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In this tutorial we will draw a straight line segment by using the Line symbol from the Draw tool bar and the line
command.
Method 1:
Method 2:
Method 3:
1. Select the line symbol from the draw menu or type Line or L in the command line.
2. Select a starting point for the line segment.
3. Move the cursor in the line direction.
4. Enter the length of the line segment, for example: type 3’ or 3”.
5. Hit Enter.
Method 1:
Method 2:
Method 1:
Method 3:
1. Select the circle symbol from the draw menu.or type Circle or C in the command line.
2. Click on the screen where you want to specify the center point for the circle.
3. Specify the radius or diameter of the circle by typing R or D.
4. Hit Enter.
5. Input the numeric value.
6. Hit Enter.
Method 1:
Method 2:
1. Select the line you want to extend. (The grip will be automatically highlighted in blue).
2. Pick a grip from the line.
3. Drag the line from the end grip or side that you want to extend. (This is also a stretch method).
Method 2:
1. Type RECTANG or REC in the command line.
2. Specify on the screen the first corner for the rectangle you want to draw.
3. Type D to specify the dimension for the rectangle.
4. Input t the length.
5. Input t the width.
6. Click anywhere inside the rectangle area to get out of the command.
AutoCAD reference - Working with a rotated
background
Let’s assume, you have received a rectangle as an XREFed background plan that is rotated at some unknown angle
(see fig. 1) and you need to work on the overlay plan, for instance input text notes, draw ductwork, etc... The
problem is: it’s hard to do all that at an angle and align them to the background plan. Therefore, you need the plan
to show at a 0⁰ angle without changing the coordinate (x,y,z) of the original background. Keep in mind that the
background should not be rotated as other trades are using it as is.
Figure 1.
Figure 3.
7. Type PLAN.
8. Select Current or UCS to input the named view that you have just created.
The view should look like your custom view and you are ready to work (see fig. 4)
Figure 4.
Now look what happens when you type PLAN and select WORLD in the command line (see fig. 5)
Figure 5.
The original background stays the same. All your texts and work follow the unknown rotation of the background.
If you need to quickly rotate the crosshairs see this post about rotating the crosshairs on our blog page.
If you need any further help, contact me using the contact page or visit the bulletin board site.
XREF - AutoCAD tutorial step by step instructions:
Xref is the most useful command from AutoCAD. If you are going to use the software for work or you are looking
to advance further, you will need to know how to use the xref command. It is absolutely necessary. And I will show
you why.
Xref is used to cross reference plans and objects because you want to minimize repetitions, maximize consistency,
save time and increase productivity.
Now, let us become more practical here. Let us assume you have three drawings. I will call them sheet 1, sheet 2
and sheet 3 (see images below).
Sheet 1 shows a rectangle. But it could be anything else. The two other sheets have circles, etc., but they both
have one thing in common: a rectangle. So instead of drawing that rectangle twice, it would be wise to draw it once
and xref it to both drawings. Some of you might think: What if I draw it once and then copy it to each drawing?
If you copy the drawing you will have to copy it again if you want to make changes to that rectangle. Let us say
you want to make it larger or want to chamfer the edges. Do you want to copy again? Or do you want to just
change the xref and that is it.
The idea here is to reduce steps and time by drawing anything in common once. And that is when the xref comes in
handy.
There are two types of xrefs: Overlay and Attachment.
Overlay: only brings what you draw inside that xref sheet. No other dependent. In other words: if you were to look
at a tree diagram, it only goes one level deep (see image above on the left).
Attachment xrefs bring unlimited dependent xrefs and levels (see image above on the right).
Steps:
Your xref drawing should be inserted inside the current drawing like the above image.
CAD Layers - tutorial
The Layer command is a very important tool of AutoCAD. It lets you create layers to separate your drawing objects.
Layers are used to group, change the visibility and to control objects.
Each layer you create has its own associated properties that are unique to that layer. A list of things you can do
using layers:
• Control objects by locking and unlocking layers so they are not accidentally modified.
• Allow layers to be plotted or not.
• Create as many layers as you want.
• Group layers by colors, line types, names, etc... Also, you can create a group filter inside the layer manager that
can be saved within the drawings so other sharing users can use it later.
• Isolate layers and objects with the same properties in the drawing space. For example, you want to show only
walls and hide all doors.
• Change the visibility of drawing layouts.
• Turn on or off, freeze or thaw layers in model space or in the viewport layouts in paper space.
• Globally change object properties.
1. Type LAYER in the command line or select from the layer toolbar.
2. By default AutoCAD will name the layer “layer1”.
3. Double click and rename it.
4. In the right column you can assign color, line type to the layer, freeze or thaw it.
5. Select the object in the drawing to which the layer will be assigned.
6. Click on the layer icon bar and select the appropriate layer.
Filters
Filters are good if you have multiple layers and you want to see certain layers with common properties. For
example, you can filter all layers that have the color blue or names including the word “HVAC”.
To create a new filter:
1. Click on the very first button on the top left side above the tree navigation and renamed it.
Within the filter dialogue you can double click below any column. For example, you want to create a filter for all
layers with the color blue.
2. Double click below the color column and select the blue color.
Group filter
You can use the layer group filter to group layers that you define regardless of their properties.
1. Click on the second button on the top left side above the tree navigation.
2. Drag the layers you want to group from the right side to the group filter on the left.
CAD table
Although working with tables in Microsoft Excel is easier and more convenient than the table features in AutoCAD,
sometimes you might want to create just a quick small table in AutoCAD. The table will look as if you were to draw
it by drawing lines in CAD.
When creating the table you have different options to choose from. You can start from:
• Empty cell table: Normal blank CAD table.
• From a data link: CAD table linked to an Excel data sheet and the table will automatically be updated when the
Excel data is changed.
• From object data in the drawing (Data Extraction): table made from selected object data in the current
drawing.
To create a simple table, follow these simple steps below:
1. Type “TABLE” in the command line or select from the Draw toolbar.
2. Select Standard for table style unless you have a custom or template table already made.
3. Select “Start from empty table”.
4. Specify an insertion point or specify a window where you want the table to be located in drawing.
5. Enter the number column.
6. Specify the column width.
7. Enter the number of rows.
8. Specify the row height.
9. Set the styles for the rows. Choose in which row you want the header, title and data to be placed.
See figure below.
1. Type “TABLE” in the command line or select from the Draw toolbar.
2. Select the “From a data link“ for insert options.
3. Click the data link manager icon to launch the manager dialogue.
4. Select “Create a new Excel Data Link”.
5. Enter a name for your linked data.
6. Browse for the Excel data file location.
7. Select the excel file you wish to link.
8. Click ”Open”.
9. Choose whether you want to link the entire sheet, a named range or a range from the sheet.
10. Check the “Preview” box to see the table you are about to link.
11. Click “OK” on all windows to finish and close.
Creating and array of objects
The array command in AutoCAD is used to make multiple copies of objects. Although you can use the copy
command to duplicate objects, the array command is more flexible and precise. One advantage of using the array
command is that it allows you to copy objects in a defined angle and exact number of copies. Therefore, you can
create array in various pattern. For example, you can show multiple objects in a row, column, or irregular pattern
such as a spiral. Let’s look at a few examples below:
Rectangular array
1. Type Array in the command line or select from the modify toolbar.
2. Select the object you would like to array.
3. Input the number of rows. (negative number for downward array)
4. Input the number of columns. (negative number will point array to the left)
5. Pick or input the distance for the Row offset.
6. Pick or input the distance for the Column offset.
7. Enter the Angle for the array. (Use the default 0 degree).
8. Select the Preview button to see the sample array before you hit the Ok button. You can accept the array or
modify it. (Optional step).
See the figure below for visual step by step instructions.
Polar array
1. Type Array in the command line or select from the modify toolbar.
2. Select the object you would like to array.
3. Enter or select the center point of rotation for the object.
4. Select a method of array. (3 methods to choose from see terms definitions below).
5. Enter the number of items to array. (Methods 1 and 2).
6. Enter the array angle. (Methods 1 and 3).
7. Enter the angle between the objects. (Methods 2 and 3).
8. Make sure to check “Rotate items as copied” if you would like to copy the objects as selected.
9. For Object base point use the default selected. (Optional step).
10. Select the Preview button to see the sample array before you hit the Ok button. You can accept the array or
modify it. (Optional step).
See the figure below for visual step by step instructions.
Terms definitions:
Rows and columns: where you enter the number of rows and columns of objects. There is a maximum number of
rows and columns that can be entered. If you want to override that number you can always do that by typing
(setenv “MaxArray “####”) in the command prompt. Where ### is the new maximum number you would like.
Method of array: There are three (3) ways you can array objects.
(1) Total number of items & Angle to fill. This method will automatically calculate the angle between the items
based on the number of items and angle to fill.
(2) Total number of items & Angle between items. This will automatically calculate the angle to fill the array
based on the number of items.
(3) Angle to fill & Angle between items. This will automatically calculate the number of items for you based on
your input angle to fill and angle between the items.
Base point: is the reference point where AutoCAD will rotate the object. By default, depending on the shape, the
base point is already set. For example, a circle, an ellipse, or an arc, they all have a default base point at the
center, but you can manually specify a different point.
How to pan and zoom drawings
When you work in a drawing, you can control the display and move quickly to different areas of the drawing while
you track the overall effect of your changes. You can zoom to change magnification or pan to reposition the view in
the drawing area.
Here are several ways you can pan and zoom a drawing:
Pan a drawing
You can shift the location of your view by using PAN or by using the window scroll bars. With the Realtime option,
you pan dynamically by moving your pointing device. Using the PAN command does not change the location of
your drawing; it only changes the view.
You can change the view of a drawing by zooming in and out. Zooming does not change the absolute size of objects
in the drawing; it changes only the magnification of the view. When you work with large drawing plans, you will
need to zoom out frequently to see an overview of your work. You can use ZOOM Previousto return quickly to the
prior view.
You can zoom in on a rectangular area of your drawing by specifying two diagonal corners of the area you want to
view larger.
Using the REALTIME option, you can zoom dynamically by moving your mouse up or down. By right-clicking, you
can display a shortcut menu with additional viewing commands.
To zoom by dragging
The ZOOM Extents command is used to display the largest possible magnification of the drawing that includes all
of the objects in the drawing. For example objects on layers that are turned off but it will not include objects on
frozen layers.
NB: When you use ZOOM All, it displays either your defined drawing limits or the drawing extents, whichever view
is larger.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Block Make. Or type BLOCK in the command line.
2. At the prompt of the Block Definition dialog box, enter a block name in the Name box.
3. Under Objects, select Convert to Block.
Disregard the other options. As selecting delete will erase the original objects used to create the block
definition in your drawing, so make sure the Delete option is not selected.
4. Choose Select Objects.
5. Use your mouse to select the objects to be included in the block. Then press ENTER or the Space bar to
complete object selection.
6. Under Base Point, choose Pick point or Specify on-screen and use your mouse device to specify the
block insertion point. You can also enter the X,Y,Z coordinate of the point manually (but not recommend).
7. In the Description box, enter a description for the block. This will be displayed in AutoCAD Design
Center. (Optional).
8. Under Behavior, check Allow exploding if you want to disassemble them later.
9. Select OK to close the block definition dialogue box.
Now your CAD block is defined in the current drawing and can be inserted at any time.
NB: You can create a single block that contains multiple blocks within itself. They are called Nested blocks. For
example, block A has two block components: block 1, 2. All you have to do is select multiple blocks when you are
selecting the objects.
The only restriction on nested blocks is that a block cannot coexist within itself. For example, block Acannot contain
block A again.
Creating block attribute
A block attribute is a tag or label that attaches information to a block. The information is mapped as a column in a
database table. It can be anything, for example room numbers, equipment tags, drawings numbers in a set etc…
The advantage of using block attribute is that you can always extract the information into a spreadsheet or
database to produce a list.
To create a block attribute you create an attribute definition first.
1. From the Draw menu, choose Block Define Attributes or type ATTDEF.
2. In the Attribute Definition dialog box, select the attribute modes you need.
3. Under Attribute section, enter a tag name.
4. In the Prompt area, enter a text string. This will be the prompt text when you select the attribute.
5. Under Text Settings, choose your preferences, text style, justification, height and rotations.
6. Under Insertion Point, choose Specify on-screen and use your mouse device to specify the attribute
insertion point.
7. Select OK.
Once you have created the attribute definition, you can select it with any objects in the drawing to create a block
attribute. With the attribute definition incorporated into the block, AutoCAD will prompt you with the text string you
specified for the attribute whenever you insert the block. The steps for creating the block attribute in AutoCAD are
the same as for creating a cad block.
Creating the block attribute (See also CAD block for an illustration):
1. From the Draw menu, choose Block Make. Or type BLOCK in the command line.
2. At the prompt of the Block Definition dialog box, enter a block name in the Name box.
3. Under Objects, select Convert to Block.
Disregard the other options. As selecting delete will delete the original objects used to create the block
definition in your drawing, so make sure the Delete option is not selected.
4. Choose Select Objects.
5. Use your mouse to select the objects and the attribute definition to be included in the block attribute
definition. Then Press ENTER or the space bar to complete the objects selection.
6. Under Base Point, choose pick point or Specify on-screen and use your mouse device to specify the block
attribute insertion point. You can also enter the X,Y,Z coordinate of the point manually (but not
recommend).
7. In the Description box, enter a description for the block attribute definition. This will be displayed in
AutoCAD DesignCenter.
8. Under Behavior, check Allow exploding if you want to disassemble them later.
9. Select OK to close the block definition dialogue box
dsd
Creating AutoCAD text style
In AutoCAD you can define many different text styles that will set unique fonts, sizes, angles, orientations and
other characteristics. To create a text style:
Method 1:
In AutoCAD, go to Format. Select Text Style. When the Text style dialogue box appears:
1. You can either select Standard style or create a new style.
2. Enter the name for your new style.
3. Select a Font Name and Style from the drop down menu.
4. Check the Annotative box if you want annotation text.
5. Enter the Text Height for your style. This is the size of the text that will be displayed each time you apply your
style.
6. Enter a Width Factor.
7. Click Apply.
You can edit the style at any time by repeating the steps above.
Method 2:
Select the text style symbol from the format menu or type Style in the command line.
1. You can either select Standard style or create a new style.
2. Enter the name for your new style.
3. Select a Font Name and Style from the drop down menu.
4. Check the Annotative box if you want annotation text.
5. Enter the Text Height for your style. This is the size of the text that will be displayed each time you apply your
style.
6. Enter a Width Factor.
7. Click Apply.
Creating AutoCAD text style
In AutoCAD you can define many different text styles that will set unique fonts, sizes, angles, orientations and
other characteristics. To create a text style:
Method 1:
In AutoCAD, go to Format. Select Text Style. When the Text style dialogue box appears:
1. You can either select Standard style or create a new style.
2. Enter the name for your new style.
3. Select a Font Name and Style from the drop down menu.
4. Check the Annotative box if you want annotation text.
5. Enter the Text Height for your style. This is the size of the text that will be displayed each time you apply your
style.
6. Enter a Width Factor.
7. Click Apply.
You can edit the style at any time by repeating the steps above.
Method 2:
Select the text style symbol from the format menu or type Style in the command line.
1. You can either select Standard style or create a new style.
2. Enter the name for your new style.
3. Select a Font Name and Style from the drop down menu.
4. Check the Annotative box if you want annotation text.
5. Enter the Text Height for your style. This is the size of the text that will be displayed each time you apply your
style.
6. Enter a Width Factor.
7. Click Apply.
Creating AutoCAD Hatch Patterns
When drawing objects you can use the hatch command to fill areas. It creates block patterns that can represent
materials such as earth, insulations, or grass. You can also create solid fill the same way you create hatch patterns.
Although AutoCAD comes with custom standard patterns, you can also create your own hatch patterns or use the
external pattern library displayed in the hatch Pattern Palette dialogue box.
You can define a simple hatch pattern based on the current linetype. You define the pattern by changing the angle
and spacing of the hatch lines.
1. From the Draw Menu, choose Hatch or type Hatch in the command prompt.
2. At the right of the Boundary Hatch and Gradient fill dialog box, choose Pick Points or Select Objects.
3. Specify an internal point for the hatch area or select the object.
4. Hit the Tab bar or press Enter to go back to the Hatch dialogue box.
5. Select Predefined in the Type box.
6. Select a Pattern From the Pattern box. If you select an ISO pattern, you can specify a pen
width, which determines the lineweight in the pattern.
7. Choose OK.
1. From the Draw Menu, choose Hatch or type Hatch in the command prompt.
2. At the right of the Boundary Hatch and Gradient fill dialog box, choose Pick Points or Select Objects.
3. Specify an internal point for the hatch area or select the object.
4. Hit the Tab bar or press Enter to go back to the Hatch dialogue box.
5. Select User-defined in the Type box.
6. Specify the angle and spacing of the hatch pattern.
7. Select Double to use intersecting lines in the pattern.
8. Choose OK.
Creating AutoCAD Dimension style
When using dimensions we constantly have to modify the standard style from AutoCAD to fit our needs. Creating a
dimension style is one of the answers to this problem. By creating a dimension style we can have different styles
for specific scales, etc.. Plus we can always transfer the style to another drawing or save it as a template for future
use. Not to mention, that also saves you time.
1. Go to Format then select Dimension style or type Dimstyle in the command line.
2. Select New to start from scratch, otherwise select any existing styles on the left to modify. For this tutorial we
will create new styles.can either select Standard style or create a new style.
3. When prompted, specify a name for the new style or create the style based on the existing standard from
AutoCAD by default or any other existing styles. Use the standard one for now.
4. Specify the use for this new style on the pull down list. Use All dimensions for now, and no annotative for now.
5. Click on Continue.
There are many things to change in there. For this tutorial we will go over the most important ones.
6. The tab Lines is divided into two categories: The Dimension lines and the Extensions lines. Under each
section you can change their color and their linetype for the style.
7. Select Suppress Dim line 1 or 2 to hide dimension lines from left to right.
8. Select Suppress Ext line 1 or 2 to hide extension lines from left to right.
9. Under Extension lines category: Change Extend beyond dim lines accordingly.
10. Edit Offset from origin to adjust how far you want the dimension from the object.
11. On Symbols and arrows select what kind of arrow heads you like for first, second dimensions and leader.
12. Specify how big the arrow head should be under Arrow size.
13. Under the Text tab you can select a text style if you have already created one or you can specify a font style.
You can use that in conjunction with our handy scale table list if you are not sure what size to use for your drawing
scale.
17. Under Fit tab select either text or arrows (best fit) for fitting.
18. Use 1 for overall scale dimension.
19. Under Primary units tab, select your format unit from the pull down list.
Those are the most essentials parts of creating the dimension style. You can change the values for the rest of the
categories to fit your needs. It should not be that difficult since as you change the values the screen preview on the
top right changes automatically to confirm your changes.