DRAFT

Tinputz District
Disaster Risk Management Plan
November 2014

District Disaster Risk Management Committee

Tinputz District
Autonomous Region of Bougainville
Papua New Guinea
Foreword
Tinputz district is prone to a number of disasters, which includes flooding, tidal
surge/king tide, earthquake, tsunami, landslide, drought and disease outbreak.
Climate change is further aggravating the situation, as future disasters are
likely to be more intense. The unplanned development and increase in
population are other two key factors for increase in the disaster risk.

In order to manage the disaster risk, there is a need for systematic, long-term
and coordinated Disaster risk management (DRM) intervention. In order to meet
this challenge, a multi-stakeholder Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management
Committee (DDRMC) has been constituted, which is the apex body for DRM in
the district. The committee has developed this Disaster Risk Management Plan
in a wider consultative manner as DRM cut across sectors and thus everybody’s
business. This forward-looking plan with the goal ‘Resilient and happy lives,
safe livelihoods and infrastructure for sustainable development’ is
comprehensive and lucid and calls for partnership among all stakeholders. It is
important to implement this plan, in letter and spirit, for effective and
efficient DRM in the district.

I would like to thank all DRM stakeholders of Tinputz district including Disaster
risk management office of the ARoB for supporting this intervention. I would
like to express special gratitude to the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) and European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection
department (ECHO) for providing technical as well financial assistance for this
model plan, which will provide guidance to other districts.

Let’s work together to make Tinputz disaster free.

Mr. Blaise Vosivai

Executive Manager
Tinputz District,
Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea

ii

Tinputz DDRM Plan

 Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan

Our Vision
Resilient and happy lives, safe livelihoods and
infrastructure for sustainable development

Objectives

In order to achieve the Vision, the Tinputz District DRM plan has the
following objectives:
§ To establish an effective and efficient disaster risk management
systems in Tinputz district at all levels
§ To set-up unified and coordinated multi-stakeholder district
disaster response systems with trigger mechanism including
funding provision
§ To mainstream disaster and climate risk management into
district development framework
§ To facilitate community based disaster risk management for
resilient community
§ To provide special needs of vulnerable groups such as women,
children, elderly and people with disability addressed in DRM
processes and plans

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Tinputz DDRM Plan

 Table of Contents
§ Foreword by Executive Manager ii
§ Vision and objectives iii
§ Table of Contents iv
§ List of abbreviations vi

1 District Profile 1-2

1.1 Geography and demography
1.2 Socio-economy including health and education
1.3 Administrative arrangements
1.4 Overview of Council of Elders and Village Assemblies
1.5 Housing and infrastructure
1.6 Climate

2 District Risk profile 3-5

2.1 Disaster history and its impact
2.2 Vulnerability profile
2.3 Climate change projections
2.4 Risk profile and hotspots

3 Institutional arrangements for DRM in Tinputz District 6-8

3.1 District DRM Committee
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of DRM Committee
3.3 Linkages and co-ordination

4 Early warning, response and recovery mechanism 9-14

4.1 End to end Early warning system
4.2 Disaster response and coordination
4.3 Roles and responsibilities of agencies
4.4 Accident/Disaster reporting
4.5 Damage and loss assessment
4.6 Relief distribution
4.7 Recovery and reconstruction

5. Mitigation and Preparedness measures 15-18

5.1 Disaster risk management considerations into development
5.2 Awareness generation on Do’s & Don’t of disasters
5.3 Community based Disaster Management
5.4 School safety
5.5 Procurement of equipment and construction of facilities for
response
5.6 Creation of emergency response team
5.7 Disaster risk management plan of agencies

6 Funding mechanism & monitoring 19-20

6.1 Key funding mechanism for DRM
6.2 Monitoring and evaluation of DRM
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Tinputz DDRM Plan

Annexure 21-28
I. Format of Disaster /accident reporting
II. Important contact details of National and Regional levels
III. Important contact details of CoEs and Village Assemblies
IV. List of disaster response equipment and contact
V. List of Partners (UN Agencies, INGOs, NGOs, Private sector, etc]
VI. Map of Tinputz district
VII. Definitions and Terms

Tinputz DDRM Plan

 List of Abbreviations

ARoB : Autonomous Region of Bougainville

CoE : Council of Elders
DDRMC : District Disaster Risk Management Committee
DEOC : District Emergency Operation Centre
DRM : Disaster Risk Management
NGO : Non-Governmental Organization
INGO : International Non-Governmental Organization
IPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISDR : International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
PNG : Papua New Guinea
UN : United Nations
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change
UNDP : United Nations Development Programme
VA : Village Assembly

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Tinputz DDRM Plan

1. District Profile
Tinputz is one of the 13 districts of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARoB). It is
prone to a number of hazards including flash floods, riverine floods, earthquake,
tsunami, drought, landslide, tidal surge/king tide and strong winds. The increasing
population and sea level rise is further aggravating the existing risk and district has
already witnessed the impact of climate change. Some of the inhabitants of the
Carteret atoll have been relocated to the Tinputz district, which is considered to be
the world’s first climate change refugee.

1.1 Geography and demography

The Tinputz district is located on the eastern coast of northern Bougainville main
island. The district shares the common boundary with Wakunai, Selau/Suir districts
and is bounded by Pitpit river in the south and Ramzon river in the north. The total
population of the district is 16,140 as per the 2010 listing exercise. The life
expectancy is 60 years.

1.2 Socio-economy
The agriculture sector employs more than 99 percent of the rural populace of Tinputz
district. People especially women depends heavily on agriculture to make ends meet.
Agriculture outputs are mostly used to daily consumption and a little surplus is slow in
the local market.

It has one health centre, one-sub-health centre and 8 aid posts. The health service
providers are static and mobile. The infant mortality and maternal mortality rate is 70
and 5 per 1000 respectively. District has 29 elementary schools access rate stands at
80 percent at primary as well as elementary levels. The school infrastructure is poor.
District has one Technical Institute, which is first in the region.

1.3 Administrative arrangements

The Executive Manager is the administrative head of the district and officers of line
agencies such as education, health, police and planning are located in the district. The
Chairman of the Council of Elders is political head of the Council of Elders while
heads the Village Assemblies, the lowest level of political unit. The district
administration is responsible for overseeing public services and provides basic services
and extension services in the district. It is also responsible for developing plans and
provide advice and support to the Council of Elders.
1.4 Overview of Council of Elders and Village Assemblies
District is divided into two Council of Elders (CoE) and the two CoEs are further
divided into 25 Village Assemblies The Taonita-Tinputz CoE is in the north east while
Taonita Teop CoE is in the south east of the district.
.
Name of Council of Elders Number of Village Assemblies Total population
1. Taonita Tinputz 13 8403
2. Taonita Teop 12 7,737

The CoE members are elected for five year terms by the Village Assemblies. The
Chairman of the CoE is elected in the CoE by its elected members.

1.5 Housing and other infrastructure

Housing: Most of the houses are single or double storey made of light wooden
materials.
Roads and bridges: The district is connected by a highway, which runs parallel to the
eastern coast from north to south of Bougainville main-island. There are 43 bridges
and culverts and they are in good condition.
Airport: District has no airstrip and the nearest operational airport is in Buka, which is
an hour drive by road.
Wharves and Jetties: District has one jetty and one barge ramp and both are in poor
condition.
Communication: District has good mobile network connectivity of the Digicel network.

1.6 Climate
The district ahs two seasonal calendar namely wet season and dry season. The wet
season is September to March and it is caused by the South-Easterly winds while the
dry season is from April to August. However, there has been change in weather pattern
in recent times and it has become irregular.

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2. District Risk Profile
2.1 Disaster history and its impact
The Tinputz district is prone to floods, lash floods, drought, earthquake, tsunami,
strong winds, king tide/high tide and landslide. Though there is a need for systematic
compilation of disaster and its impact however some of the recent disasters have been
captured in the below table:

Year Disaster Impact

1997 Drought/ Damage to crop and forest, Livelihoods of
Bush Fire community impacted, Shortage of water
2000 King tide/Sea swell Displacement of community, number of people and
also led to some cases of looting.
2003 Tidal wave/ King tide Displacement of community; Loss of property, (one
week flooding); Health issues. Occurred in
November.
2008 King tide/Sea swell Community displaced, vegetable garden destroyed
2010 Floods Prolong heavy rain resulted in heavy flooding and
increase in salinity in Kaskurus and Inus
2011 Floods Prolong heavy rain resulted in heavy flooding and
landslide in Kaskurus, Iaun, Teagua, Game, Topo
Hoakope
2012 Strong winds Houses blown away, Cash crop destroyed
2013 King tide/Sea swell In September: Water logging, Increase in salinity
2013 Floods Food gardens washed away, Bridges destroyed and
led to landslide
2013 Landslide Rain triggered landslide led to loss of properties
2014 King tide/Sea swell Salinity increased, vegetable garden affected
2014 Floods Affected areas include Ramazon, Saba, Inus,
Yokomori and Iaun. It led to some disease outbreak,
loss of ecosystem, destruction of vegetable garden
and infrastructure

2.2 Vulnerability profile

• Food insecurity: Most of the families depend on food garden and in case it is
destroyed by flood/flash flood or King/high tide or any other disaster, families
are highly vulnerable as there is almost no food storage.
• Community on hill slopes: In Tinputz district, some of the community are
located on the hill slopes and hills and these communities are highly vulnerable
to landslides during monsoon.
• Limited access: Many communities are located in the interiors and have no
access to wide roads. These communities are highly vulnerable as speedy
emergency evacuation is very difficult.

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• Coastal community: A number of communities are located in the low-lying
coastal areas and theses communities are highly vulnerable to king/high tides
and strong winds, which is a frequent phenomenon.
• Housing in flood zone: A number of families have constricted their houses in
the flood zone as these areas have high fertility as well as access to water for
agriculture. In case of floods and flash floods, houses are affected.
• Limited response capacity: District as well as neighbouring areas have very
limited capacity in terms of emergency evacuation, warning dissemination
equipment, search and rescue and emergency health services. This
vulnerability can aggravate small disaster.
• El Nino/La Nina: The climate of PNG varies considerably from year to year due
to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The El Nino year is drier than normal while
La Nina year is wetter. Also in El Nino year, the monsoon season also starts
later.

2.3 Climate change projections

The Tinputz district has already witnessed the impact of climate change as some of
the people of Carteret atoll have been relocated to the district. There is no Tinputz of
Bougainville specific information on climate change however PNG specific studies
provide some guidance and projections for PNG1 are as follows:
• Under a high emission scenario, the increase in temperature is projected to be
in the range of 0.4O -1.0O C by 2030 while in the range of 2.2O-3.4O C by 2090.
• Number of hot days and warm nights will increase
• Average and seasonal rainfall is projected to increase during the 21st century
• The drought projections are inconsistent
• Less frequent but more intense cyclones
• Under a high emission scenario, the sea level rise is projected to be in the
range of 4-15 cm by 2030 while in the range of 22-60 cm by 2090.
• Acidity level of the sea-water in the PNG region will continue to rise over the
21st century, which will impact health of reef ecosystem.

2.4 Risk profile and hotspots

Based on past experiences and literature review the following hotspots with likely
impact have been identified:

Hazard Hotspots Likely impact Probable months

Earthquake Whole district • Human lives lost Any time
• Houses, hospital, school and
other infrastructure damaged
• Law and order

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 • Can trigger landslide or
tsunami
Tsunami Coastal areas of • Human lives lost Any time
district and • Damage to coastal ecosystem
island • Houses, hospital, school and
communities other infrastructure damaged
(Teop islands) • Law and order
Strong wind Whole district • Houses blown away April
• Cash crop destroyed
Drought Whole district • Water shortage September-
• Crop destroyed November
• Soil fertility reduced
King tide/Sea Deos, Teop, • Water logging October-January
swell Ininvus, Iaun, • Increase in salinity
Irue • Crop destroyed
Kovanis, Iris • Houses damaged
coastal, Tinputz • Law and order
station • Crocodile attacks
Flood/ Areas along river • Crop destroyed December-April
Flash floods including • Houses damaged
Iokomori, • Vector water borne diseases,
Waropa and • Heavy soil erosion
Kosinamohina,
Landslide Hilly areas of • Human lives lost June-July
district • Crop destroyed
• Houses damaged
Public health Whole district • Human live lost Any time
emergency • Livestock lost

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3. Institutional arrangements for DRM in Tinputz District
3.1 District Disaster Risk Management Committee
The Tinputz District Disaster Management Committee (DDRMC) is the nodal agency for
disaster risk management including disaster response in district. The Executive
Manager will be coordinator during disaster response. The committee consists of the
following six members and one co-opted member:
I. Executive Manager (EM) : Chair
II. Technical/Services Representative : Member
III. Chairman, CoE 1 : Member
IV. Chairman, CoE 2 : Member
V. Tinputz Women’s Representative : Member
VI. Church Representative : Member
VII. NGO Representative : Co-opted Member

The Tinputz DDRMC meeting will be held quarterly in the 2nd week (preferably on
Thursday) of the 3rd month. The Chair will organize the extra ordinary meeting in the
case of emergency. In case of unavailability of the EM, the Quorum will nominate the
chair for the meeting. The quorum of meeting is 5. In the first meeting, the DDRMC
will nominate alternate representative for each member in absence of the committee
members. The key discussion and agreed actions of each meeting of the DDRMC will be
documented through meeting minutes.

3.2 Roles and responsibilities of the DDRMC

• Assess disaster and emergency situations: On receipt of early warning or
immediately after disaster, the Tinputz DDRMC emergency meeting will be
convened and it will activate the disaster response. It will periodically brief the
regional government and other stakeholders on the current situation.
• Coordinate disaster response, relief and rehabilitation: It will coordinate
disaster response, relief and rehabilitation with other agencies including
development partners. The DDRMC will provide relief supplies, food, shelter,
water, clothing and other essential services to the affected people. It will also
coordinate rapid and detailed damage assessment and report to the regional
government. DDRMC will also co-ordinate the rehabilitation activities.
• Coordination with other departments and development partners: It will
coordinate with regional departments, district level departments/divisions,

Tinputz DDRM Plan -6-

 COEs, private sector, development partners and community for disaster
response, recovery, preparedness and mitigation. It will also coordinate with
the line departments for DRM considerations into department’s development
activities.
• DRM Planning and mobilise resources: It will prepare annual DRM programme
for district and submit to the regional government for budget allocation. It will
also coordinate with line departments for allocation of resources for DRM in
department’s budget. DDRMC will also explore funding opportunities with
development partners and other sources for DRM.
• Development/review of disaster risk management plans: DDRMC will develop
and periodically update the DDRMP. It will also coordinate with sectors such as
health, education, etc to prepare and implement its disaster risk management
plan. It will conduct mock drills or table-top excises to check preparedness and
improve the plan.
• Facilitate and implement preparedness and mitigation activities: It will
facilitate the implementation of disaster preparedness and mitigation activities
including school safety and hospital emergency preparedness. It will implement
some of the disaster preparedness and mitigation activities such as awareness
campaign on do’s and don’t of disaster.
• Draft and share annual DRM Report: It will prepare annual report on status of
DRM in the district including implementation of the annual DRM programme and
submit to the regional government.

3.3 Linkages and coordination

The DDRMC will be the nerve centre for disaster risk management including disaster
response and it will coordinate with all stakeholders. The figure 1 captures its linkage
with other stakeholders:

Tinputz DDRM Plan -7-

Figure 1 Tinputz DDRMC Linkages

NDC/Early Warning/Technical AROB Disaster Risk

Agencies at National level Management Committee
DRMC

Tinputz District Development

District level
DRMC/DEOC Partners
line agencies

Council of Elders

Village Assemblies

Tinputz DDRM Plan -8-

4. Early warning, response and recovery mechanism
4.1 End to end Early warning system
An end-to-end early warning system has been effective in saving precious lives and
reducing losses and Tinputz DDRMC is the nodal agency for warning dissemination in
the district. On receipt of the warning, DDRMC will
• Convene DDRMC meeting and determine the most appropriate action in line
with the DDRM Plan.
• Activate the District Emergency Operation Center (DEOC), which will act as
nerve centre for disaster response. The DEOC will periodically update the
AROB.
• DEOC should disseminate warning to concerned CoEs and other concerned
stakeholders and community. Warning will also be disseminated to community
level trained volunteers for dissemination of early warning. Radio, Television,
Public Address System, Mobile and landline telephone, VHF/HF radio, internet,
fire truck and police car siren, church and school bells, community briefing,
notices, network of UN Agencies/NGOs, etc can be used for dissemination of
early warning.
• The content of the warning should include the following:
o Type of hazard
o Probable areas to be impacted
o Likely time of impact of hazard/disaster
o Likely impact of hazard/disaster
o Actions to be taken by stakeholders including community after receipt of
warning
o Contact details for additional information/clarification
• DDRMC should plan and facilitate evacuation and make all arrangements for
evacuees as per the need. The warning dissemination and evacuation should
take care of the special needs of women, children, aged and people with
disability.

For technical information related to hazard, the following can be contacted.

Hazard specific technical agency at national level
Hazard Lead Agency
Fire Fire Service
Disease outbreak Department of Health
Marine accident National Maritime Safety Authority
Oil and Toxic Chemical Spills National Maritime Safety Authority
King tide/Sea swell PNG National Weather Service
Drought PNG National Weather Service
Tsunami Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory

Tinputz DDRM Plan -9-

 Flooding Department of Environment and Conservation
Landslide Department of Mining
Volcanic eruption Rabaul Volcano Observatory
Cyclone PNG National Weather Service

4.2 Disaster response and coordination

The Executive Manager or any other officer designated by the DDRMC or any other
competent authority will be the Incident Commander (IC). The Incident Commander
will decide to set-up a temporary operations centre in proximity of the disaster site
for effective coordination and quick response. The number of such centres may be
more than one, if needed and it will be wounded up once the rescue and relief
operation is over. All agencies involved in the response and relief operation must
operate under the command of Incident Commander. The DDRMC members will
provide support to the Incident Commander.

The IC is overall in-charge of the response and has to discharge the following duties
• Establish the immediate priorities in consultation with DDRMC
• Approve the implementation of response plan.
• Ensure that adequate safety measures are in place.
• Coordinate with key people and officials.
• Approve requests for the release of resources.
• Keep agency administrator informed of incident status.
• Periodic release of information to media.
• Order the demobilization of the incident in consultation with DDRMC

4.3 Roles and Responsibilities of Agencies

District Disaster Risk Management Committee, Tinputz
• Overall in-charge of evacuation, disaster response and rehabilitation
• Meeting of the DDRMC immediately after disaster or on receipt of early
warning.
• Periodic updates to AROB on warning dissemination, evacuation and response
• Coordination with line agencies and development partners for evacuation,
disaster response, relief and rehabilitation
• Conduct/assign a multi-sectoral damage and need assessment team and finalize
the damage and need report
• Periodic briefing to media on disaster and response situation
• Shift people in identified temporary safe shelter
• Direct available resources for evacuation and response
• Coordinate with AROB, development partners, private sector, etc
• Requesting Regional Government assistance if the disaster response is beyond
the capacity of the district disaster risk management Commission

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 10 -

• Support in coordinating the response activities of non-governmental
organizations
• Facilitate establishment of Trust Fund
• Share DRM Plan with targeted communities

Department of Police and Corrections

• Maintain law and order in affected area including evacuation centres and
evacuated areas
• Collect and update number of casualties and injured
• Focus on vulnerable groups such as women, children, aged and people with
disability
• Shift injured people
• Facilitating the availability of vehicles for transportation of resources and
communities

Department of Community Development

• Preliminary survey and analysis of the damaged community structures
• Temporary restoration of services
• Technical assessment and cost estimation for reconstructing community assets
• Engagement of affected community in temporary employment for restoration
of services
• Special care for income generation of single women, aged, people with
disability, etc

Department of Health
• Deployment of emergency search and rescue team to the disaster hit area
equipped with ambulances and medicine.
• Store tents and medical kits in places close to the disaster hit area.
• Save live and treatment of ill and wounded
• Preventing the spread of disease in the disaster hit area without any
discrimination
• Dispatch technical personnel to the disaster hit area.
• Technical assessment of the condition of health infrastructure and needs
• Prioritize seriously wounded and ill and transport them to hospitals

Department of Education
• Allow school to be used as temporary shelters and relief distribution centre
• Technical assessment of the condition of school infrastructure and needs
• Reopen schools at the earliest and if permanent structure is not fit for re-use,
temporary structure including tents can be used
• Coordinate with Department of Health for trauma counselling for students

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 11 -

• Identification of the needs of the students and teachers and special attention
for students with disability
• Students, teachers and volunteers assist in search, rescue and transfer

Department of Lands, Physical Planning, Environment and Conservation

• Keep the construction workers and other equipment in ready state for the
protection and maintenance of establishments
• Undertake immediate assessment of damaged structures
• Clear roads and collecting information about the secure roads.
• Cooperate with the teams of search and rescue operations for secure roads
• Providing shelter to the victims
• Detailed technical survey for the measure of damages incurred to the public
establishments.
• Building of temporary facilities including provision of drinking water
• Facilitating the availability of vehicles for transportation of resources and
communities

Department of Primary Industries

• Assistance in rescue operations by shifting livestock to safer places
• Burial and removal of dead livestock
• Preliminary survey of damaged industry, agriculture and livelihoods
• Coordinate with Department of Community Development for temporary
employment of the affected workers
• Restart of shops, market and industries at the earliest
• Technically evaluating the condition of agriculture infrastructure, forests,
pasture and water resources (drinking water and irrigating water), industries
• Coordinate with the Department of Treasury and Finance for availability of
financial assistance to affected businessmen

Department of Mineral Resources and Energy

• Dissemination of early warning especially to the people working in mining
• Evacuation of people from mining sites, if needed
• Plan back-up energy services in aftermath of disaster
• Assist in evacuation to nearby community
• Assessment of damages and need
• Restart the mining and energy services at the earliest

Department of Commerce and Tourism

• Dissemination of early warning especially at tourist locations
• Evacuation of tourists, if needed
• Assessment of damages and need to commerce and tourism
• Clearance of debris from tourism location and restart at the earliest

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 12 -

• Coordinate with Department of Treasury and Finance for availability of
financial assistance to affected tourism sector

Department of Technical Services

• Assessment of damages and losses and identify needs
• Assist in preparing rehabilitation plan for infrastructures and services

Department of Treasury and Finance

• Assessment of damages and losses and identify needs and cost estimation
• Availability of resources for response and rehabilitation

Development Partners
• Volunteers shall be in alert state after receipt of warning
• Surveying affected areas and transfer aid from the non-affected branches to
the affected areas.
• Assist DDRMC in identifying casualties and damages and analysing requirements.
• Assist in dissemination of early warning
• Facilitate relief distribution
• Mobilizing the existing food and non food items to the disaster hit areas
• Assisting in search and rescue operations
• Cooperation with the DDRMC on coordination, preparation of report, etc

4.4 Disaster/accident reporting

The Disaster/accident reporting is important as response can be better planned. In the
event of early warning or disaster, it should be first reported to the DEOC/DDRMC. The
DEOC will regularly update the information about accident/disaster to the following:
• Emergency Operation Centre, AROB
• Director, National Disaster Center
• Executive Manager, Tinputz
• Concerned Departments at Tinputz
• Executive Managers of concerned districts
• Concerned CoEs
• Representative of civil society in DDRMC

It is important to document and develop a database of reporting during any disaster as

it would be of immense help in future disaster risk management planning. The
indicative reporting format is at Annex I.

4.5 Damage and loss assessment

The preliminary damage and loss assessment in the event of any disaster should be
done at the earliest after the disaster. It should identify geographical areas affected
by disasters, sectors affected, interventions required, etc. The format for rapid

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 13 -

damage assessment shall be provided by NDC/AROB/DDRMC.
The rapid damage assessment should be followed by detailed damage assessment. This
assessment should be done sector-wise i.e. damage to health, education, government
building, roads and bridges, agriculture, industry, forestry, mines, etc. This will help
in reconstruction and rehabilitation programmes for recovery affected sectors. The
damage and loss assessment report shall be finalized by the DDRMC.

4.6 Relief distribution and Coordination

The distribution of relief in post-disaster phase requires immaculate planning and
execution. The relief distribution shall be just, fair and equitable without nay bias,
however, special focus shall be given to aged, women especially pregnant and
lactating, people with disability and children.

The Executive Manager will be the overall in-charge of relief distribution and person
assigned shall supervise the distribution of relief within the district. He will maintain
record of people living in relief shelter along with the distribution of relief materials.
After closure of relief camp, the camp in-charge should a report to the
DDRMC/Executive Manager. The relief distribution shall be undertaken as per the
NDC/AROB instructions/guideline. In case of any additional requirement, the
NDC/AROB shall be informed immediately. The local NGOs shall be involved in relief
distribution. The pre-identified safe shelter shall be provided security by police.

4.7 Recovery and reconstruction

The recovery and reconstruction phase starts after the rescue, relief and
rehabilitation. This phase aims to restore the physical, social and environmental
normalcy, which were affected due to disaster. It can also be used as an opportunity
to reduce disaster risk. During future recovery and reconstruction programme, DDRMC
should ensure the following:
• Build back better principle i.e. reconstruct with disaster risk reduction features
so that in future disasters, reconstructed structures are not affected.
• Participation of community and civil society in recovery and reconstruction will
ensure that assets reconstructed are accepted by the community and hence
sustainability.
• Apart from physical reconstruction, it is important to take care of the psycho-
socio needs of the affected people as these are sometimes not visible.
• During reconstruction, displacement should be avoided and in case
displacement is only viable solution, then support facilities including
livelihoods shall be ensured for displaced people.
• The recovery and reconstruction programmes generally create high-level of
expectation, hence it is important to keep the stakeholders informed so that
unrealistic expectation is avoided.

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 14 -

5. Mitigation and Preparedness measures
5.1 Disaster risk management considerations into development
The linkages between disaster and development have been well established and DRM is
an important consideration for sustainable development. It is important that the
developmental programmes and projects undertaken by departments through annual
budget or impact project should consider DRM issues. The DDRMC will coordinate with
line departments especially during preparation of annual budget for DRM
considerations into annual budget of the departments. Some of the key interventions
include multi-hazard construction of health facilities, schools and public buildings,
flood and landslide considerations while constructing roads, drought and salinity
considerations in agriculture planning, etc. The DDRMC shall coordinate with the
Department of Treasury and Finance to ensure that projects submitted by line
departments are also scrutinized from DRM angle. The Department for Technical
Services will provide technical assistance on design of multi-hazard resistant
structures. The DDRMC shall facilitate with private companies or individuals to ensure
DRM considerations in private development.

5.2 Awareness generation on Do’s & Don’t of disasters

Some basic Do’s and Don’ts related to disasters is very useful for reducing loss of lives
and properties. Hence, to disseminate Do’s and Don’ts related to different disasters,
DDRMC shall undertake mass awareness activities through various means. The Do’s and
Don’ts produced by the NDC will be replicated and widely shared. Some of the
medium for mass awareness shall include:
• Do’s and Don’ts banner/board related to different disasters at public place.
• Use of local songs to disseminate disaster risk management theme
• Short plays covering Do’s and Don’ts of different disasters shall be developed
and plays shall be organized at community level
• Pamphlets, leaflets, etc shall be distributed
• Printing of maps for sharing
• Develop short film and documentaries on Do’s and Don’ts of disasters
• District Programme called ‘Partners/Stakeholders’ to be used

5.3 Community based disaster risk management

It is important to empower to community to systematically respond to disasters, as it
is very difficult to meet the needs of all affected community by the DDRMC alone. In
each community, a Disaster Risk Management Committee shall be established and
some volunteers will be trained on basic Search and rescue, First-aid, Early warning
dissemination, Evacuation, etc. Also, community shall prepare its Disaster risk
management plan.

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 15 -

The inventory of these committee and volunteers shall be maintained at DDRMC so
that in case of disaster they can be reached and utilized. Also, the community
development project shall be fund priorities identified in the community DRM plan. In
Tinputz, this initiative has been taken in 5 the selected community and it shall be
sustained as well up-scaled to reach other communities.

5.4 School Safety

Safe schools are very important as schools are also used for social gathering,
temporary relief centres in the event of any disaster apart from the primary purpose
of teaching. The school safety shall look into the safety of the structure as well as
preparedness among the students and teachers. DRRMC along with Education
Department shall conduct awareness programmes on Do’s and Don’ts related to
disasters in each school. Also, each school shall prepare its disaster risk management
plan and practice it. Some of teachers and students shall be trained on basic search
and rescue and first aid. In medium-term, all vulnerable school buildings shall be
strengthened and converted into multi-hazard resistant structures.

5.5 Procurement of equipment and construction of facilities for response

DDRMC shall have 1-2 kits of emergency rescue equipment over 3 -5 years and, hence
it shall develop a list of search and rescue equipment and procure it through annual
budget, impact projects budget and external assisted projects.. The equipment shall
be properly maintained and regularly used for ensuring its readiness. The indicative
emergency rescue kit include Gas cutter, Tent, Bolt cutter, Life jacket, Life buoys,
Nylon ropes, Hammer, Hand saw, Torch, Nose Mask, Emergency light, First-aid kit,
Portable Generator, Public Address System, Fire extinguisher, Folding stretcher and
Rubber Inflatable boats.

The equipment shall be deployed at DDRMC and the emergency response teams shall
use it. The mock drill shall be organized to check preparedness of all stakeholders
including the status of equipment.

5.6 Creation of an emergency response team

It is important to create an Emergency Response Team at district level, which shall
include government staff (health, police, civil engineer, etc) and volunteers. The team
should be able to provide first-aid, conduct basic search and rescue, assess the
damage to structure, etc. The team shall act as a surge team i.e. assemble and
conduct operation, when required and then disburse. The team shall use the
Emergency Response Kit.

5.7 Disaster Risk Management Plan of line agencies

Disaster risk management is everybody’s business as it is a cross cutting issue, hence
each department shall prepare its Disaster Risk Management Plan, which include

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 16 -

response, preparedness and mitigation issues. The key response measures for
department have been mentioned in chapter 4.3.
Key preparedness and mitigation measures are as follows:

District Disaster Risk Management Committee, Tinputz

• Coordinate with line departments for preparation of DRM Plan of departments
• Coordinate with line departments for mainstreaming DRM into annual budget
and development plan and impact projects
• Ensure implementation of DRM Plan of Tinputz district
• Procure and maintain emergency response kit
• Ensure Community level disaster risk management plan is prepared and
implemented.
• Undertake public awareness programme on different disaster
• Create a Emergency response team
• Create facilities for activating District Emergency Operation Centre
• Draft an annual report on disaster risk management status in district

Department of Police and Corrections

• Prepare Disaster Risk Management Plan of department including law and order
• Arranging an operational program for disaster response by the request of
disaster management Commission during the disaster.
• Training on search and rescue
• Appointing personnel for coordination with DDRMC

Department of Community Development

• Identify focal point from department from department for DRM
• Ensure all future community development projects have DRM elements
• Conduct training on multi-hazard resistant construction for masons and
carpenters
• Create mass awareness on Do’s and Don’ts related disasters at community level

Department of Health
§ Identify focal point for DRM from department to liaise with DDRMC
§ Develop Health Disaster Risk Management plan of district
§ Conduct training on emergency health, first-aid, etc
§ Store medical kits for emergency response
§ Create mass awareness on Do’s and Don’ts related to disaster

Department of Education
§ Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC
§ Coordinate and monitor schools to prepare DRM Plan

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 17 -

§ Technical assessment of the condition of school infrastructure in terms of
disasters
§ Prepare DRM plans of department
§ Establish disasters in education policy in schools

Department of Lands, Physical Planning, Environment and Conservation

• Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC
• Conduct training on multi-hazard construction for masons and carpenters
• Support DDRMC in identifying hazard zones and development shall be avoided
in hazard zone
• Plantation of mangrove in coastal areas

Department of Primary Industries

• Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC
• Promote drought and salinity resistant crops. Also promote inter-cropping
pattern for risk sharing
• Coordinate with industries to prepare its DRM Plan

Department of Mineral Resources and Energy

• Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC
• Prepare DRM Plan of the department
• Prepare back-up plan power in case of emergencies
• Evacuation plan for miners in case of emergency

Department of Commerce and Tourism

• Identify focal point for DRM to liaise with DDRMC
• Coordinate with tourism industry for disaster preparedness
• Ensure tourism infrastructure are multi-hazard resistant

Department of Technical Services

• Assist departments on multi-hazard resistant construction
• Develop basic do’s and don’ts on multi-hazard construction

Department of Treasury and Finance

• Ensure sufficient budget for DRM activities

Development Partners
§ Support line agencies in undertaking DRM activities
§ Assist in revision of the DRM Plan of Tinputz district
§ Support in procurement and storage of emergency equipment
§ Conduct capacity building programmes on DRM

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 18 -

6. Funding mechanism and Monitoring
6.1 Key funding mechanism for DRM
The development planning and budget is under transition in the Autonomous Region of
Bougainville, which provides a window of opportunity for creating a mechanism for
funding DRM activities. The following funding sources have been identified:

• Annual budget of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville

DRM has been prioritised at national as well as regional level and in order to
implement the DRM activities, a budget line for disaster response, preparedness and
mitigation should be created in the annual budget of the AROB. This annual allocation
should be allocated at regional as well as district level based on the needs and
projects identified by the region and districts. This fund will be used for undertaking
immediate response, relief and rehabilitation activities, procurement of disaster
response equipment, awareness generation, preparedness and mitigation activities.
The Office of Disaster and Emergency Services should coordinate and monitor this
fund.

• Department budgets
DRM is a cross-cutting issue which calls for risk management considerations into
developmental activities which includes sectors such as health, education,
governance, infrastructure, community development, mining and agriculture. The
Tinputz DDMC should coordinate with the line agencies at district level for allocation
of budget for DRM in their respective annual budget. This budget can be used for
sectoral disaster preparedness and mitigation activities such as school safety
awareness in school by education department, hospital preparedness plan by health
department, etc. Some of the special funds like Governance Improvement Fund (GIF)
can also be explored for allocation of a percentage for DRM.

• Special/Trust Fund
The Tinputz district is prone to a number of disaster and climate change including the
Carteret atoll relocation and rehabilitation, which is on global development radar.
This offers an opportunity to mobilize resources from charities, private bodies,
individual donors, etc for disaster and climate risk management in the district. These
sources require a robust financial management system including monitoring and
reporting. The Tinputz DDRMC should explore the possibility of creating a trust/special
fund with the finance department or treasury at regional level. The Tinputz DDRMC
fund will manage the fund in a transparent and fair manner.

• Development Partners
In Tinputz, a number of development partners including UNDP, Care International,
PNG Red Cross, World Vision, etc are undertaking disaster risk management and other

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 19 -

development projects. Some of these development partners have medium to long-
term development programs and projects. The Tinputz DDRMC should discuss and
coordinate its DRM priorities with these partners and secure funding for
implementation of some the DRM activities.

6.2 Monitoring and evaluation of DRM

• Implementation of the DRM Programme/Plan
The Tinputz DDRMC will be overall coordinating agency for implementation of the DRM
programme including the DDRM Plan in the district. The DDRMC will review the
progress of DRM program implementation in its monthly meeting as well as special
meeting. It will prepare an annual report on DRM implementation in district, which
will be submitted to the region.

DDRMC will also organize mock drill or table-top simulation exercises to check the
effectiveness of Disaster Risk Management plan or systems and identify areas of
improvement. These mock drills and simulation exercises can be organized at district,
community, hospital, school, etc levels.

• Review/Updating of the DDRM Plan

The Tinputz District Disaster Risk Management Plan is a living document and it will be
annually updated as risk profile and capacity in district changes. The Tinputz DDRM
Plan will be updated using findings of the mock drills, analysis of any past disaster and
changing district profile. The Tinputz DDRMC will be responsible for updating the plan
and it will ensure involvement of all concerned stakeholders in the updating process.
The updated copy of the Plan will be sent to Regional office at Buka.

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 20 -

Annex I
Format of Disaster /Accident Report
Date: Time:
Name of the disaster/accident

Place disaster/accident

Time of disaster/accident
Brief of disaster/accident
- Estimated loss of lives, injured persons
- Loss of livestock
- No of affected house
- Situation at the disaster/accident site
- Law & order
- Additional information, if any

Action taken
- Search & rescue operations
- Persons/agencies undertaking managing the
disaster/accident
- Shifting of injured or casualties
- Medical assistance
- Additional information, if any

Assistance required from the higher authorities/AROB

Name, designation & contact details of the Duty Officer

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 21 -

Annex II
Important contact details of National and Regional levels

National level
Name of Agency Name and Designation Contact details
National Disaster Center (NDC), Mr. Martin Mose, Director Tel:675-325 0239/0410
Port Moresby Fax: 675-325 4186

Regional level, Buka

Name of Agency Name and Designation Contact details

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 22 -

Annex III
Important contact details of CoEs and Village Assemblies

Taonita Tinputz
Name of CoE/Village Assembly Name of Chief Contact details
Taonita Tinputz

Taonita Teop
Taonita Teop

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 23 -

 Annex IV
List of disaster response equipment and contact

Name of response Quantity Contact Persons details

equipment
Portable Generator

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 24 -

Annex V
List of Partners (UN Agencies, INGOs, NGOs, Private sector, etc)

Name of Development Contact Person Contact Details

Partner

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 25 -

Annex VI
Bougainville district map

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 26 -

Annex VII
Disaster Risk Management related Definitions and Terms
Hazard
Dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. (UNISDR, 2009)

Vulnerability
The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard (UNISDR, 2009)

Capacity
The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals.(UNISDR,
2009)

Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources. (UNISDR, 2009)

Risk
The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences (UNISDR,
2009)

Prevention
The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters (UNISDR,
2009)

Mitigation
The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters
(UNISDR, 2009)

Preparedness
The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and
recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond
to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or
conditions. (UNISDR, 2009)

Early warning
The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful
warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened
by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the
possibility of harm or loss. (UNISDR, 2009)

Response
The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after
a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet
the basic subsistence needs of the people affected processes for post crisis recovery. It
encompasses the restoration of basic services, livelihoods, shelter, governance,
security and rule of law, environment and social dimensions, including the
reintegration of displaced populations. (UNISDR, 2009)

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 27 -

Recovery
The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and
living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster
risk factors. (UNISDR, 2009)

Disaster Risk Management

The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and
operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping
capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of
disaster. (UNISDR, 2009)

Climate Change
It refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the
mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period,
typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes
or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the
atmosphere or in land use. (IPCC)
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that
alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural
climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Distinction between climate
change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and
climate variability attributable to natural causes (UNFCCC)

Climate Change Adaptation

Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to “A change in the climate that
persists for decades or longer, arising from either natural causes or human activity.”

Tinputz DDRM Plan - 28 -