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Stanley Ellicott
Yusuke Kato
Mark Reinardy
Katherine Short
Why Diabetes?
Diabetes is a metabolic disease: type I/II and gestational forms
23.6 million US adults and children have diabetes
Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death (2006)
Diabetes cost $174 billion in 2007: $116 billion for direct medical
costs, and $58 billion for indirect costs (disability, loss of work,
premature mortality)
The most common form of diabetes, “type II,” is almost entirely
preventable through diet and exercise
Source: American Diabetes Association, http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics
Research Questions
1: Are diabetes and level of income/food stamp participation
independent?
2: Is the frequency of diabetes equal across differing levels of
educational attainment?
3: Is there a difference between regions with low/high rates of
exercise with respect to diabetes prevalence?
Data Sources
Education and Food Security
Data are from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey
51,048 survey participants
453 variables, including:
Respondents affirmed “I have been told by a doctor I have
diabetes,” and did not disambiguate Type I/II
Household income
Educational attainment
Data are “Population-based random-digit dial telephone survey
of California’s population conducted every other year since 2001”
Data gatherers actively sought to fight response bias
Data Sources, cont.
Exercise
National diabetes prevalence rates are from the National Center
for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System (2006)
Respondents affirmed “I have been told by a doctor I have
diabetes,” and did not disambiguate Type I/II