CH : CLAY ML : SANDY SILT

CL : SILTY CLAY/SANDY CLAY MH : SILT

SM : SILTY SAND GP : GRAVELLY SAND
OH : ORGANIC CLAY
SC : CLAYEY SAND SW : SAND
 Konsistensi tanah clay

Consistency N’70 Remarks

Very soft 0-2 Squishes between fingers when squeezed

Young
clay
NC
Soft 3-5 Very easily deformed by squeezing
Medium 6-9
Stiff 10-16 Hard to deform by hand squeezing
increasing

cemented
Very stiff 17-30 Very hard to deform by hand
Aged/
OCR

Hard > 30 Nearly impossible to deform by hand

  Korelasi kuat geser untuk tanah sand
Description Very Loose Loose Medium Dense Very dense
Dr 0 0.15 0.35 0.65 0.85
SPT N’70
Fine 1-2 3-6 7-15 16-30 ?
Medium 2-3 4-7 8-20 21-40 > 40
Coarse 3-6 5-9 10-25 26-45 > 45

Fine 26-28 28-30 30-34 33-38
Medium 27-28 30-32 32-36 36-42 < 50
Coarse 28-30 30-34 33-40 40-50

wet (kN/m3) 11-16 14-18 17-20 17-22 20-23

Parameter Kekakuan dan Deformasi
 Modulus’s Youngs dan Poisson Ratio
untuk berbagai jenis tanah
 Korelasi Data SPT

 Korelasi kuat geser untuk tanah clay

Relationship between Cohesion and N-Value (Cohesive soil)

2/3 N
Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value
(Sandy Soil)
 Parameter Kuat Geser Tanah
 Effective Shear Strength
 Parameter Kuat Geser Tanah

 Effective Shear Strength

 Faktor Koreksi N – SPT Lapangan seusai dengan Metoda
Pelaksanaan Test:

Estimated Rod Correction Factor fo r

Countr Hammer Hammer Release Energy (%) 60% Rod Energy
y Type
Donut Free Fall 78 78/60 = 1.30
Japan Donut Rope an Pulley with 67 67/60 = 1.12
special throw release
Safety Rope and Pulley 60 60/60 = 1.00
US
Donut Rope and Pulley 45 45/60 = 0.75
A
Argentina Donut Rope and Pulley 45 45/60 = 0.75
Donut Free Fall 60 60/60 = 1.00
China
Donut Rope and Pulley 50 50/60 = 0.83

Harga N free fall tidak perlu dikoreksi krn menjadi standard

Harga N rope and pulley harus dikalikan dengan 0.70

 Korelasi Data Sondir
 Klasifikasi jenis tanah dari hasil sondir
  Korelasi kuat geser tanah dari hasil sondir
CONE BEARING, qc , bars

 Clay  Sand

qc qc qc
cu  s/d Dalam analisis digunakan cu 

' , bars
15 20 17.5

VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo

Cone Penetration Test (CPT/Sondir)

17
Cone Penetration Test (CPT/Sondir)

Beconus 10 Ton Luas Selimut = 150 cm2

Beconus 2 Ton
Luas Selimut = 100 cm2

18
Grafik
Bacaan
Sondir

19
Korelasi Antara Hasil Uji Sondir vs Jenis Tanah

20
Korelasi Antara Hasil Uji Sondir vs Jenis Tanah
(Manual on Subsubsurface Investigation, FHWA NHI 01-031, page 9-5)

21
Korelasi Antara Hasil Uji Sondir vs Kuat Geser
Tak Alir (Undrained Shear Strength)
Tanah Lempung Jenuh, phi = 0
qc   vo
su 
N kt
Nkt = faktor konus
vo = tekanan tanah vertikal total

22
Parameter Kekakuan dan Deformasi
 Modulus’s Youngs untuk Clay
1600
Normally Consolidated Clay,
PI>50 :
1400

1200 Eu = 200 cu
Ed = 0.667 Eu
1000
PI<30

Eu/Cu 800

600

400 30<PI<50

200 PI>50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Overconsolidation Ratio
(after Jamiolkowski et al)
Cc vs qc
CC
6

1
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
static cone resistance qc in bar
Cc vs. qc
(G. Sanglerat, 1972)
Cv vs LL
Daya dukung pasir
 1000
800
600
400

200

100
80
60
40
and

20

10
8
6
4

1
0 10 20 30 40 45
Soil friction angle, Ø (deg)
(Meyerhof, 1976)
 ' , bars
HORIZONTAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, Ho

VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo

' , bars FOR k o = 0.45
CONE BEARING, qc , bars
 ' , bars
VERTICAL EFFECTIVE STRESS, vo
CONE BEARING, q c , bars
RATIO, qc /N qc , bars ; N, blows/foot (1 bar = 100 kPa)

MEAN GRAIN SIZE, D50 , mm

 No. DESCRIPTION cu/p'

1. Portsmouth
CL Clay PI = 15 .20
st - 10 LL = 35
2. Boston CL Clay
LL = 41 PI = 22 .20
3. Bangkok CH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 41 .27
4. Maine CH OH
Clay LL = 65 PI = 38 .29
5. AGS CH Clay
LL = 71 PI = 40 .26
Eu 6. Atchafalaya
cu CH Clay .24
LL = 95 PI = 75
7. Tailor River
Peat w = 500% _

- CK U simple shear tests

- All soil normally consolidated

APPLIED SHEAR STRESS RATIO n /c u

 FOR CLASSIFICATION OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS AND FINE-GRAINED
FRACTION OF COARSE-GRAINED SOILS

Equation of "A"-line
Horozontal at PI = 4 to LL = 25.5,
then PI = 0.73 (LL-20) e
-lin
"A"
Plasticity Index (PI)

)
Equation of "U"-line o i ls
Vertical at LL = 16 to PI = 7, ls
tu
ra
O L
then PI = 0.9 (LL-8) na r
r o
CL
fo
it
lim
r
pe
up
a te
m
xi
pr
o
OL
( ap r
ne
o
" -li CL MH or OH
"U

CL-ML ML or OL

Liquid Limit (LL)

Anglo of shearing resistance - degrees

Drained shear d

True angle of internal friction r

Plasticity Index
 Relative density

Very dense
SPT N-value (blows/300mm)

Dense

Medium dense

Loose
Very loose

Angle of shearing resistance, °

 Soil groups refer to
Unified system
Undrained shear strength - kN/m 2

CH Sowers

CL

SC-ML

Terzaghi and pack

SPT N-value - blows/300 mm