SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET0087

2008/2009 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION

Diploma in Electronics & Communication Engineering

2nd Year FT

Diploma in Aerospace Electronics

2nd year FT

Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

2nd Year FT, 3rd Year EO

Diploma in Electronics, Computer & Communication Engineering

2nd FT, 3rd Year EO

ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Time Allowed: 2 Hours

___________________________________________________________________________

Instructions to Candidates

1. The examination rules set out on the last page of the answer booklet are to be complied
with.

2. This paper consists of THREE sections:

Section A - 10 Multiple Choice Questions, 2 marks each.
Section B - 4 Short Questions, 10 marks each.
Section C - 2 Long Questions, 20 marks each.

3. All questions are COMPULSORY.

4. All questions are to be answered in the answer booklet.

5. Answer each question in Sections B and C on a new page.

6. Fill in the question numbers in the order that they were answered in the box found on the
front cover of the answer booklet, under the column “Question Answered”.

7. This paper consists of 8 pages, inclusive of one formula sheet.

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SECTION A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [2 marks each]

1. Please tick your answers in the MCQ box behind the front cover of the answer
booklet.

2. No marks will be deducted for incorrect answers.

1. The frequency response of different types of transmission medium is compared. Which

medium will have the smallest bandwidth?

a) A 300m co-axial cable

b) A 30m co-axial cable
c) A 300m twisted copper wire
d) A 300m optical fibre

2. TV broadcasting uses an audio bandwidth of ______

a) 5 kHz
b) 10 kHz
c) 15kHz
d) 20 kHz

3. The 2 kHz signal with the spectrum shown in Figure A3 is a

a) half wave rectified signal

b) non-periodic signal
c) rectangular wave signal
d) cosine wave

VP

2k 4k 8k 12k f(kHz
)
Figure A3

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4. An example of man-made noise is

a) Atmospheric noise
b) Thermal noise
c) Cosmic noise
d) Noise from digital equipment

5. Shot noise in an example of

a) radiated noise.
b) conductor noise.
c) semiconductor noise.
d) atmospheric noise.

6. Which circuit produces the least noise?

a) Circuit with F = -3.
b) Circuit with F = 2.
c) Circuit with F = 10.
d) Circuit with F = 100.

7. When a speech signal is multiplied with a 1 MHz sine wave, it will produce

a) one sideband
b) two sidebands
c) three sidebands
d) four sidebands

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 SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET0087

8. The spectrum of x(t)y(t) is as shown:

VP
3.6
3.6

1.5 1.5

0 45 48.5 51.5 55
f(kHz)

If y(t) has spectrum as shown in Figure A8, what is true about x(t)?
VP

50 f(kHz)

Figure A8

a) x(t) has 4 frequency components

b) x(t) has 2 frequency components
c) The frequency components in x(t) are 1.5 kHz and 5 kHz.
d) Both (b) and (c) are correct

9. In FM radio broadcasting, the peak frequency deviation must not exceed

a) 10 kHz
b) 75 kHz
c) 180 kHz
d) 200 kHz

10. The receiver may perform functions like ______

a) amplification
b) demodulation
c) tuning
d) all of the above

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SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET0087

SECTION B [10 Marks Each]

B1. Sketch the spectrum of the signal shown in Figure B1 showing the first four frequency
components. Indicate the frequency and amplitude for each component. The amplitude of
the 2nd, 3rd and 4th frequency component is given by the formula :

8Vp
An = where Vp is the peak amplitude of the signal and n is the harmonic.
(nπ ) 2
(10 marks)

Vp

0
10 20 30 40 t()

Figure B1

B2. (a) When a signal was transmitted in free space, its wavelength was 30cm. When the same
signal was sent through a cable, its velocity was 2.55 ×10 8 m/s. What is the frequency
of the signal and what was its wavelength in the cable ?
(2 marks)

(b) State the frequency range of the VHF and UHF band and give an example of a
telecommunication service occupying each band. (4 marks)

(i) Explain briefly how modulation can greatly reduce the antenna length used
in the transmission of speech and music. (4 marks)

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SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC ET0087

B3. (a) A DSBSC signal can be represented as vs(t)cos2πfct where vs(t) is the modulating
signal and cos2πfct is the carrier. Draw a block diagram to show how the above
DSBSC signal can be generated. (4 marks)

(b) State two advantages and one disadvantage of SSB transmission compared with AM
transmission. (4 marks)

(c) If the modulating signal in part (a) is replaced by a bipolar data signal, what would
be the name of the modulated signal? (2 marks)

B4. a) Draw the block diagram of a fixed tuned superhet receiver and label each block.
(4 marks)

b) The output of the RF BPF is shown in Figure B4. If the intermediate frequency is 455
kHz, sketch the spectrum at the output of the IF BPF. (4 marks)

V(f)

101.985 102 102.015 f (MHz)

Figure B4

c) State one advantage of superhet receiver over TRF receiver. (2 marks)

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SECTION C [ 20 Marks Each ]

C1. The amplitude spectrum of an AM signal is shown in Figure C1.

1V

Amplitude (Volts)
0.5V 0.5V

995 ?? 1005 Freq (KHz)

Figure C1

(a) Determine the frequency of the carrier and the modulating signal. (4 marks)
(b) Calculate the peak voltage of the modulating signal and the carrier (4 marks)
(c) Calculate the modulation index. (2 marks)
(d) Calculate the bandwidth of this AM signal. (2 marks)
(e) Sketch the waveform of this AM signal. (7 marks)
(f) State one advantage of AM over SSB or DSBSC systems. (1 marks)

C2. Figure C2 shows a FM modulator.

(a) Determine the peak frequency deviation of the output FM signal. (2 marks)
(b) Determine the modulation index. (3 marks)
(c) Estimate the FM signal bandwidth. (2 marks)
(d) State with reason whether the FM signal is narrowband or wideband. (2 marks)
1405 kHz (e) Determine the FM signal power over a 50Ω load. (3 marks)
(f) Sketch the spectrum of the FM signal. You only need to show the
frequency of each component. (8 marks)

Volts Volts
1 3
1 ms
0 FM Modulator ms
fC
= 200kHz
-1 kfd
= 2kHz/V
6kHz/V -3

Figure C2

*************End of Paper*************

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Formula Sheet

Pn = kTB
E n = 4kTBR
F2 − 1 F3 − 1 F4 − 1 Fn − 1
Ft = F1 + + + + +
G1 G1 G 2 G1 G 2 G3 G1 G 2 G3  G( n −1)

Boltzmann’s constant, k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K

Room Temperature, T0 = 290 K
Velocity of light in free space, c = 3 x 108 m/s

c o sA c o Bs = 21 c o ( sA + B) + 21 c o ( sA − B)
Positive envelope = [ Vc + v s ( t ) ]

Negative envelope = −[ V c + v s ( t ) ]
A−B
m=
A+B
B FM = 2( m f +1) f s , for integer values of mf.

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