Rafays Autopsy!

1) Activation of gene expression happens via Acetylation,

methylation, deacetylation?
2) Crispr/Cas9 wala topic, gRNA ka role!
Vitamins
3) Vit A def signs, 1 line ka qs dry scaly skin, dry cornea
=> What vitamin Def?
4) 40/50 yo F pernicious anemia, p/w SOB, pin prick
sensory loss, proprioception impaired! Smear pe
hypersegmented neutrophils wgera=> what vitamin
deficiency
5) TB exposure, Px taking INH , cheilosis (fissures at the
angle of the mouth), glossitis (shiny tongue) confusion, PN
signs => What vitamin def?
6) PyruvateDH complex deficiency causes what? simple
Qs! Rx also asked!

7) Flow cytometry scatter plot! Interpretation asked! what

organ will have all these cells that can be seen in the plot
8) PCR => what happens when mix is reheated at 72’C!
Elongation
9) Pompes, McArdle, Hunter/Hurler? Krabbe 4 Qs from
LSD! 3 main Enyme deficiency? 1 main Dx!
10) Promoter Sequence TATAA box whats the
characteristic=> AT rich is the characteristic of Promoter
site
11) a researcher is studying an enzyme to decrease the
cell aging, an enzyme is used? what enzyme? telomerase!
12) Mitochondrial mode of inheritance=> MELAS
explained in the pedigree (1 gen has stroke like episosde,
other generation has lactic acidosis, 1 generation main
encephalomyopathy) Mode of inheritance asked
13) huntington k Sx given, Developed in 2nd Gen in early
age => whats the mechanism of anticipation => repeat
trinucleotide expansion
14) PKU an AR disease, incidence given => probabbility
of the son to be affected?
15) hardy wienberg => 2pq nikalna tha!
16) i cell disease scenario with FA walay Sx, Intracellular
enzymes that were supposed to be inside cytoplasm were
in the plasma=> what is molecular pathophysio =>

Metabolism!
Easy enzymes and regulation Qs!

17) Relative risk

18) odds ratio
19) study design asked in 3,4 qs => Case control, Cohort,
Cross sectional,
New Rx of Chemotherapy to be implimented in a Hospital
4 groups made from different departments so that each
group has a doctor from every dept inculded! presentation
given, findings shown to them to see whats their
response? whats the study design (wierd Q)
20) Rett Sx scenario => what gene mutation?
21) IPEX scenario => gene mutation?
22) WAGR Sx ,Aniridia, MR, abdominal mass! whats the
mutation of Wilms tumor?
23) Tyrosine, Tryptophan wgera k derivatives and
cofactors asked!
24) some disease described in which purely ketogenic diet
needs to be given? what aminoacid should be used?
25) collagen synthesis process described => lysyl oxidase
induced tropocollagen alpha helices cross linking not
happening? what deficient? Cu
26) Classic type Ehlor Danlos Sx what type of collagen
deficient? collagen type 5
27) Digeorge Sx scenario! Deletion on what chromosome?
5
28) Trauma Pt, Retroperitoneal bleed? which of the organ
involved? SAD PUCKER! duodenum answer tha iski dafa
29)Gallstone ileus 2 Qs, What area has obstruction=>
ileocecal valve
30) Gall stone ileus scenario => findings on xray? air in
biliary tract due to fistula
31) Pt came with a infected wound on his hand, was
feeding shell fish in sea side? which of the following is
most likely organism ? Vibrio?
32) PCP Px starts at what count?
33) PCP FA silver stain slide was given => what organism
34) Craniopharyngioma walay compression symptoms, No
endocrinal Function, What the cause CP
35) Digeorge ka cause? 3rd pharyngeal pouch derivative
36)Epispadias/Hypospaidas? which of the following is the
cause? urethral fold closure impaired?
37) Hemorrhoids Qs => external hem. whats the Venous
drainage ?
38) PU perforation Anterior =>perforation => peritonitis
sign
39) PU perforation Posterior=> No perforation since
40) Denial Qs => Ca Sx are there and FHx is +ve, Not
seeking Rx? Bc Pt says its nothing, just another pain
41) Lynch Sx CE=> ovarian is the 3rd in CEO
42) mid cycle Wo came with sudden abdominal pain while
doing some physical activity => BNS? USG
43) VAP => organsim described => green color sputum,
Grape like odor, Oxidase +ve? Pseudomonas
44) Diff b/w gonorrhea, menigitidis?
45? TSI agar => salmonella and shigella ka difference
46) sensitivity of Group A and Group B to bacitracin +ve?
which of the following will also be postive ? PYR?
57) Cystein
58) boy p/w recurrent stones => cystiene excess in U/A?
what needs to be done? pH maintain
59) Afib pt taking several meds Amiodarone p/w
Pulmonary sx (cough) after 2 months? what should be
stopped? Amiodarone
60) Heart sounds MR,
61) LV supply LAD blocked? where will collateral supply
come from? Circumflex?
62? MS pt with Afib? hoarseness and dysphagia Sx due to
LA enlargement? nerve involved?
63? few months baby p/w cyanosis (tet spell presentation)
what murmur? PS
64) Post MI pt died within 24 hours of MI => ECG given?
VTachyarrhythmia? cause of death? ventricular arrhythmia
65) Cause of toxicity of Digoxin in a pt have high BUN:Cr
=> Renal failure
66) Kid had 2 week of URTI now HTN, periorbital edema,
which of the following additional finding will be present in
U/A => casts? RBCS? casts cuz its MAHA not cells
67) same scenario almost => urine main casts what will be
deficient in labs? C3
68) deafness, vision problems, p/w hematuria? Alport Sx!
what collagen deficient?
69) Cirrhosis Pt, Fibrosis on biopsy! What cells
responsible? stellate cells
70) Pt went on travelling p/w hepatitis signs! what the
route? Fecooral
71) Hep A microcsopic findings given, which of the
following is the root of
72) pregnant Pt p/w Hepatic signs? no pruritis? so No
ICP? it was Hep E
73) HIV pt taking HAART? now hyperglycemia what drug?
PI
74) HIV pts taking HAART now p/w nightmares and
hallucination => efavirenz
75) HAART drugs that block docking of the virus? what
glycoprotein is attacked?
76) Pt w h/o influenza now p/w Rusty sputum and Lobar
pneumonia? streptococcus not staph since staph have
acute presentation and involve the whole lung?
77) C diphtheria toxin’s molecular pathophysio? ADP
ribosylation of EF
78) St aureus’s TSST1 and Strep pyogenes both causes
TSSx, how to differentiate? Staph cause diarrhea
79) strep causes beta hemolysis due to what?
streptolysin?
80) Tuberculoid lepromatous leprosy, what cell mediated
response? TH2??
81) Immediate HS, cell has produced triptase+ve
something? which cell of type 1 produces it? Mast cells
82) type 1 HS mechanism described? what cells involved
in production of ILs? TH2
83) Scar is formed after laceration! what will be the
strength of collagen after 3 months?
84) similar type of Qs, scar is formed? what collagen type
used? type3
85) TB scenario, Fibrois has occured? what mediator IGF
beta
86) Reactive arthritis scenario, conjunctivits e’out exudate,
urithritis sign? joint pains? Organism? chlamydia!
87) MRI of arm given => Humerus and Ulna could be
seen, a tendon coming from above, what will the loss?
Bicep? Loss of elbow flexion?
88) Erb palsy scenario, which of the following will be
preserved? Tricep function since C5, C6 injured!
89) Fever mediator? TNF a, IL1 and IL6 all in one option
90) Wiskott aldirch scenario Dx
91) oculocutanous albinism in a scenario? chediak higashi
Sx => molecular pathophysio?
92) Tcells are not reacting properly, when analysed some
cells are in anergy, whats the reason? costimulation
93) 30s young women p/w hypothyroidism, non tender
goiter, TSH, T3 values given? antibodies of Hashimotto
asked?
94) Another scenario of hashimotto? Dx asked?
95) tender thyroid => Subacute thyroiditis? precipitating
cause=> viral infection
96) Endometriosis scenario, laproscopic findings given?
Slide given having cells in stroma? Dx
97) middle aged women e’ irregular menstrsual bleeding,
p/E irregular uterus, Histo given, Leiomyoma!
98)Pt works in elderly nursing center p/w tachycardia,
sugar 44, diaphoresis, tremors, fasting of 6 hours! cause?
levothyroxine? glyburide? Insulin?
99) health care worker p/w cant remember? Munchasen
by proxy scene
100) Pharma experiment => one persons enzymes
underexpressed? other persons enzymes overexpressed?
Km pe effect
101) Scenario given, order kinetics asked? what order
what drug
102) Fungal infection => Antifungal given, what substrate’s
metabolism will be affected? warfarin in the option
103) Dose response Curves given, what graph will
represent pure competitive!
104) Pt p/w breast Ca findings, whats the cause of
dimpling of skin (diff b/w inflammatory and other Ca)
Coopers ligament involvement~ since non tender fixed
mass not inflammatory
105) Pseudohyperparathyroidism scenario => Values
asked of Ca, Po4, PTH?
106) CRF scenario, pt p/w bone pain, values asked of
Renal osteodystrophy
107) Scenario of MM, bence jones proteins composition?
light chain
108) young pt DKA, Labs blood gases given =>
Abnormality? Met acidosis
109) pt wana go camping, 10k ft high, he c/o mountain
sickness! what will you give? acetazolamide?
110) Old pt p/w joint pains, hands picture given with nodes
on PIP and DIP,
111) Pt p/w seronegative arthritis with psoriasis signs,
which of the following is Fx of this disease => HLA b27
112) UC scenario with colonoscopy findings given p/w joint
restriction in vertebrae can bend ? Dx? Ankylosing
spondylitis
113) CML => BCR ABL fusion, Drug inhibits what?
Tyrosine kinase?
114) Schizophrenic Sx given, Antipsychotics started a mo
ago now p/w URTI? what should be ordered now? CBC
115) Antipsychotics receptors? D2
116) Tourette Scenario, what drug can be given? No
Antipsych in option! guanfacine here
117) ADHD scenario, Mother wants drug which doesnt
have abuse potential
118) A person p/w allergies, Pt want non sedating anti
allergic => Fexofenadine
119) pt p/w Depression, H/o high energy
120) Kid p/w staring spell, EEG given of absence seizures
medication will act on what part of brain ? Thalamus
121) a drug given for a procedure, now pt disoriented, no
LOC tho due to Anesthesia => assuming ketamine MOA
asked? NMDA
122) Lewy body dementia Scenario? dementia with visual
hallucination, parkinsonism! What will be the biopsy
finding? Lewy bodies
123) Scenario of rapidly progressive dementia, startle
Myoclonus => Dx? CJD
124) pT went for travelling, now p/w urinary Sx, On
Cystoscopy => bladder epithelium abnormal, what
organism? schistosoma hematobium
125) Capecitabine given whats the MOA? Thymidylate
synthase inhibition
126) HGPRT deficient in pt, which of the following will
occur in pt
a,b) inc or dec pyrimidine syn
c,d) in or dec purine syn
Inc in pyrimindine synthesis
127) kid p/w Hyperamonemia, encephalopathy signs,
Glucose ketones Normal, blood smear Normal! (excluding
orotic aciduria) OTC def
128) Tibial nerve neuropathy by examination findings?
cant invert and plantar flex
129) Shocks =>
130) population pyramid! researcher are looking for how to
improve their growth or economy => look for it
131) young man was sitting, sudden SOB , P/E upper lung
hyperresonant, dec breath sound! Tracheal deviation!
which pleural layer is damaged
133) Sheep hurder, p/w 2,3 mo of cough, IgE levels
slightly raised, Dx? Hypersentivity pneumonitis! (woolster
disease)
134) AML pt, started bleeding, PT, PTT labs asked of DIC
basically
135) AML Rx, what receptor involved? Retinoic acid
136) IM scenario, Atypical lymphocytes, causative org?
EBV
137)Anti Rho D to be given to gravida 2 para 1, which of
the following combo of blood groups of mother and father
will necessitate Anti Rho D!
138)