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Ryan B. Berger
Ms. Valenza
27February 2020
In this modern-day society we live in, technology is a part of our everyday lives.
From iPhones to smartboards to cars technology is all around us. The question we must
pose is, where will this technology take us? Many experts believe the future lies in
experts must decide on the most practical and effective use of it. AI is poised to change
the world and has started to already. From searching for alien life to enabling
a majority of experts look to the field of medicine as the best initial potential use case for
AI. Specifically, experts look to use AI in diagnostics, surgery, and treatment planning.
But we must ask ourselves, what are the best uses of AI in medicine?
Artificial Intelligence’s potential use cases are broad and copious however the medical
use cases are extremely practical and possible. When the term AI was coined as "the
science and engineering of making intelligent machines' ' by John Macarthy in 1956 he
could have never predicted the advancements up to date (Ahuja,2019). In its modern
form, AI has taken the reputation of enabling “complex machines with characteristics of
human intelligence”(Ahuja,2019). In the future, experts in the medical field will tend to
Ahuja’s quote of Frost & Sullivan, “the healthcare market for AI is increasing at a rate of
40% and is expected to reach $6.6 billion by 2021”(Frost & Sullivan, 2016). This
increase of funding in this field will only further expedite advancements in regard to AI in
medicine. As medical professionals further experiment with AI in medicine they will have
On the other hand, broad-scale AI is used to specifically address the wider scale issues
that we could see in the medical field such as data pattern identifying and much more.
For example, doctors could use broad-scale AI to “collect and analyze patient data
gathered from multiple sources such as fitness trackers and at-home monitors”
(Ahuja,2019). Additionally, recent studies have shown the potential use of AI in robotic
surgery. For example, Norman claims that diagnostic AI is only the beginning of AI
usage and the real potential for AI usage is in surgical robotics (Norman, 2018).
medical experts will even argue that this is the most promising field of AI usage in
medicine. One company has actually even bet on the fact that this is the most promising
use of AI in the modern century. Precipio's brilliant diagnostic result reports will now
enable its patients to optimize their diagnostic process by using AI to search through a
vast amount of medical journals and reports of medical experts to accurately diagnose
their patients (TrialJectory and Precipio, 2020 ). This company has gone even further
and has provided data about possible clinical trials to their patients which has allowed
and Precipio, 2020 ). Other companies have followed in Precipio's path and have
enabled their customers to use their databases and other information outlets to find the
most optimized treatment plan. Additionally, according to Dias and Torkamani “AI systems
are well suited to solve the clinical diagnostic tasks” (Dias and Torkamani).
genome annotation, and variant classification have all shown promising signs to
These advancements promise to show extreme success and further growth within the
field of AI in medicine.
Experts predict that AI can also be used to assess risk percentage for illness types in
others (Dias and Torkamani). The engagement in this scale of AI will typically
necessitate a wide-scale use of AI which really points to the use of broad-scale AI.
Additionally, the use of AI in risk prediction in common complex diseases and the
variables involved with that complex scenario can really benefit from the use of AI
(Ahuja). The use of AI can help agencies like the CDC predict the relative and absolute
outbreak expectancies. Furthermore, this knowledge will enable the world health
organization and the CDC to be more optimal in the way they explore their resources
and also the way they direct their employees to most effectively control the virus. As you
can see by the current state of the coronavirus the necessity of the AI use for these
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disease type scenarios can be the difference between a pandemic level problem and a
controlled disease. Early scale success has been shown through the development of
the integrated AI in diagnostics but other relationships within the medical field with
According to Serag et al. there has “been exponential growth in the application of AI in
health and in pathology” (Serag et al.). This exponential growth is very promising as the
necessity for advanced practitioners and innovations in pathology is very high due to the
high death rates and the potentially high risks of cases. Many health officials agree that
the faster and more efficient imaging in pathology specifically with AI-assisted
diagnostics death rates can drop drastically in patients (Serag et al.). In addition to this,
the AI “specifically aimed at cellular imaging and practical applications could transform
diagnostic pathology” (Serag et al.). Transformative diagnostics will enable the future
these types of diseases. Promising research is also seen in the further expansion of AI
patients are not up-to-date with their necessary colon cancer screenings”("Prescient
Metabiomics"). They attain this lack of testing to the undue desire and also the lack of
responsiveness of the data. The data mining in the operation is set to be optimized by
the use of AI which will be intentionally used to hopefully increase the use of colon
“indicates that early detection of precancerous adenomas and carcinomas could lead to
can be seen as a significant upgrade to the diagnostic field of medicine and additionally
a comprehensive overall in the field. With the increasing threats of new viruses and
diseases constantly being poised to society this necessity is at an all time high.
However, the use cases do not stop here many argue that AI assisted surgery is
AI assisted surgery is in fact the future of surgery. From the creation of the first AI
assisted robot in the divincy to the new upcoming AI robots the growth potential is
exponential. Experts urge that this is the future of medicine. When Richard Feynman
coined the term NanoTechnology in 1959 he emphasized that “there is room at the
bottom”(Mariappan). This phrase portrayed to the world that there is in fact room to
make wires and other forms of electronics much much smaller. In fact they had the
room to make nano wires. These wires are “one-billionth in the SI length unit meter (1.0
create various devices using nano wires and technology but the medical field has
lacked behind. This lack in innovation in regards to nano-technology in the medical field
These Nanowires allow medical experts but specifically surgeons to target issues and
without the integration of advanced machine learning devices that can understand these
particles on their relative scale. Specifically, it is necessary beyond integration that this
this level (Mariappan). On a macro scale commercial surgical robots have been used
since the mid 1990’s (Hoeckelmann et al.). Since then the medical field specifically the
surgical industry has seen as exponential growth in the time, energy, and money put
into the development of instruments for remote and local robotic surgery. Firstly, local
robotic surgery. Local robotic surgery is the use of the Teleoperated systems technique.
site” (Hoeckelmann et al.). Now the problem with a technique like this is that yes the
robotic arms allow for lower rates of malpractice (Hoeckelmann et al.). However the
future is set on the idea of Image-guided systems. These systems are “executed by the
et al.). This system eliminates mostly the potential human error due to the use of AI in
this process (Hoeckelmann et al.). AI in this process has enabled the type of procedure
and type of integration to be much more fluid. Many experts say that “the mixture of the
two concepts is also possible, where sensors are providing real-time updates to the
medical experts and venture capitalists alike have poured ample time, money, and effort
into this technological advancement. Industry-wide, broad-scale and narrow scale AI are
predicted to change the future of medicine. But where experts differ in opinion is what
the best use of AI is in medicine. Some argue that broad-scale AI use is best used in
argued as the best use. The potential use cases are vast and profound. Artificial
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Intelligence has the power to change the way patients interact with doctors and the way
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Dias, Raquel, and Ali Torkamani. "Artificial Intelligence in Clinical and Genomic
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