
4. Analyse critically whether the existing cropping in different parts of India would need
any change for better agriculture performance in future.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each, on any three of the followi ng:
(a) Location and development of cement industry
(b) Function, Classification and hierarchy of urban settlements
(c) Growth of urban slums and problems associated with them
(d) The international boundary of India and related issues
6. Evaluate the contribution of the major ports of India to its international trade.
7. Construct a spatial pattern of industrial development in our country. Identify the
industrially back ward areas and asses their potentialities for future development.
8. What is meant by integrated rural development planning? What are its components?
www.xaam.in
Page 34
What has been the extent of its success in relation to its objectives.
Geography-1991
PAPER-I
of them:
(a) Bhadravati
(b) Chumbi Valley
xaam.in
(c) Lakshadweep
(d) Palk Strait
(e) Hirakund Reservoir
(f) Parasnath HILL
(g) Port Blair
(h) Main Boundary Fault
(i) Bombay High
(j) Area receiving less than 25cm (10) rainfall.
Or
of them:
(a) Caucasus Mountains
(b) Iceland
(c) Lake Chad
(d) Taklamakan Desert
(e) Lianos
(f) Gulf Stream
(g) Maldives
(h) Great Barrier Reef
(i) Danube River
www.xaam.in
Page 35
(j) Caracas
2. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should be in about 200
words).
(a) Polycyclic landforms
(b) Hydrological cycle
(c) World energy crisis
(d) Concept of 'Limits to Growth'
SECTION A
xaam.in
3. Analyse the sequential development of landforms in either Karst or Coastal region.
4. Draw a hypsographic curve to represent the major physicographic units of the ocean
and comment on their permanency.
5. Explain the origin, distribution and characteristics of tropical cyclones.
SECTION B
6. Explain the major contribution by Arab geographers of the early medieval period in
the development of geographic thought.
7. Trace and account for the various trends of population growth in the world during
the present century.
8. Examine the world patterns of industrial development and explain the problems of
industrial development of national levels.
PAPER-II-1991
SECTION A
(a) Explain the origin and consequences of earthquakes in the Himalayas with special
reference to the Uttarkashi earth quake 1991.
(b) Analyse the extent of urban population growth in India in the last four decades.
(c) Critically examine the relationship between deforestation and environmental
degradation with specific examples from any one region in India.
(d) What is meant by Operation Flood? Discuss the manner of its implementation and its
success in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 36
2. Elucidate the character of the Himalayan Rivers and examine their role in the Indian
plains.
3. Identify the major tribal communities in India by regions and examine the problems
common to all of them and the ways of their solution.
4. Discuss the role of animal husbandry in the agricultural economy of India with special
reference to any one region.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each, on any three of the following:
xaam.in
(a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Industrial Centralisation with specific
examples.
(b) Give an account of the major groups of agro based industries of Ind ia. Critically
examine their contribution to regional economy and rural employment.
(c) Explain the basis and characteristics of Dispersed Settlements in the N.E. Region of
India.
(d) Discuss the political issued involved in the Tin Bigha or Siachen di spute.
6. Analyse the role of different types of transport in the commodity flows of the Delta
regions of East India.
7. Explain the hierarchical pattern of Indian cities and discuss their growth and
distribution.
8. Discuss the changes brought about in Indian agriculture by the successive Five-Year
Plans, mentioning their successes and failures.
Geography-1992
PAPER-I
of them:
(a) Kalpakkam
(b) Shyok Valley
(c) Salsette Is
www.xaam.in
Page 37
(d) Adam's Bridge
(e) Farakka Barrage
(f) Rajmahal Hills
(g) Itanagar
(h) Somnath
(i) Khetri
(j) Alignment of Konkan Railway under construction.
OR
xaam.in
of them:
(a) Appalachian Highlands
(b) Malagasy
(c) Lake Victoria
(d) Gobi Desert
(e) Pampas
(f) Labrador Current
(g) Tasmania
(h) Guiana Shield
(i) Mississippi-Missouri
(j) Leningrad
2. Write short notes on any three of the following, (each answer should be in about 200
words):
(a) Classification of Earth Movements
(b) Concept of Ecosystem
(c) Land capability versus Land use efficiency
(d) Central place theory
SECTION A
3. Explain the factors causing rejuvenation in landscape and describe the resultant
www.xaam.in
Page 38
landforms.
4. Discuss the origin, movements and characteristics of air masses and explain their role
in influencing world climates.
5. Present a classification of the soils of the world and give their economic significance.
SECTION B
6. Give a comparative assessment of the works of Humboldt and Ritter leading to the
foundation of modern geographical thought.
7. Citing suitable examples from India, explain the role of site and other physical factors
xaam.in
in determining the types and patterns of rural settlements.
8. Discuss the theories of Industrial location propounded by any two of the following:
Weber: Hoover and Smith.
PAPER -II-1992
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 word each:
(a) Explain the characteristics and productivity of the Regur black soils of India
(b) Discuss the role of social forestry in any one region of India.
(c) Explain the distribution and characteristics of dry zone agriculture.
(d) What is meant by Green Revolution? Explain its successes and failures.
2. Discuss the major characteristics of the Indian monsoon with special emphasis on the causative
factors.
3. Examine critically the major factors responsible for the growth of two highest population density
zones in India.
4. Explain the distribution of the major mineral resources of the Deccan plateau together
with the extent of their exploitation.
SECTION B
(a) Types of rural industries and their basi s in the Rajasthan Gujarat region.
(b) Major characteristics of the rural-urban fringe around metropolitan cities.
(c) Salient features of Tribal area planning.
www.xaam.in
Page 39
(d) Major issues involved in the sino-Indian boundary conflict. 6. Discuss the basis on
which the current network of Airways is built in India, highlighting its role in the overall
transportation milieu.
7. Describe briefly the internal structure of Indian cities, together with the ensuling
problems. Illustrate your answer with specific examples.
8. Examine critically the advantages and disadvantages of multi -level planning with
special reference to India.
1993
xaam.in
PAPER-I-
words in your answer-book what you consider the most significant aspect of each one of
them:-
(a) Pokaran
(b) Banihal
(c) Kolleru Lake
(d) Minicoy Is.
(e) Maikal Range
(f) Sabarmati River
(g) Nunmati
(h) Bababudan Hills
(i) Singrauli Coalfield
(j) 35ºC June Isotherm
OR
them:-
(a) Great Dividing Range
(b) Cyprus
(c) Yellow Sea
www.xaam.in
Page 40
(d) Rub-al-Khali
(e) Selvas
(f) Agulhas Current
(g) Laurentian Plateau
(h) Str. Of Gibralltar
(i) Rhine River
(j) Hammerfest
xaam.in
words):
(a) Treppen concept
(b) Biotic succession
(c) Measures of agricultural efficiency
(d) System approach in Geography
SECTION A
3. Discuss, with examples, the influence of volcanism and diastrophism on the evolution
of landscape.
4. Give a reasoned account of the distribution of salinity in the oceans and partially
enclosed seas.
5. Define ecosystem and describe briefly its various components. Also discuss how and
to what extent the modern man has affected the various types of ecosystems.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the major international streams of migration in the world in recent times and
account for the relationship that exists between population pressure areas and migration
prospects.
7. Define umland and discuss, with specific examples, the criteria for its delimitation.
8. Give an account of the agricultural typology of the world as presented by Whittlesey
and critically examine the parameters used in its delineation.
PAPER-II-1993
Candidates should attempt Q. 1 and 5 which are compul sory, and any three of the
www.xaam.in
Page 41
equal marks
SECTION A
(a) Explain the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in
India and discuss its role in coastal ecology.
(b) Elucidate the current population policy of India and comment on its effectiveness.
(c) Explain the role of institutional factors in the development of agriculture in India.
xaam.in
(d) Analyses the changes in the literacy rate during the post independence period in India.
2. 'India presents an example of unity in diversity.' Elucidate this statement in this
context of India's physical and human aspects.
3. Delineate the flood prone areas of India by drawing a sketch map in the answer book
and discuss the causes and consequences of floods in the North Indian plains.
4. Critically examine the marine resources of India and discuss the problems
encountered in their development.
SECTION B
(a) Growth of agro-based industries in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
(b) Role and characteristics of rural market centres in different parts of Indi a.
(c) Distinguishing features of an urban slum and its position in metropolitan area.
(d) Major causes for regional disparities in the development of India.
6. Identify the important periods of industrialisation in India and analyse the character of
its two most developed industrial regions.
7. Discuss briefly the overall pattern of inter-regional trade in India.
8. Examine critically the geographical basis of the Indian federation.
Geography-1994
PAPER-I
words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each
www.xaam.in
Page 42
one of them:-
(a) Barren Island
(b) Marmagao
(c) Agartala
(d) Vadodara
(e) Tapi
(f) Rana Pratap Sagar
(g) Kavaratti Island
xaam.in
(h) Leh
(i) Badrinath
(j) Atomic Power Project in U.P.
OR
one of them:-
(a) White Sea
(b) Zambezi River
(c) Tianshan Range
(d) Hawarian Islands
(e) Abidjan
(f) Windhoek
(g) Canberra
(h) Areas of Mediterranean type of climate in Australia
(i) Lake Balkhash
(j) Pyongyang.
words:
(a) Bioldiversity
(b) Models in Geography
www.xaam.in
Page 43
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Slums and squatter settlements
SECTION A
3. Discuss the concept of cycle of erosion and bring out clearly the difference between
the view of Davis and Penck.
4. Explain the basis of Koppen's classification of climates. Also mention its merits and
limitations.
5. Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological aspects of the
xaam.in
monsoon region.
SECTION B
6. Examine critically the concepts of 'determinism' and possibilism. Bring out the
significance of regional concept.
7. Oil has placed in the hands of Arab nations a tremendous geopolitical weapon with
which to wield power. Comment.
8. Discuss Van Thunen's model of agricultural land use and examine if the model is
applicable in India.
PAPER-II-1994
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words:
(a) Explain the drainage characteristics of Peninsular India.
(b) Elucidate the population density types in India.
(c) Examine the nature and extent of environmental degradation in the Himalayas.
(d) Explain the salient features of Sardar Sarover Project and elucidate the controversy
related to its implementation.
2. Discuss the recent theories put forward to explai n the
origin and mechanism of the Indian Monsoon.
3. Examine the forest resources of India and explain the principles of conservation which
could be applied to improve the forest wealth of India.
4. Differentiate between agricultural efficiency and agricultural productivity and discuss
www.xaam.in
Page 44
…… the methods used in the determination of agricultural0. efficiency in India.
SECTION B
(a) Identification of industrially backward areas and problems in their development.
(b) Competitive and complementary character of the Indian rail -route and road network.
(c) Internal structure of an Indian city.
(d) Problems of militancy in India's border states.
6. Draw a sketch map to delineate the major industrial complexes of India and discuss
xaam.in
their important characteristics.
7. Bring out the salient characteristics of Indian urbanization with suitable examples.
8. Discuss the growth of regional planning in India and account for regional disparities in
development.
Geography-1995
PAPER-I
one of them:-
(a) Kolleru lake
(b) Maikal range
(c) Palghat
(d) Darjeeling
(e) Ellora
(f) Ran of Kachchh
(g) January Isotherm of 20 C
(h) Ghanghara River
(i) Bokaro
(j) Corbett Park
OR
www.xaam.in
Page 45
one of them:-
(a) Danube river
(b) Leipzig
(c) Sierra Nevada
(d) Washington D.C.
(e) Red Sea
xaam.in
(f) Canadian National Railway
(g) Ashkhabad
(h) Ulan Bator
(i) Port Said
(j) Pampas
words each):
(a) Natural Hazards
(b) Inversion of temperature
(c) Food from the sea
(d) Dryland farming
SECTION A
3. Discuss the limitations of the theory of Continental Drift and show how the theory of
Plate Tectonics is an improvement over it.
4. Explain the life-cycle of a temperate cyclone and also describe the weather associated
with it.
5. 'Man must realize the importance of maximizing agricultural production without
destroying the ecological basis on which our entire food production systems rests.' Explain
with examples.
SECTION B
6. Discuss the contributions of Al Biruni towards the development of geographical
www.xaam.in
Page 46
knowledge.
7. Examine the theories about population control and explain the relative merits of these
theories in limiting population growth.
8. Explain and illustrate the models of internal structure of cities as proposed by Burgess
and Hovt. Mention also the limitations of these models.
PAPER-II-1995
SECTION A
xaam.in
(a) Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of rainfall in India.
(b) Examine the origin and characteristics of the soils of the North Indian Plain.
(c) Discuss the problems of tribal areas in India.
(d) Elucidate the measures taken to limit the growth of population in India.
2. Draw a sketch-map in your answer book to delineate the main physiographic regions
of India and provide a reasoned account of the relief and structure of the Himalayan
region.
3. Examine the fossil fuel resources of India with particular reference to the present and
future demands for energy.
4. Discuss the role of infrastructural, scientific and technological development in the
recent transformation of Indian agriculture.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each or any three of the following:
(a) Recent changes in India's basic industrial policy.
(b) Role of rural market centres in promoting intra and inter-regional trade.
(c) Land-use characteristics of the rural urban fringe in India.
(d) Importance of India in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean realm.
6. Examine critically the factors for the localization of iron and steel industry in India with
special reference to the newer centres of steel production.
7. Explain, with the help of suitable examples and illustrations, the distribution of various
patterns of rural settlements in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 47
8. Give the hierarchy of planning regions and bring out the role of metropolitan
planning in fostering regional development in India.
Geography-1996
PAPER-I
one of them:-
(a) Malwa Plateau
xaam.in
(b) Pamban Island
(c) Zaskar Range
(d) The Godavari
(e) Koyana Project
(f) Gold mines of India
(g) Ranthambore
(h) Barauni
(i) Nanda Devi biosphere
(j) Rourkela
OR
one of them:-
(a) Caribbean Sea
(b) Atlas Mountain
(c) River Rio Grande
(d) Jiticaca
(e) Paris
(f) Canaries Current
(g) Ouagadougou
(h) Verkhoyansk
www.xaam.in
Page 48
(i) Mauritius
(j) Melbourne
words):
(a) Growth of population and food resources of the world
(b) Desertification and its preventive measures
(c) Globalization of trade and industry
(d) Man and the Amazon rainforest
xaam.in
SECTION A
3. Discuss the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering and show their
relationship with soil formation.
4. Examine critically the drawbacks of Koppen's Classification of climates. Explain how
Thornthwaite attempted to overcome Koppen's limitations.
5. Explain and illustrate the ocean floor topography and give a detailed account of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
SECTION B
6. "The emergence of Behavioural Geography was due to the disillusionment with
axioms on which models were based and the axioms were far removed from reality."
Comment.
7. Examine the bases of classification of agricultural regions as proposed by Whittlesey
and explain the causes for the essential different between intensive subsistence tillage with
rice dominant and without rice in the crop association.
8. Without the Mediterranean Europe could not be held, with out the Middle East the
Mediterranean could not be held. Discuss.
PAPER-II-1996
SECTION A
(a) Examine the origin and characteristics of the antecedent drainage system of the
Himalayas.
www.xaam.in
Page 49
(b) Explain the criteria used in the identification of drought-prone areas in India.
(c) Discuss the distribution and characteristics of the evergreen forest in India.
(d) Elucidate the genesis of ethnic and cultural diversities in India.
2. Draw a sketch-map in your answer book to delineate the main climatic regions of
India and discuss the important climatic characteristics of each region.
3. Critically examine the metalliferous mineral resources of India with particular
reference to their present and future demands.
4. Discuss the importance of irrigation in Indian Agriculture and describe the methods of
xaam.in
irrigation practised in either the Ganga Valley or the Karnataka-Maharashtra region.
SECTION B
(a) Geographical impediments in the development of inland waterways in India.
(b) Factors for the growth of slums in the metropolitan cities of India.
(c) Magnitude of regional imbalances in economic development in India.
(d) Geographical basis of the Indian Federation.
6. Analyse the factors for the localization of either the cotton textile or the sugar
industry in India and note the recent trends in the industry.
7. Name the million cities of India according 2001 census and critically examine the
factors for unprecedented growth in their population in the last 50 years.
8. Explain the salient features of the tribal development programme with particular
reference to either Dandakaranya or Chotanagpur.
1997
PAPER-I-
1. On the outline map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than
ten words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of
each one of them:-
(a) Mettur Dam
(b) Kaziranga Park
(c) Loktak lake
www.xaam.in
Page 50
(d) Puri
(e) Vidhyan Mountains
(f) Mahanadi
(g) Itanagar
(h) Haldia
(i) Sunderbans
(j) Khetri copper mines
OR
xaam.in
On the world map provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words in
your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each one of
them:-
(a) Lake Erie
(b) Black Forest
(c) New York
(d) Jamaica
(e) Falkland Island
(f) Winnipeg
(g) Lake Mansarovar
(h) Tigris River
(i) Sharjah
(j) Area of Mediterranean climate in Africa
words):
(a) Buffer zone
(b) Marine resources, biotic, mineral and energy resources
(c) Weathering and soil formation
(d) Rural-urban fringe
SECTION A
3. Discuss the concept of polycyclic landforms and present an analytical study of the
www.xaam.in
Page 51
polycyclic landforms of a selected region.
4. Define air masses. How do they originate? Classify them and state the characteristics
of any one type.
5. Examine critically the theories of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.
SECTION B
6. "Water is a scarce resource in plenty." Comment and discuss its importance in the balanced habitat
development. Support your answer with examples from Asia.
7. Critically examine Alfred Weler's Theory of the Location of Industries.
8. Critically examine the concept of dualism with special reference to physical versus human Geography.
xaam.in
PAPER-II-1997
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following question in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the origin and main geographic feature of Thar Desert of India
(b) Examine the significance of social forestry in the rural economy of India.
(c) Examine the genesis of racial diversity in India.
(d) Discuss the impact of green revolution on the agricultural production in India.
2. Critically examine the factors affecting the distributional pattern of population in
India.
3. Evaluate the nature of ecological problem in India and suggest measures for their
measurement.
4. Divide peninsular India into agricultural regions. Explain the basis of such a
regionalization.
SECTION B
(a) Analyse the locational pattern of cement industry in India.
(b) Examine the census concept of urban areas in India.
(c) Discuss the nature of commodity flows in India.
(d) Evaluate the benefits of Block Level development planning in India.
6. Critically examine the locational pattern and trend of production of forest based
www.xaam.in
Page 52
industries in India.
7. Draw a sketch map of India showing major river basins. Examine the feasibility of the
concept of river basins as a planning unit.
8. Explain the basis and consequences of the establishment and implementation of
recommendations of the State Reorganisation Commission in India since 1950s.
Geography-1998
PAPER-I
xaam.in
ten words in your answer-book what you consider to be the most significant aspect of
each one of them:-
(a) Hirakund Darn
(b) Konkan Coast
(c) Satpura Range
(d) Narmada River
(e) Lava Region
(f) Paradip Port
(g) Visakhapatnam
(h) Lucknow
(i) Chilka Lake
(j) Bangalore
OR
On the world map provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words in
your answer-book, what you consider to be the most significant aspects of each one of
them:
(a) Caspian Sea
(b) Hwang Ho River
(c) Gulf of Oman
(d) Madagascar Island
(e) Appalachian Mountain
www.xaam.in
Page 53
(f) Gibson Desert
(g) Sicily Island
(h) Palk Strait
(i) Dogger Bank
(j) Amazon River
words):
(a) Soil genesis
xaam.in
(b) Geomorphic processes
(c) Locational Triangle
(d) Types of Farming
SECTION A
3. Discuss the concept of volcanicity and show how the theory of Plate Tectonics
explains the mechanism of volcanism and volcanic eruptions.
4. Discuss the nature and composition of earth's atmosphere.
5. Explain and illustrate the submarine relief of the Atlantic Ocean.
SECTION B
6. What is understood by quantification in Geography? Discuss the significance of
quantification in modern geographical studies with examples.
7. Explain the term resource management. Discuss its relevance in the context of global
resource scarcity and the future of mankind.
8. Examine the impact of advanced agricultural technology on environment. Support
your answer with examples.
PAPER-II-1998
SECTION A
(a) Evaluate the feasibility of the proposed Ganga-Cauveri drainage link.
(b) Discuss the role of institutional factors in the efficiency and productivity of agriculture
in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 54
(c) Examine the resources of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(d) Bring out the present day position of exploitation and processing of nuclear minerals
in India.
2. Critically examine the problems and prospects of tribal areas in India.
3. Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions of Indi a.
4. Examine the pattern of distribution and mode of exploitation of bauxite in India.
SECTION B
xaam.in
(a) Examine the importance of industrial estates in India.
(b) Discuss the geographical control of rural settlement pattern in India.
(c) Explain the role of railways as a unifying factor in Indian economy.
(d) Discuss the geopolitical importance of Indian Ocean area.
6. Bring out the trands in the development of fertilizer industry in India.
7. Discuss the concept of city region and referring to Indian cities, examine critically
functional indicators used for delimiting the city region.
8. Discuss the role of languages in regional consciousness and national integration in
India.
Geography-1999
PAPER -I
ten words in your answer-book what you consider the most significant aspect of each one
of them:-
(a) Farakka barrage
(b) Kavaratti
(c) Manali-Leh highway
(d) Majuli riverain island
(e) Rajmahal hills
www.xaam.in
Page 55
(f) Palghat gap
(g) Chhattisgarh plain
(h) Luni River
(i) Karwar
(j) Anandpur Sahib
OR
On the outline map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten
xaam.in
them:-
(a) Greenwich
(b) Caribbean Sea
(c) Eritrea
(d) West Bank
(e) Dakshin Gangotri
(f) Vatican City State
(g) Great Dividing Range
(h) Tai-pei
(i) Alaska
(j) Chagai hills
2. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Cs type of climate, as per Koeppen's classification
(b) Submarine canyons
(c) Gravity model
(d) Primate city
SECTION A
3. Bring out the distinctions between the continental drift theory and the plate tectonics
theory.
4. Make a comparative study of the tropical and temperate cyclones.
5. Discuss the relevance of watershed', as an ecosystem for the purpose of sustainable
www.xaam.in
Page 56
development.
SECTION B
6. Describe the sequence of major paradigm shifts in geographic thought during the
twentieth century.
7. Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the pre-industrial and
industrial cities.
8. How far do the patterns of economic development and those of human development
correspond with each other in the world? Illustrate your answer with examples.
xaam.in
PAPER -II-1999
equal marks
SECTION A
(a) Explain the rise of the Himalayan ranges.
(b) Elucidate the mechanism of the Indian Monsoon.
(c) Examine the need for conservation of biotic resources in India.
(d) Discuss the genesis of ethnic and racial diversities in India.
2. Write an essay on the role of animal husbandry and household industries in the
development of rural economy in India.
3. Discuss the factors for the localization of either the cement or the cotton textile
industry in India and analyse the pattern of its distribution.
4. Critically examine the role of infrastructural and institutional factors in the recent
transformation of Indian agriculture.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes in about 200 words each on nay three of the following:
(a) Role of rural market centres in fostering intra and inter-regional trade in India.
(b) Hierarchical pattern of Indian towns.
(c) Nature and utility of multi-level planning in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 57
(d) Regional consciousness versus national integration in India.
6. Explain with suitable examples and sketch-maps, the distribution of various patterns
of rural settlements in India.
7. Analyse the causes of regional disparities in the economic development of India and
suggest measures for their removal.
8. Critically examine the complementary and competitive character of the Indian rail routes and the road
network.
PAPER-I- 2000
SECTION A
xaam.in
1. On the supplied outline map of the world mark any TEN of the following and write in your answer
script the most significant aspect of each of them in not more than TEN
words:
(a) Addis Ababa
(b) Vladivostok
(c) Mt. Cotopaxi
(d) Mt. Gunnbjorn
(e) Pidurutalagala
(f) Amu Darya
(g) Long Island
(h) Nubian Desert
(i) Karkloof Waterfall
(j) Yellow Sea
(k) Great Bear Lake
(l) Welland Canal
2. With reference to the theory of Plate Tectonics, explain the origin and growth of the
young Fold Mountain Systems of the world.
3. Give an account of the types and distribution of precipitation on the surface of the
earth.
www.xaam.in
Page 58
4. Discuss the causes and consequences of environmental degradation and highlight the
related conservation measures.
SECTION B
(a) T-S diagram
(b) Soil Profile
(c) Rank-Size Rule
(d) The limits to growth
xaam.in
6. Discuss the causes and consequences of population migration in the world.
7. Explain the basis and applicability of Christallar's Central Place Theory. Bring out the
recent modifications.
8. What is a region? Discuss the types of regions and the methods of regionalization.
PEPER-II- 2000
SECTION A
1. Draw an outline map of India covering the major portion of a page of your answer
book and mark on it ten of the following entries:
(a) Cauvery
(b) Narmada river
(c) Chilka lake
(d) Negarjunsagar
(e) Agra
(f) Cochin
(g) Satpura range
(h) Aravalli hills
(i) Bombay High
(j) Kaziranga national Park
(k) Kargil region
(l) National Highway No. 7
2. Describe the structure and relief features of Peninsular India.
www.xaam.in
Page 59
3. Analyse the distribution of population in India in the perspective of natural resources
and identify the over-populated and under-populated regions in the country.
4. Discuss the growth, location and distribution of Iron and Steel Industry in India.
SECTION B
(a) Explain the concept of multi-level planning in India.
(b) Analyse the recent trends in Indian International Trade.
(c) Examine the National Forest Policy of India.
xaam.in
(d) Discuss the environmental impact of the growth of slums in Indian cities.
6. Describe the salient characteristics of the morphology of Indian cities.
7. Analyse the role of India in the geo-politics of the Indian Ocean Region.
8. Give a reasoned account of either flood hazards or drought hazards occurring in
India, and also suggest measures for controlling them.
PAPER-I-2001
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in not more
than ten words:
(a) Bandung
(b) Alice Springs
(c) Mekong river
(d) Gulf of Oman
(e) Timor Island
(f) Kara Sea
(g) Atlas Mountains
(h) Gulf of Bothnia
(i) Agulhas Current
(j) Mariana Trench
www.xaam.in
Page 60
(k) Lake District
(l) Shiraz
2. Present a critical analysis of the theory of Isostasy.
3. Discuss the concept of airmasses and present their classification.
4. Discuss the concept, components and functioning of an ecosystem.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following (Each answer should be in 200
words):
xaam.in
(a) Agro-forestry
(b) Radical Approach in Human Geography
(c) Concept of optimum population
(d) Formation of coral reefs
6. Examine the spatial patterns of development disparity prevailing in the world.
7. Critically examine the role of growth centres and growth poles in regional
development process.
8. Discuss the concept and application of systems analysis in Human Geography.
PAPER-II-2001
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the geographical significance of each entry.
(a) Harishchandra Range
(b) Bhima river
(c) Semi-arid climatic zone
(d) Manas National Park
(e) Anai Mudi
(f) Sambhar lake
(g) Digboi oilfield
(h) Baghelkhand
(i) National Highway No. 8
www.xaam.in
Page 61
(j) Anjar
(k) Red and Yellow soil areas
(l) Minicoy island
2. Discuss the relief features of Indian Northern Plains.
3. Examine the geographical basis of agro-climatic planning regions of India.
4. Describe the growth, characteristics and distribution pattern of India's industrial
regions.
SECTION B
xaam.in
(a) Elucidate the sex and age structure of the population of India.
(b) Give a brief account of the second order regi ons of India's Peninsular Plateau.
(c) Explain the sequence of vegetation zones of the Himalayas.
(d) Provide the geographical background and characteristics of the distribution of Hill
Stations of India.
6. Discuss the geopolitical importance of I ndia's Land Boundaries.
7. Explain the concept of watershed and its utility in land management.
8. Explain the geographical characteristics of the regional distribution of earthquakes in
India.
PAPER-I-2002
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of every one of them in not
more than ten words each:
(a) Adam's Bridge
(b) Appalachian Mountains
(c) Bohemia
(d) Chechnya
www.xaam.in
Page 62
(e) Golden Triangle
(f) Great Artesian Basin
(g) Labrador Current
(h) Lesotho
(i) Patagonia
(j) Sahel
(k) Tasmania
(l) Yucatan Peninsula
xaam.in
2. Provide a critique of the 'geographical cycle' model, propounded by Davis.
3. Discuss the criteria which Thomthwaite adopted for his 1948 classification of world
climates.
4. Write in detail on the concept of biosphere as an ecosystem.
SECTION B
(a) Geosynclines
(b) Neo-environmentalism
(c) Isolated states
(d) Rimland Theory
6. Bring out the main points of difference between the central place theories of
Christaller and Losch.
7. Write an essay on sustainable development from the perspective of Geography.
8. To what extend do the regional patterns of economic development and human
development in the world correspond with each other? Highlight situations of departure,
in particular.
PAPER-II-2002
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any TEN of the following entries. Write brief
notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspect of each entry:-
(a) Blue Mountain
www.xaam.in
Page 63
(b) Tawa river
(c) Dallirajhara mines
(d) Marmugao
(e) Coimbatore
(f) Kodaikanal
(g) Wular lake
(h) Rourkela
(i) Konkan railway
xaam.in
(j) Laterite soils
(k) Gulf of Mannar
(l) Rana Pratap Sagar
2. Explain the origin, mechanism and characteristics of Summer Monsoon in India.
3. Critically evaluate the dual impacts of green revolution in India.
4. Discuss the oil and natural gas pipeline networks in India. Highlight their
complementary role in regional development.
SECTION B
5. Answer any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Account for the present distributional pattern of population density in India.
(b) Analyse the role of policy of liberalization on industrial landscape of India.
(c) Discuss the salient features of Cauvery Water Award.
(d) Elucidate the role of Tribal Development Blocks in development of Tribal areas.
6. Explain the causes, impacts and remedial measures of earthquake disaster.
7. In what way the language, religion and tradition can form the basis of cultural
regionalization of India? Elaborate.
8. Give a reasoned account of regional disparities in economic development in India and
bring out the contribution of decentralized planning in solving this problem.
PAPER-I-2003
SECTION A
www.xaam.in
Page 64
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you mark any TEN of the following and
than TEN words:
(a) Stewart Island
(b) Shibeli River
(c) Asuncion
(d) Catskill mountains
(e) North Cape
xaam.in
(f) Cape York Peninsula
(g) Tsugaru Strait
(h) Izmir
(i) Bay of Plenty
(j) Gulf of Darien
(k) Uranium City
(l) Zagreb.
2. Explain the sequential development of landforms associated with the coastal areas.
3. Discuss the mechanism and significance of tricellular meridional circulation of
atmosphere.
4. Present a concise account of bottom relief of the Indian Ocean.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes on any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Genesis of Soils
(b) Environmental Pollution
(c) Concept of limits to growth
(d) Regional imbalance
6. Present a critical analysis of human and welfare approaches in Human Geography.
7. Examine the concept of sphere of urban influence and discuss the qualitative and
quantitative methods used in its delimitation.
8. Critically examine the stages of Economic Growth Model propounded by Rostov.
www.xaam.in
Page 65
Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
PAPER-II-2003
SECTION A
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspect of each entry:
(i) Loktak Lake
(ii) Elephanta Island
xaam.in
(iii) Kali Sindh River
(iv) Ranikhet
(v) Girnar Hills
(vi) Alwaye
(vii) Shillong Plateau
(viii) Kolar Gold Mines
(ix) Salem
(x) Rohtang Pass
(xi) Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar
(xii) New Mangalore
2. Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage
systems.
3. Give an account of the success and prospects of Blue Revolution with comments on
its impacts on rural economy of India.
4. Discuss the growing importance of ports in foreign trade of India.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following in 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the census definition of urban areas in India
(b) Explain the concept of Command Area Development in respect of Multi-Purpose
Projects of India.
(c) Identify the drought-prone areas of India and discuss the measures of their
www.xaam.in
Page 66
development.
(d) Make an appraisal of the role of India in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.
6. Discuss the programmes and policy of development of dry areas in India.
7. Present an account of the experience of regional planning in India in the context of
Damodar Valley.
8. Explain the causes of regional disparities in economic development of India.
xaam.in
2004
PAPER-I-
equal marks
Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world supplied to you, mark any ten of the following and
also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of every one of them in not
more than ten words each:
(a) Andes
(b) Bamian
(c) Cape Horn
(d) Darwin
(e) Fiji
(f) Great Lakes
(g) Iberian Peninsula
(h) Maastricht
(i) Nunavut
(j) Pyrenees
(k) Sinai
www.xaam.in
Page 67
(l) Kalahari
2. Describe the landforms which are products of endogenetic forces.
3. How would the impact of global warming differ from one part of the earth to
another? Give a reasoned account.
4. Discuss the mid-Atlantic Ridge in terms of its origin, extent and relief.
SECTION B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 2 00 words each:
(a) Peneplain
xaam.in
(b) Pelagic deposits
(c) Potential evapotranspiration
(d) Growth pole
6. To what extent are the heartland and Rimland theories helpful in understanding the
world political situation today? Express your opinion clearly.
7. Discuss various strategies for correcting regional imbalances.
8. Distinguish between radical and welfare approaches in geographic studies.
PAPER-II-2004
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any TEN of the following entries. Write
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspects of each entry:
(a) Gulf of Kachchh
(b) Indravati River
(c) Mount Abu
(d) Ganga river waterway from Allahabad
(e) Dhauladhar range
(f) Kudremukh
(g) Gulmarg
(h) Black soils
(i) Nagarjun Sagar
(j) Bhuj
www.xaam.in
Page 68
(k) Rajrappa Fall
(l) Dimapur.
2. Discuss the role of spatial pattern of rainfall and temperature in the delimitation of
climatic regions of India, especially with reference to Stamp's climatic regionalization.
3. Identify the important biotic-resource regions of India. Highlight, in brief the problems
and remedial measures of biotic-resource conservation in India.
4. Give a comparative account of the development of River Water Transport in precolonial and post-
independence periods in India. Highlight the role of River Transport in regional development.
SECTION B
xaam.in
5. Answer any THREE of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Evaluate the population policy of India and examine its relevance to the nation's
population control.
(b) How do slums develop? Give concrete suggestions for their improvement
(c) Write an essay on the origin, dimensions and implications of Sino-Indian border
dispute.
(d) Evaluate the concept of sustainable growth and development.
6. "Economic characteristics of an area exert a much more direct effect upon its
population patterns than do the physical characteristics." Explain with examples.
7. Explain the causes, impacts and remedial measures of flood-hazards in Middle and
Lower Ganga plain.
8. Examine the regional development policy of India in various Five Year Plans.
2005
PAPER-I-
equal marks
www.xaam.in
Page 69
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the World supplied to you, mark any ten of the following and
than 10 words:
(a) Taipei
(b) Bern
(c) Lake Balaton
(d) Port Louis
xaam.in
(e) Great Barrier Reef
(f) Leeds
(g) Broken Hill
(h) Nova Scotia
(i) Madrid
(j) Moluccas
(k) Graz
(l) Mosul
2. "Structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of landforms." Discuss with
suitable examples.
3. Discuss the main features of the climatic classification system evolved by Koppen. Also
point out its anomalies.
4. Bring out the major problems of environmental pollution at global scale and suggest
measures to check it.
SECTION B
(a) Role of seismic waves in the study of earth's interior
(b) Soil erosion and conservation
(c) A real differentiation
(d) Concept of primate city
6. Examine the Heart land theory, and assess its merits and demerits.
www.xaam.in
Page 70
7. Discuss Weber's theory of industrial location, and assess its relevance in the present
day context.
8. What is a region? Discuss the methods of regionalization.
PAPER-II-2005
SECTION A
brief notes (not exceeding 30 words) on the significant aspects of the same ten entries:
(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru Port
xaam.in
(b) Chandra Bhaga River
(c) Kaimur Range
(d) Dalhousie
(e) Ganga Sagar
(f) Indira Point
(g) Cardamom Hills
(h) Bombay High
(i) Nag Pahar
(j) Gersoppa Falls
(k) Pulicat Lake
(l) Kakinada
2. "Non-conventional energy is the energy of the future in India." Justify this statement.
3. Present an account of the success and constraints of White Revolution in India.
4. What is the Golden Quadrilateral? Discuss the progress made in its execution and
impacts on Indian economy.
SECTION B
(a) Identify the tribal of India and highlight their important problems.
(b) Discuss briefly the principal types of rural settlements in India.
(c) Elucidate the concept of sustainable growth and development.
(d) Discuss Panchayati Raj as a measure of decentralized planning in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 71
6. Give an account of the distribution of flood-prone areas of India and the programmes
and policy of controlling the impact of floods in the country.
7. Examine the relationship between Geography and regional planning.
8. Discuss the experience of regional planning in India in the context of the National
Capital Region.
PAPER-I-2006
xaam.in
equal marks
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the world provided to you, mark the location of nay ten of the
following. Also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in
not more than 10 words:
(a) Kulti
(b) Mount Adam
(c) Pidurutala Galle
(d) Yangon
(e) Kuala Terengganu
(f) Brunei
(g) East Timor
(h) Greater Kinghan
(i) Shanghai
(j) Ulan Bator
(k) Dodoma
(l) Tshwane
2. Critically evaluate the continental drift hypothesi s of A. Wegener.
3. Compare the structure and associated weather conditions of tropical cyclone with
that of temperate cyclone.
www.xaam.in
Page 72
4. Discuss the global ecological imbalances and their management.
SECTION B
(a) Distribution of soils
(b) Cultural regions of the world
(c) Sustainable development
(d) Ocean currents of Northern Atlantic Ocean
6. In urban Geography, what are the concepts of primate city and Rank Si ze Rule?
xaam.in
Discuss in details.
7. What is the concept of a region? Discuss the types of regions.
8. Write down main agricultural types and their associated features with special
reference to Whittlesey. Show these regions on the world map provided to you.
PAPER-II-2006
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied, any ten of the following entries. Write
(a) Malaygiri
(b) Sibsagar
(c) Khetri
(d) Kolleru lake
(e) Sind river
(f) Kalakot
(g) Nathula pass
(h) Renukoot
(i) Sabarigiri
(j) Surendranagar
(k) New Moore Island
(l) Javadi hills
2. Give a critical account of the recent theories of origin of Indian monsoon with special
www.xaam.in
Page 73
reference to Jet Stream Theory.
3. Discuss the problems and prospects of dry zone agriculture in India and highlight
strategies and schemes for its development.
4. Trace the evolution of industries in India & evaluate the role of multinationals &
liberalization policies in this context.
SECTION B
5. Write any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the causes and consequences of sex-ratio variations in India.
xaam.in
(b) Examine the geographical basis of Indian federalism.
(c) Write an essay on the population explosion and food security in India.
(d) Discuss the elements and approaches of town planning in India.
6. Explain the morphology of Indian cities in the background of existing morphological
models.
7. Present an account of tribals, tribal areas and their problems in India.
8. Explain the processes and patterns of regional disparities in India and suggest suitable
measures for brining about the regional balances.
PAPER-I-2007
equal marks
SECTION A
1. On the outline map of the Africa provided to you, mark the location of any ten of the
following. Also write in your answer script the most significant aspect of each of them in
not more than 10 words.
(a) Casablanca
(b) Kimberley
(c) Aswan
(d) Kalahari
(e) Alexandria
www.xaam.in
Page 74
(f) Durban
(g) Lagos
(h) Luanda
(i) Lake Victoria
(j) Cape Town
(k) Niger Delta
(l) Maputo
2. Discuss the development of local winds, and their influence on local weather, giving
xaam.in
three examples of the well-known local winds in the world.
3. Discuss the different bases for classifying the ocean deposits and give a detailed
account of pelagic deposits of the oceans.
4. Define the concept of isostasy and discuss the postulations of Airy and Pratt.
SECTION B
(a) Social Forestry and environmental conservation
(b) Dualism in Geography
(c) Eustatic changes of Sea-level
(d) Delineation of Urban Fringe
6. Explain the concept of sustainable development and propose a model for agricultural
development.
7. Give an account of the functional bases to central place hierarchy.
8. Write a note on the parameters used to describe the demographic transitions in the
developing countries like India.
PAPER-II-2007
equal marks
SECTION A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied, any ten of the following entries. Write
www.xaam.in
Page 75
(a) Nagarjuna Sagar
(b) Dharmasala
(c) Aizawl
(d) Konkan Railway
(e) Kovalam Beach
(f) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
(g) ICRISAT
xaam.in
(h) Vishakhapatnam Port
(i) Panna
(j) Nuclear Fuel Complex
(k) Gurgaon
(l) Bodh Gaya
2. Explain the different views put forth about the origin of Himalayas and divide
Himalayas into vertical divisions.
3. Discuss the need of conservation and utility of water resource in India.
4. "The institutional factors have grip over the crop pattern and crop productivity on
Indian agriculture." Justify.
SECTION B
5. Write any three of the following in about 200 words each:
(a) Discuss the policies and programmes of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in India.
(b) Explain the causes and consequence of migration.
(c) Write a critical note on the Cauvery River Dispute.
(d) Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.
6. Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberali zation on the Industrial Economy/Pattern of India.
7. Discuss environmental problems of India in the context of rapid economic development and
population growth.
8. "Slums are urban menace." Elucidate with Indian cities as examples.
2008
www.xaam.in
Page 76
Paper I Section – A
a). Ozark Plateau
b). Anatolia
c). Mato Grasso
d). Pusan
e). Brooks Range
f). Dash-e Kavir
g). Cape Horn Current
xaam.in
h). Burzil Pass
i). Bass Strait
j). Kjolen
k). Santos
l). Abuja
2. Critically examine the concept of geomorphic cycle and discuss the
views of W.M.Davis and W. Penck.60
3. Discuss the mechanics and origin of the monsoon winds and explain the
role of El Nino on Monsoon circulation.60
4. Describe the ideal conditions for coral reef formation and discuss the
glacial control theory of coral reef formation. 60
Section – B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each: 20 × 3 = 60
a). Desertification as an environmental hazards
b). Primate Cities
c). Seafloor spreading theory
d). Behavioral Geography
6. Discuss the social and economic theories of population growth. 60
7. Describe the laws of international boundaries and frontier.60
8. Describe the view of von Thunen on agricultural location. 60
www.xaam.in
Page 77
Paper 2
Section – A
1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write brief notes ( not
exceeding 40 words each ) on the significant aspects of the same ten entires. 6 × 10 = 60
a). Butcher Island
b). Gopalpur Beach
c). Lavasa
d). Gandhisagar
e). Nam Dapha
xaam.in
f). Pampore
g). Mount Harrier
h). Barail Ranges
i). Palitana
j). NIO
k). Baltel
l). Pindari
2. Distinguish between the Himalayan and the peninsular drainage
system.60
3. Discuss the bases of identifying agro climate zones and explain the core
strategies for agricultural development. 60
4. Explain the factors promoting the rapid growth and development of the
automobile industry in India, giving suitable example.60
Section – B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words
each:20 × 3 = 60
a). Suggest appropriate energy policy for minimizing energy crisis in
India.
b). Describe and explain the spatial patterns of literacy in India.
c). Assess the geographical significance of Indian Ocean.
www.xaam.in
Page 78
d). Explain the concept of sustainable development and examine its relevance.
6. ‘Unplanned urban development has created numerous problems’Comment.60
7. Critically examine the bases of state reorganization in India since
Independence. 60
8. Discuss the problems and Prospects of development of catchment
and command areas.60
2009
Paper I SECTION – A
xaam.in
1. Answer the following in about 200 words each :
a) Highlights the geomorphic features essentially found in topographies under the second
cycle of Erosion. 20
b) Give a brief account of principal land biomes and their latitudinal distribution.20
c) Discuss views on slope development provided by L.C. King. 20
2. a). Identify each features that is indicated by the numerals (i)
to (x) on the world Map provided. Identification of the feature
carries 2 marks each.2×10=20
b). Mention the location of each feature in respect of + (-)
GMT. This carries 1 mark each. 1×10=10
c). provide a write up on the significance of the identified feature in approximately 40 words, this carries
3 marks each. 3×10=30
3. a). Explain factors contributing to the global climate change20
b). Discuss the consequences of Climate Change on agriculture and food security , and on
the Coastal Zones of the world. 20
c). How does Climate change affect urban areas? 20
4. a). Examine economic significance of the resources of the Continental Shelf of the Indian
Ocean. 30
b). Comment on marine heat budget and the oceanicCirculation system. 30
Section B (Human Geography)
5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:20×3=60
www.xaam.in
Page 79
a). Weight Triangle
b). ‘Limit to Growth’ Model
c). Tropical atmospheric instability
d). Zonal and Azonal soils
6. a). Provide a geographical account of global production and distribution of food.30
b). ‘Quantitative Revolution and model building provided an empirical basis for geographical research’ –
Elaborate.30
7. Elaborate the concept of Megalopolis and discuss the characteristics and problems related to two
such regions selecting one each from North America and Europe. 60
xaam.in
8. a). Provide a broad classification of world cultural regions.30
b). Highlights the significance of environmental issues in Regional Planning.30
Paper II Section A
1. On the outline map of India provided to you , mark the location of any fifteen of the following
for which 1 ( one) mark is given to each correct entry.
Write in your answer script the significance geographical relevance or strategic importance of
these locations, whether physical / commercial / economic / ecological / environmental
/cultural in not more than 30 words for each entry. 3 (three) marks are allotted for each write
up. 15×4=60
a) Akarimota
b) Kolleru Lake
c) Van Tivu
d) Silent Valley
e) Amaravati River
f) Pirotan Island
g) Mangla
h) Meghnagar
i) Shipki La
j) Bhachau
k) The Home of Sundari tree
l) Place of orgin of River Narmada
m) Gokak
www.xaam.in
Page 80
n) Ken River
o) Bailadila
p) Bhavani Sagar Dam
q) Kutralam Falls
r) Dalma Hills
s) Rangit River
t) Dhanjori Hills
. a). Discuss the formation and their distribution of the
xaam.in
major soil types of India. 30
b). Give reasons as to why rainfall variability is acharacteristic features of India’s monsoons. 30
c)Distinguish between the West and East coasts of India in terms of their evolution, present topography
and drainage pattern.60 .
d) Examine the role of raw materials in the location of the Iron and Steel Industry in India. Illustrate your
answer with suitable examples. 60
SECTION B
20×3=60
a). What is the role of the Triple Transport System in the regional development of In dia ?
b). Explain the factors responsible for the distribution of Sugar Industry in India.
c). State the geographical factors which influence rural house types in India.
d). Giving reasons , identify the chronic drought prone areas of India.
6. What are the cause and consequences of environmental degradation in India’s industrial areas? Give
specific examples. 60
7. ‚ There is no sharp divide where an urban settlement stops and rural areas begins.‛ Analyze the
statement with reference to the sprawl of Indian cities. 60
8. a). How do the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors operate for the emergence of slums in the metropolises of
India?30
b). Discuss the impact of globlisation of India’s industry and agriculture sectors. 30
Geography 2010
paper 1
www.xaam.in
Page 81
1. write short notes on the following about 200 words . 15×4 =60
a. essential conditions for development of karst topography
b. ocean deposits
c. inversion of temperature
d. floristic kingdoms, based on their global distribution
2. a. bring out the relevance of seismic study i n determining the structure of the interior of
the earth . 30 mrks
b. weathering is complex phenomenon involving a number of process & is influenced by
xaam.in
various factors. Elaborate. 30 mrks
3. a. what is polar front? How does cyclone develop along this fron t? Describe the weather
conditions associated with it. 30 mrks
b. examine the various kinds of atmospheric humidity & their associated forms. 30 mrks
4.a. explain the scientifically sound methods of bathymetry & give an account of the
bottom topography of the atlantic ocean. 30 mrks
b. give an account of the structure of ecosystem & describe its functional aspects. 30 mrks
section b
5. write the short explanatory notes on the following: 12×5 = 60
a . neo-determinism
b. occidental culture realm
c. optimum population
d. growth poles
e. von thunen’s concept of economic rent.
6.a. critically examine the method of deriving human development index. 30 mrks
b. famine to a considerable extent, ia man made hazard. Elaborate. 30 mrks
7.a. critically examine the changing perspective of on the concept of a real differentiation.
30 mrks
b. bring out the sequential improvements in models of city structure of by e. w. burgeese,
homer hoyt, & harris & ullman. 30 mrks
www.xaam.in
Page 82
8.a. discuss the role of world trade organization in determining the pattern of world trade.
30 mrks
b. huge populations of developing countries are not a curse. These may be & also are an
asset , if situations are properly managed. Elaborate on this assertion. 30 mrks.
paper 2
1. on the outline map of India provided to you , mark the location of all the following for
which 1(one) marks is given to each correct entry. Write in you answer script the significant
geographical relevance/strategic importance of these locations , whether
xaam.in
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/culture in not more than 30 words
for each entry. 3 (three) marks are allotted for each write-up. 4×15 = 60
a. narcondam
b. kavvayi
c. krishnapatanam
d. shadnagar
e. gahirmatha
f. point calimere
g. jaitapur
h. parichha
i. saltoro kangri
j. shencottah gap
k. banas river
l. phalgu river
m. sirpur
n. sanand
o. drass
2. explain Himalayan orogeny & illustrate how the process has affected the geomorphic
characteristics of marco divisions of Himalayas. 60 mrks
3. a. discuss the spatial distribution of natural vegetation in India with the help of sketched
map. 30 mrks
www.xaam.in
Page 83
b. examine the problems & prospects of agro-based industries in bihar. 30 mrks
4.a. discuss the emerging pattern of surface water utilization in India. 30 mrks
b. assess as to how surface water utilization affects food production & food security in the
country. 30 mrks
section b
5. write about the following in 250 words: 15×4 = 60
a. role of physiography in cross border terrorism
b. offshore oilfields & coastal ecology
xaam.in
c. spatial pattern of soil erosion in India
d. ethnic diversity of north-eastern states
6.a. define an epidemic & discuss the occurrence of chikungunya in India . 30 mrks
b. identify the regions affected by chikungunya with the help of sketched map & bring out
the regional pattern of the disease. 30 mrks
7.a. outline he role of class II & class III towns in urban process of India & indicate their
contribution towards balanced urban development. 30 mrks
b. how does formation of national park help ecological restoration & conservation? Explain
with suitable examples. 30 mrks
8.a. explain how demographic transaction created demographic divide in contemporary
India. 30 mks
b. what is regionalism? Discuss how regionalism affects the developmental process with
suitable examples. 30 mks.
Geography 2011
Section-A
1. Write short note on the following in about 150 words each : 12x5=60
(a) Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism
(b) Rossby waves and Jet Stream
(c) Salinity patterns in Indian Ocean
(d) Soil profile in Zonal and Azonal soils
(e) Marine Ecosystem
www.xaam.in
Page 84
2. (a) Name the climatically controlled agents of erosion. Explain how they differ in terms
of properties of matter. Compare the landforms produced by each one of them. 30
(b) Explain the concept of Isostasy as postulated by Airy and Pratt. 30
3. (a) Give an account of global distribution of precipitation. 30
(b) ‚Contemporary global climate change is an anthropogenic phenomenon.‛ Discuss. 30
4. (a) ‚Temperature, salinity and density differences in ocean water are the prime causes of
ocean water circulation.‛ Elaborate. 30
(b) Define the term biome. List the terrestrial biomes and describe the characteristics of
xaam.in
Savanna biome. 30
Section-B
5. Write short explanatory notes on the following : 12x5=60
(a) Welfare Approach in Human Geography
(b) Secondary cities in the context of urbanization in developing world
(c) Isodapane in the Theory of Industrial Location
(d) Population and Food security
(e) Ingredients of Sustainable Development
6. (a) Discuss the impact of positivism in paradigm shift in Geography. 30
(b) Enumerate alternative strategies of planning for backward regions. 30
7. (a) Distiguish between boundaries and frontiers. Identify different types of boundaries.
(b) Mention the agricultural regions as classified by whittlessey and discuss their
relevance. 30
8. (a) Discuss System Approach and its applicability in Geography. 30
(b) Critically examine the salient features of Central Place Theory propounded by Christaller
and Losch. 30
Paper-II
Section-A
1. On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of All of the following
for which 1 (One) mark is given to each correct entry.
Write in your answer script the significant geo-graphical relevance or strategic importance
www.xaam.in
Page 85
of these locations, whether physical/commercial/economic/ecological
environmental/cultural in not more than 30 words for each entry. Four (4) marks are
allotted for each write-up of these correctly marked locations. 5x12=60
(a) Badami
(b) Mandvi
(c) Dodital
(d) Yanam
(e) Netarhat
xaam.in
(f) Shamsabad
(g) Lakshmantirath River
(h) Bara-Lacha La
(i) Kakolat Fall
(j) Singrauli
(k) Dafla Hills
(l) Tree Island
2. Present a comparative analysis of the regimes of Himalayan and Peninsular rivers of India
and examine their implications in the irrigation system of the country. 60
3. (a) Identify the major biosphere reserves of India and discuss their role in the
conservation of forest and wildlife. 30
(b) Give an account of potentiality and prospects of development of marine resources of
India. 30
4. (a) Discuss the potentiality and status of aqua-culture in the Ganga Plain. 30
(b) Assess the scope and development of Pharmaceuti cal Industry in India. 30
Section-B
5. Write about the following in about 200 words each: 15x4=60
(a) Prospects of Rainbow Revolution in India.
(b) Karewa Deposits and their economic significance.
(c) Impact of land tenure on agriculture productivity in India.
(d) Agro-forestry in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 86
6. (a) Assess the growing importance of air transport in India and examine its role in the
regional development of the country. 30
(b) Discuss the spatital pattern of intra-regional migration in India and examine its
implications in regional development. 30
7. (a) Differentiate between conurbations and metropolitan regions. Give a reasoned
account of emerging conurbations in India. 30
(b) Identify the ravine-affected areas in India and discuss the environmental and economic
impacts of their reclamation. 30
xaam.in
8. (a) Discuss the problems of environmental degradation generated by urban wastes in
India. 30
(b) Analyse the causes of desertification in India. Represent the desertified areas of the
country on a sketch map and suggest remedial measures to control it. 30
2012
Geography Paper 1 SECTION – A
1. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each:
1. Palaeozoic glacial evidence for Continental Drift.
2. Systems approach to landform analysis.
3. Compare and contrast tropical cyclone and temperature cyclone.
4. Major components of IGBP.
5. Different layers of ocean water
2. 400 words each:
1. Explain how Bosche and Haldenhang lead to the Theory of Slope Replacement.
2. Classify airmasses and explain how ‘cP’ airmass affects global climate.
3. 250 words each:
1. Discuss how different types of mining lead to different types of environmental problems.
2. Adaptation and distribution of animals in the Ethiopian realm.
3. Impact of Cryopsphare on global climate.
4. 250 words each:
1. Characteristics of the standard epigene cycle of erosion.
www.xaam.in
Page 87
2. Programmes initiated by the International Council of Science on Earth System studies.
3. “Atolls present the most challenging explaination in the evolution of coral reefs”, Discuss.
Geography Paper 1 SECTION – B
5. Write short note on the following in about 150 words each:
1. Relevance of distance decay principle in Indian cities.
2. Impact of migration on urban demography.
3. Similarities in the population distribution of southern continents and reasons for the same.
4. Status of infant morality rate in the world.
xaam.in
5. Problem faced by industries which developed due to inertia.
6. 400 words each:
1. Evaluate the various models on population density distribution in urban centres.
2. “Though 70% of Indian population is rural, urban planning is crucial to the development of
India.” Discuss.
7. 250 words each:
1. Salient features of watershed planning and its advantages and disadvantages.
2. Impact of changing fertility ratio on world population
3. “Colonial forces resulted in the primate pattern of urban process in most Southern Asian
countries.” Discuss.
8. 250 words each:
1. Regional shifts in the world urbanization after 1950 and the varied characteristics of urban
process.
2. Impact of failure of Monsoon on Gujarat Agro-climate zone.
3. Locational significance of Rotterdam in European economy.
Paper 2
SECTION – A
Q 1. Places
1. Manas
2. Bachau
3. Ganga river waterway from Allahabad
4. Indravati river
www.xaam.in
Page 88
5. Amravati river
6. Pir Panjal Range
7. Narkondam Island
8. Kharkai river
9. Kalahandi
10. Kakarapara
11. Murshidabad
12. Khetri
xaam.in
13. Pawapuri
14. Kolhan highland
15. North Koel river
Q 2.
1. Explain the structure characteristics of the Deccan plateau.
2. Discuss the role of spatial pattern of rainfall and temperature in the delimitation of climatic
region of India, specially with reference to stamp’s climatic regionalization.
Q 3.
1. Delineate the mineral belts of India and mention their distinctive features.
2. Divide India into agricultural regions and critically examine the role of ecological and human
factors responsible for transformation of agricultural economy in any one region.
Q 4. Write about following in about 200 words each:
1. Describe the development of textile industry in India.
2. Examine the role of road transport in regional development taking suitable examples from an
area you have studied in detail.
3. Identify the spatial pattern of agro-industrial regions of India. Analyse the potentiality of Malwa
as an important agro-industrial region of the future.
Section B
Q 5. Write about following in about 150 words each:
1. Factors affecting innovation diffusion.
2. Linguistic diversity in North-eastern states.
3. Geographical reason for the variation in literacy from state to state in India.
www.xaam.in
Page 89
4. Identity Tsunami affected areas and give their management problems in India.
5. Morphological characteristics of villages situated in hilly regions.
Q 6.
1. Evaluate the population policy of India and examine its relevance to the nation’s population
control.
2. Give an account of geographical conditions responsible for the development of different types
of rural settlement in India.
Q 7.
1. Examine the origin, dimensions and implications of the Sino-Indian border dispute.
xaam.in
2. Exaplain the causes, impact and remedial measures of flood-hazards in the middle Ganga plain.
Represent the flood-affected areas of middle Ganga plain on a sketch map in your answer-book.
Q 8. Write about the following in about 200 words each:
1. Examine the relevance of linkage of rivers in India with special reference to Ganga-Cauveri
linkage canal.
2. How age structure affects dependency ratio? Explain with suitable examples.
3. Elucidate the role of Tribal Development Blocks in the development of Tribal area.
2013
Question 1 (Compulsory)
Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10 marks x 5 = 50
1. Differences between Normal cycle and Arid cycle of Davis.
2. Differentiate Storm Surges and Seiches.
3. Uniqueness of fauna in the Notogean realm.
4. Impact of Pleistocene Ice Age on the crust of the Earth.
5. Types of endemic plants and their degree of vulnerability to extinction.
Question 2
Answer the following in about 250 words each:
1. With suitable examples, bring out the impact of local winds on the climate of an area. 20
2. What are the characteristics that make CHC a serious threat to the ecosystem? Give examples.
15
3. What is ‘Base level’? Explain the types of base level. 15
www.xaam.in
Page 90
Question 3
1. “Offshore Acoustic Study helped the development of the concept of sea floor spreading.”
Explain.20
2. Discuss Dew point and the various forms of condensation. 15
3. Bring out the relationship between climate and vegetation in the Mountain Biome.15
Question 4
Answer the following in about 400 words each: 25 x 2=50
1. Compare the Subsidence and Glacial control theories on the formation of coral reefs. 25
xaam.in
2. Explain the levels of Noise pollution and the legislative measures to control it. 25
SECTION B
Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10 marks x 5 = 50 marks
1. ”Ellen Churchill Semple is an ardent supporter of Determinism.” Explain.
2. Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil.
3. Misra’s theoretical stages of Rural – Urban Process.
4. Countries most affected in case of shut-down of Nuclear power.
5. Relevance of Heartland theory in Contemporary world.
Question 6
1. What is Geriatrics? What are the problems associated with Geriatric population? 20
2. Discuss the changing pattern of production and export of Coffee in the world. 10
3. What are the basic postulates in the Central Place Model of Christaller? 20
Question 7
Answer the following in about 250 words each :
1. “Urban Solid Waste Management poses the greatest challenge in Metropolitan planning.’
Elaborate.
2. Analyse the reasons for a comparatively poorer development of fishing grounds in tropical
areas.
www.xaam.in
Page 91
3. Explain the parameters for assessment and the spatial pattern of Human Development Index in
the world.
Question 8
Write about the following in about 400 words each. 25 Marks x 2 = 50 marks
1. “Urban Geography is nothing but city “in” area and city “as” area.” Elaborate.
2. Analyse the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.
Geography Paper II Section A
1. On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all of the following. Write in
xaam.in
your Booklet the significance of these locations, whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural, in not more than 30 words
for each entry : 2×5=10
a. Mishmi Hills
b. Lipulekh Pass
c. Bees River
d. Rihand Dam
2. Explain the topographical and structural characteristics of the Siwalik Range. (10 marks| 150
words)
3. Discuss the mechanism of Indian Monsoon. (10 marks| 150 words)
4. Identify the main industrial clusters of India and account for their development. (10 marks| 150
words)
5. Explain the method of delineating crop-association regions with reference to India. (10 marks|
150 words)
Question 2
1. Discuss the potentiality and present status of horticulture in the Western and Central Himalaya.
(20m|250 words)
2. Delineate the coalfields of India and mention their distinctive features. (15|150 words)
3. Explain the role of multinationals in globalization of industries India. (15m|150 words)
Question 3
1. Distributional pattern of industries in India does not provide requisite basis for division of the
country into distinct Industrial regions. Elaborate. (25m| 250 words)
www.xaam.in
Page 92
2. Discuss the role of institutional factors in shaping the pattern of Indian agriculture. (15m| 150
words)
3. What do you understand by ‘Young India? How can the present state of population composition
be converted into an asset for the country? (15m| 150 words)
Question 4
1. Comment on the feasibility of interlinking of rivers of India and its possible contribution to
resolution of water crisis. (20m| 250 words)
2. Define agricultural productivity. Mention the methods of its measurement and bring out the
disparities in its regional distribution. (15m| 150 words)
3. Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and liberalization in industrial
xaam.in
sector of India. (15m| 150 words)
Geography Paper 2: Section B
150 words each. 10 marks x 5 = 50 marks.
1. City-regions as territorial unit for regional planning and development
2. Snags in the Food Security Policy of India
3. Demographic dividend and its implications on environment
4. Planning and development of ‘Tribal Regions’ in India
your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations, whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural, in not more than 30 words
for each entry.
a. Rajgir
b. Sindri
c. National Highway No. 24
d. Churk
e. Indira Gandhi Canal
Question 6
1. Write a note on geopolitics of the Indian Ocean realm. (20m| 250 words)
2. Comment on the basis of creation of new States in India in 2000. (15m| 150 words)
3. Enumerate the basic indicators of development and explain their application in identification of
the spatial diversity in development in India. (15m| 150 words)
www.xaam.in
Page 93
Question 7
1. Write a note on the emergence of National Settlement System in colonial India and discuss the
factors contributing to urbanization in post-independence period. (20m| 250 words)
2. Define slums and explain their problems. (15m | 150 words)
3. Discuss the objectives of Vision 2020′ in creation of viable village complex in India for Inclusive
Rural Development’ programme. (15m| 150 words)
Question 8
1. Identify the earthquake-prone zones and suggest strategy for their management. (20m| 250
words)
xaam.in
2. Describe the impact of linguistic diversity on the development of various regions of India. (15m|
150 words)
3. Describe how urbanization creates air and water pollution in India. (15m | 150 words)
2014
Geography Optional Paper 1: SECTION A
Q1. Answer the following: 150 each: 10 x 5 = 50 marks
I. Define the term ‘meander’ and describe the basic characteristics of entrenched meander and
ingrown meander.
II. Discuss the salient features of ‘sirocco’ and ‘mistral’.
III. Discuss an account of the nature of biosphere as an ecosystem.
IV. State the uniqueness of the Eurasian Steppe Biome.
V. Illustrate the origin and nature of Sargasso Sea and Lagoon
Q2. Answer following (20 + 15 + 15 marks)
I. State the concept of plate tectonics. How does it help in explaining the formation of Himalayas
and Appalachain Mountains.
II. Describe the origin and development of thunderstorms with examples.
III. Enumerate the major causes of increasing degradation of environment in hills and hillslopes,
and state its down-valley impact.
I. Discuss the nature and origin of Indian monsoon and recent techniques of its prediction.
II. State the concept of erosion surfaces and highlight the factors responsible for their
development.
www.xaam.in
Page 94
III. Give a critical account of reasons and consequences of marine pollution.
I. Explain weathering and mass wasting, and describe their geomorphic significance.
II. Define zoogeographic region.Also describe he basic faunal makeup of the Neo-Arctic
zoogeographic region.
III. Give an account of recent observation on coral bleaching with reference to Clive Wilkinson’s
Report.
Geography Optional Paper 1: SECTION B
Q5. Answer the following: 150 words each. 10 x 5 = 50 marks
xaam.in
I. Elaborate the concept of mental map.
II. Give an account of food security issues in developing countries.
III. Discuss the factors responsible for counter-urbanisation.
IV. Explain the relevance of bottom-up and top-down approaches in the development of agrarian
economy.
V. Critically analyse application of models in geography.
I. Explain the necessary conditions of takeoff and subsequent stages of development of a nation
as propounded by Rostow.
II. Discuss environmental and economic problems associated with coal production.
III. Discuss the contribution of geographers in the development of radical geography.
I. Giving suitable examples, describe the importance of system analysis in geographical studies.
II. “Rural sustainability is necessary for urban sustainability.” Discuss the statement in the
backdrop of integrated development approach.
III. “Indo-Gangetic hearth is considered to be one of the world’s richest cultural realms.” Examine.
I. Explain the qualitative and quantitative methods of delineation of sphere of urban influence.
II. “World is passing through a global resource dilemma.” Comment
III. “Food productivity with purity of the ecosystem is the need of the hour.” Elaborate.
Geography Optional: Paper 2: SECTION A
www.xaam.in
Page 95
Q1. Answer following. 5 x 10 = 50 marks.
your QCA Booklet the significance of the locations, whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural in not more than 30 words
for each entry: (2 x 5 =10 marks)
A. Guru Shikhar
B. Bhor Ghat
C. Shravanabelagola
D. Kalibangan
xaam.in
E. Ganga Sagar
2. Explain how eco-tourism, activities could be important livelihood options in the Himalayan and
North-Eastern regions of the country.
3. How is drainage pattern determined by the water divide?
4. Location of thermal power plants and coal fields in India are mot mutually conducive. Analyse.
5. Why has agro and social forestry has failed to achieve its objectives?
I. Bring out the distribution of Laterite soils in India and their specific use for agriculture.
II. Suggest the measures of wild-life conservation with reference to extinction of rare species.
III. Describe the problems of agro-based industries in India in general and cotton textiles in
particular.
I. Highlight the socio-economic and ecological roles of River Cauvery in its riverine tract.
II. Discuss the problems and prospects of National Waterway No. 1.
III. Explain the concept of ‘Make in India’ and indicate the essential inputs for its success.
I. Describe the salient climatological characteristics of Rayalseema region.
II. ‘In spite of various negative impacts of Green Revolution, there is a demand for New Green
Revolution.’ Elaborate.
III. What are the desired possible changes in our trade policy to promote the development of
cottage industry?
Paper 2: SECTION B
www.xaam.in
Page 96
Q5. Answer following: 5 x 10 = 50 marks.
I. On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the location of all of the following. Write in
your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations, whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural in not more than 30 words
for each entry: (2 x 5 = 10 marks)
A. Mundra Port
B. Chandipur
C. Mahendragiri
D. Hazira
xaam.in
E. Vembanad Lake
II. Highlight the implications of declining child sex ratio in India.
III. Analyse the feasibility of “Smart Towns’ Development in India.
IV. Comment on the criteria of identifying Drought Prone Areas in India.
V. Bring out the role of terrain in determining India’s political influence over neighbouring
countries.
I. Discuss the trends in emigration focusing on its major thrust.
II. Account for the multiple problems of urban agglomerations.
III. Evaluate the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme.
I. How can a meaningful skill development programme contribute to the economic growth of hill
areas?
II. Differentiate between ‘intensity’ and ‘magnitude’ of an earthquake and explain its varying
impact in different parts of India.
III. Discuss the implications of India’s strategic location with reference to the Indian Ocean.
I. India is involved in a number of border disputes. Explain the reasons and remedies.
II. Discuss the concept of Command Area Development and evaluate its success with reference to
Indira Gandhi Canal.
III. How has an inappropriate urban land use policy accounted for undesirable development in and
around metropolitan cities.
www.xaam.in
Page 97
2015
Geography Mains Instructions
xaam.in
(Common for both the Papers)
Maximum marks: 250, duration of the exam: 3 hours
1.There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and in ENGUSH
Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all
2.Questions no 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, any THREE are to be attempted
choosing at least ONE from each section, The number of marks carried by a question / part is indicated
against it. Answers must be written in the medium authorized m the Admission Certificate which must
be stated clearly on the cover of this Question cum Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided. No
marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one Word limit in
questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketches /
maps and diagrams wherever considered necessaryThese shall be drawn in the space provided for
answering the question itself
3.Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order Unless struck off, attempt of a equation
shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the question-
cum-answer booklet must be clearly stuck off.
Paper-1: Section-A
Q1. Answer the following in about 150 words each:
1.Attempt a classification of geomorphic process from zonal point of view.
2.Discuss as to how frontogenesis contribute to weather instability.
3.Describe the characteristics of different types of pelagic deposits.
4.Explain the characteristics of ecological succession
5.comment on the impact of environmental education on quality of life it
Q2: 20 + 15 +15 marks
www.xaam.in
Page 98
1.Discuss the continuations of the American School of Denudation in geomorphology.
2.What is Potential Evapotranspiration? Explain how it is used in assessing the water balance in an area
3.Discuss the method of conserving biodiversity for sustainable development
Q3: 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Discuss the basis of Koppen’a climatic classification. Bring out the silent characteristics of “Cs” type of
climate
2.Explain with example, as to how channel dynamic has been responsible for the development of alluvial
xaam.in
fans and cones.
3.Classify soils based on their zonal distribution and describe the characteristics of pedocals.
Q4: 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Explain the different stages of ecological adaptation of man and bring out the changing balance
between man and development.
2.Present -day landforms bear more complexity than simplicity. Elucidate.
3.Explain the meridional circulation of the atmosphere and its importance in world climate.
Paper-1: Section-B
Q5: Answer the following in about 150 words each : 10×5=50
1.“The welfare face of geography makes it an inter-disciplinary subject. Elaborate.
2.“Energy mix is a step towards sustainability.” Discuss.
3.Discuss Nelson’s method of functional classification of towns.
4.“Marx’s view on population is more humanistic.’ Comment.
5.Development planning has a component of environmental cost. Discuss.
Q6. 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.“Regional synthesis is the crux of geographical studies.” Elaborate.
2.Man-induced famines are becoming more common than nature-induced ones.” Comment.
3.Critically examine the theories on population migration.
www.xaam.in
Page 99
Q7. 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Discuss the relevance of Von Thunen’s model on agricultural on location in the contemporary context.
2.“Cultural regions are the most suited units to study the diversity of area ” Comment.
3.Discuss the approaches to the study of behavioural geography.
Q8. 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.“There is a rejuvenation of environmentalism as a paradigm in geographical studies Comment.
xaam.in
2.“Geographical traits lead to regional imbalances” Examine.
3.Vital statistics are necessary ingredients for development planning Elaborate.
Paper-2: Section-A
Maximum marks: 250, duration of the exam: 3 hours. Other instructions same as paper-1.
Q1. Answer following: 10 x 5 = 50 marks
1.On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the locations of all the following. Write in your QCA
Booklet the significance of these locations, whether physical/ commercial/ economic/ ecological/
environmental/ cultural, in not more than 30 words for each entry : 2×5=10
Tharangambadi
Namcha Barwa
Narcodam
Khajjiar
Chunchanakatte
2.Why does the pharmaceutical industry concentrate largely in the western region of the country? (In
about 150 words)
3.Explain the pattern of winter rainfall in India. (In about 150 words)
4.Discuss the relationship of watershed approach to village level planning (In about 150 words).
5.How docs natural vegetation affect the formation of in situ soils? (In about 150 words)
Q2. 20 + 15 +15 marks
www.xaam.in
Page 100
1.Account for the geographical distribution of groundwater resources of India. How serious is its
depletion in recent decades?
2.Why is the traditional crafts industry in India on the decline?
3.Explain how modernization of Indian agriculture is affected by unfavourable institutional factors with
suitable examples.
Q3. 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Distinguish between ‘agricultural productivity’ and ‘agricultural efficiency, and bring out the disparity
in regional distribution of agricultural efficiency.
xaam.in
2.With the help of a map, indicate the principal areas of dryland farming in the country and account for
farmers’ suicides mainly in those areas.
3.Evaluate the contribution of Communication and Information Technology to the development of

economy and society, and examine the relevance of the recently launched ‘Digital India programme.
Q4. 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Account for the growing frequency and intensity of floods in India, and suggest short- and long-term
remedial measures indicating the chronically flood prone areas.
2.How does climate change affect the- process of desertification of India?
3.Discuss the scope of replication of White Revolution’ in lndia.
Paper-2: Section-B
Q5. Answer following: 10×5=50marks
On the outline map of India provided to you, mark the locations of all the following. Write in your QCA
Booklet the significance of these locations, whether physical/ commercial/ economic/ ecological/
environmental/ cultural, in not more than 30 words for each entry : 2×5=10
Nokrek
Gorakhnath Peak
Indrakiladn Peak
Polavaram
Ananimudi
2.“Age-sex pyramid is representative of the history of a region.” Explain (In about 150 words)
www.xaam.in
Page 101
3.“Mono-functional towns are economically vulnerable.” Discuss. (In about I5O words)
4.Explain how change in land use can promote eco-development at different levels in the country. (In
about 150 words)
5.Discuss the social and spatial ramifications of increasing longevity. (In about 150 words)
Q6: 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Decentralized planning through the strengthening of the Panchayat system is the focus of planning in
India in recent times. Suggest a blueprint for an integrated regional development plan.
2.In population planning, the thrust of the Government has been ‘planning the population’ not ‘plan for
xaam.in
the population’. Elaborate.
3.Is planning for a cluster of villages a viable option, when planning for backward areas of the country?
Discuss with suitable examples.
Q7: 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Reduction in regional disparities has been one of the priority goals of national planning in India. How
the proposed new Smart urban centres may contribute to the process?
2.How has India’s ‘Look East’ policy taken shape in the past two decades and how it may affect India’s
external trade?
3.Indian island territories are vulnerable to the sea level rise. Explain.
Q8: 20 + 15 +15 marks
1.Discuss The concept of multi-level planning as practiced in India, and explain the implications of 73rd
and 74th constitutional amendments in this regards.
2.Give a reasoned account of river water disputes related to the River Krishna
3.Outline the Ghats. Government of India’s strategies of conservation of the Western Ghats.
www.xaam.in

1979-2015 Geography Optional Questions of Last 37 Years PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

1979-2015 Geography Optional Questions of Last 37 Years PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Page 1

Repeated question in 2015 Mains Geography Optional

1. Describe the characteristics of different types of pelagic deposits.(2015)

distribution of Pelagic deposits in the World Oceans. (1980)

account of pelagic deposits of the oceans. (2006)

Q. Potential evapotranspiration (2004)

Q. Evaluate the Koppean's scheme of climatic regionalization of India.(1988)

country on a sketch map and suggest remedial measures to control it (2011)

Q. Desertification and its preventive measures (1986)

Q. Desertification as an environmental hazards (2008)

Q. Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.(2007)

Q. Discuss Panchayati Raj as a measure of decentralized planning in India.(2005)

(a) The mean annual isohyets of 100cm.

(b) The regions of Regur (black cotton) soils.

(a) The International Dateline

(b) The horse latitudes

(d) The Durand line

(e) The Great Wall of China

(f) Diego Garcia

(j) Benguela current

(k) The mid-Atlantic rise

(l) The Great Barrier reef of Australia

origin of tropical cyclones.

ocean and its partially enclosed seas.

fully the arguments in favour and against this view.

Geography.‛ Analyse fully.

either India or China.

2. Explain the significance of diagnostic surveys for regional planning.

you suggest to democrat t

he rural urban fringe of Indian cities?

(b) The regions of rubber and tea cultivation;

(c) Jog (Gersoppa), Ellora, Digboi, Neyveli, Kudremukh, Singareni;

(d) Mahabaleshwar, Pachmarhi, Darjeeling, Kodai -kanal, Nainital, Simla;

(b) The mean annual thermal equator,

(c) The New England States,

(e) Kuro Siwo

(f) St. Gotthard Pass,

(g) The Soo Canal,

(i) The Trans-Siberian rail-route, with three important stations, on route.

(j) The Wuhan conurbation,

(k) Murray-Darling Basin and

3. Discuss the complete mechanism by means of which the atmosphere is able to

and why they differ from those of the Atlantic.

5. Discuss the scope of human Geography.

even at the present day?

earliest times and assess their relative importance.

1. "The economic development of a country depends as much on he stage of

mentioning the socio-economic implications of these trends in each case.

and coefficient of variation:

Monthly Wet Bulb Temperature (ºF)

For Stations A and B

between the meridians is 15º.

contributed to the agricultural development in general, and the green revolution in

7. Asses the comparative geographical importance of the power resources in the

development of industrial landscape of India.

8. "The density of population is, as it were, the synthesis of all geographical

distribution and density in India.

9. Discuss the structure and evolution of the Himalayas.

10. Give an ideal geographical regionalization of India.

(b) Khandwa gap

(d) River Damodar

(e) MacMohan line

(g) Sri Hari Kota