Fractals

Derived from the geometry of nature

Describe many irregular shapes and patterns

Shapes are made of similar copies of itself

A here ending pattern

Infinity complex pattern that are self-similar across different scales created by repeating a simple
process over and over in an ongoing feedback loops

A rough or fragmented geometric shapes that can be split into parts, each of which is (at least
approximately) a reduced size copy the whole (Benoit Mandelbrot, 1975)

Fractals as a geometric object generally has the following features:

Fine structure at arbitrarily small scales

Is had irregular to be easily described in traditional Euclidean geometric Language

Is self-similar (at last approximatively or stochastically)

Has a Hausdorff Dimension that is greater than it’s topological dimension (although this requirement is
not met by space filling curves such as the Hilbert curve)

Has a simple and recursive definition

Self similarity dimension

The self similarity dimension is a simplication of the Hausdorff Dimension which can be applied to
exactly self similar objects

Generating fractals

Three common techniques for generating a fractals are :

Escape Time fractals

These are defined by a recurrence relation of each point in a space (such as the complex plane)

Iterated function systems

These have a fixed geometric replacement rule

Random fractals

Generated by stochastic rather than deterministic processes

Trees and ferns

Are fractals in nature and can be modeled on a computer by using a recursive algorithm. This recursive
nature is obvious in twice example – a branch from a tree or a prance from a term is a miniature replica
of the whole: not identical but similar in nature

Surface of a mountain

It can be modeled on a computer by using a fractals start with a triangle in 3d space and connect the
central points of each side by line segment, resulting in 4 triangle. The central points are then randomly
moved up or down, within a defined at each iteration the range by half the recursive nature of the
algorithm guarantees that whole is statistically similar to each details.

Pollock’s painting

Fractal pattern have been found in the painting of American artist Jackson Pollock’s. While Pollock’s
paintings appears to be composed of chaotic dripping and splattering computer analysis has found
fractals pattern in his work.

Random fractals are examples of fractals which are statistically self similar, but neither exactly nor quasi-
self-similar

History of events discovery

1883 cantor set

1890 peano curve

1891 Hilbert curve

1904 koeh snow flake

1916 sierpinski gasket

1918 Julia set

1926 merger sponge

1963 Lorenz attractor

1975 history breakthrough (Benoit Mandelbrot)

2003 fractals nowadays ( fractal image, music an eura, etc)

Fractals in nature

Approximate fractals are easily found in nature these object display self similar structure over an
extended, but finite, scale range

Example

Clouds

Snow flakes

Mountains
River network

Cauliflower or broccoli

System of blood vessels

Classification of fractals

Fractal can also be classified according to their self