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Cardiovascular System
• Heart and blood vessels
• The Blood Vessels
• Veins
• Arteries
• Coronary artery
• Two large vessels that supply blood to the heart
Circulation
• Pulmonary circulation
• Blood to and from the lungs
• Systemic circulation
• Blood through the rest of the body
• Systole
• The heart contraction
• Diastole
• The period of relaxation
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Atherosclerosis
• Arteries narrowed by fatty deposits
• Coronary heart disease (CHD)
• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Heart Attack
• Heart tissue is damaged and part of it may die from lack of blood
• Myocardial infarction (MI)
• Signs
• Chest pain or pressure
• Arm, neck, or jaw pain
• Difficulty breathing
• Excessive sweating
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of consciousness
Stroke
• Ischemic stroke- blockage in blood vessels
• Thrombotic stroke
• Embolic Stroke
• Hemorrhagic stroke- blood vessel ruptures in the brain
• Intracerebral hemorrhage (vessel in brain is leaking)
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (between skull and brain)
• Aneurysm
• Signs
• Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, leg or one side of the body
• Loss of speech or difficulty speaking
• Dimming or loss of vision in one eye
• Unexplained dizziness in relation to other symptoms
• 3 simple questions to recognize stroke (Smile, say a question, raise both arms)
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Types of Cancer
• Carcinomas- arise from the epithelial tissue that cover body surfaces, linings, tubes,
cavities and secretion glands
• Sarcomas: arise in bone, muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat
• Lymphomas: lymph nodes
• Leukemia: cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone marrow
Lung Cancer
• Most common cancer death in the U.S.
• Risk factors
• Tobacco smoking
• Environmental carcinogens
• Detection and Treatment
• Persistent cough, chest pain, or recurring bronchitis
• Diagnosis- chest x-ray or CT scan
Breast Cancer
• Most common cause in women
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
• Risk factors
• Age
• Genetic predisposition
• Excess weight
• Alcohol use
• Estrogen related
• Detection and Treatment
• Mammogram, breast exam, self breast exam
• Biopsied then lumpectomy or mastectomy
Prostate Cancer
• Most common cancer in men, second leading cause of cancer death in men
• Risk factors
• Age
• Family history
• African American
• Detection and Treatment
• Urination changes
• Digital rectal exam or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
• Prostatectomy or other surgery
Skin Cancer
• Basal Cell: cancer of the deepest layers of the skin
• Squamous cell: cancer of the surface layers of the skin
• Melanoma: malignant tumor that arises typically from a mole
Causes of cancer
• Heredity
• Tobacco use
• Dietary
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Personal Safety
Chapter 16
Injuries
• Intentional injury
• One that is purposely inflicted, by oneself or by another person
• Unintentional injury
• Injury occurs when no harm is intended
• Fifth leading cause of death among Americans
• One of the leading causes of death among children and young adults
Unintentional injuries
• Motor vehicle
• Home
• Leisure
• Work
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Home Injuries
• Falls
• 90% of fatal falls involve people 45 and over
• Fires
• Install smoke detectors
• Remember: Stop- Drop- Roll
• Posioning
• National poison hotline 1.800.222.1222
• Suffocation and chocking
• Heimlich maneuver (back blows/ abdominal thrusts)
• Firearms
Leisure Injuries
• Don’t swim alone or in unsupervised places
• Don’t swim under the influence of alcohol
• Wear a personal flotation device
• Utilize helmets, eye protection, correct footwear, and knee, elbow and wrist pads
• Use equipment properly and follow the rules
• Be conscious of hot and cold environmental needs
Work Injuries
• Back injuries
• Proper lifting technique
• 26 million American 20-64 suffer frequent back pain
• Repetitive stain injuries (RSIs)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Tendonitis
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Sexual Violence
• Sexual Assault: Rape
• Statutory Rape- sexual interaction with someone under the legal age or consent
• Date Rape- sexual assault by someone the victim knows or is dating; also called
acquaintance rape
• Surveys have found that 60% of rape victims have been raped by a current or
former spouse, boyfriend, or date
• Who commits rape?
• Anyone; any gender, any age, any SES
• Men are more likely to commit rape
• Factors contributing to date rape
• No means yes
• Signals and body language
• The effects of rape
• Physical injury
• Psychological injury
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
• MDMA
• ALCOHOL!!!!!
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
• AB (Airway, Breathing)
• 30 compressions, 2 breaths
• Stop when help arrives
Chapter 17:
The Challenge of Aging
Aging
Biological aging:
• The normal, progressive irreversible changes to one’s body that begin at birth and
continue until death
• Functioning stays constant until age 70
Psychological and social aging
• Moving, losing spouse and friends, retiring, having a lower income, and changing roles
Annual Checkups
• Blood pressure
• Height- height loss can indicate osteoporosis
• Weight- gain can mean fluid retention or perhaps heart, liver or kidney disease; loss
indicates infect or cancer
• Blood work
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
• EKG
• Vision test for glaucoma- after age 40 to prevent blindness
• Pap Smear and Pelvic Exam- should be done yearly or more often if at higher risk for
cervical or vaginal cancer
• Measurement of Bone Mass- women at higher risk of osteoporosis
Social Changes
• Changing Roles and Relationships
- More time with spouse
• Increased Leisure Time
- Developing satisfying interests outside work
- Make a “bucket list”
• The Economics of Retirement
- Saving for an adequate retirement income
- Women are more likely to live in poverty
Physical Changes
• Hearing loss
• Impacts relationships with others
• Vision changes
• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
• Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• Arthritis
• Osteoarthritis = most common
• Menopause
• Osteoporosis
• Fractures
Mental changes
• Dementia
• Deterioration of mental functioning
• Affects 7% of people under the age of 80
• Two most common types of dementia- (irreversible)
• Alzheimer’s disease
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Types of Caregivers
• Live- in caregiver:
• Primary (lead) caregiver due to emotional, geographic and logistical reasons
• ¼ of care recipients live with their caregiver
• Shared responsibility caregiver:
• Share the responsibility with other family members
• Long- distance caregiver:
• Can be emotionally exhausting because of all the usual care giving worries tend to
be magnified
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
Preparations
• Making a Will
• A Legal instrument expressing a person’s intentions and wishes for the disposition
of his or her property after death
• Estate
• Testator
• Intestate- no will
• Testamentary letter
• Document includes information about your personal affairs (bank
statements, credit cards, documents etc.)
• Will should change as life changes
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
• Another 19 people on the waiting list die because not enough organs are available
• 98,000 Americans waiting for organ transplants
• Uniform Donor Card or Driver’s License
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HHP 2603 Notes for Final
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