Reflect:

Like poles repel,

unlike poles
attract
Magnets and electric charges
behave the same way.

Electric charges (or

simply charges), Like charges
either positive or repel, unlike
negative, behave charges attract
like poles.
What makes up
an atom?

How is an atom
different from an
ion?
A T O M
Inside Out
Subatomic
Particles
ATOMS
All matter is made up of atom.

Atoms are electrical in nature.

Atoms carry positive and negative

charges. Proton (+) Electron (-)
Atoms in their most stable
state are neutral.
Neutron (0) does not carry
any charge.
 Some properties of the three main
subatomic particles
Subatomic
Particle Charge Mass, g Location
(symbol)

Outside
Electrons (𝑒 − ) -1 9.109 × 10−28
nucleus

Protons (𝑝+ ) +2 1.672 × 10−24 Nucleus

Neutrons (𝑛0 ) 0 1.672 × 10−24 Nucleus

• Collectively, protons and neutrons are called nucleons.

• Nucleons tightly packed together form the nucleus.
 Subatomic
Particle Charge Mass, g Location
(symbol)

Outside
Electrons (𝑒 − ) -1 9.109 × 10−28
nucleus

Protons (𝑝+ ) +2 1.672 × 10−24 Nucleus

Neutrons (𝑛0 ) 0 1.672 × 10−24 Nucleus

• Which subatomic particle is the lightest?

• Which subatomic particle is the heaviest?
• Which have the same mass?
• How does the mass of neutron compare with the mass of
proton?
• How many electrons are equivalent to protons in terms of
mass?
• Which subatomic particle/s make/s up the mass of the atom?
Models
of Atom
ADD YOUR TITLE HERE

Greeks: atom has no His model is called: PLUM

parts PUDDING MODEL

19th Century: J.J Thomson

discovered electrons. His model is tested further
for validity.
ALPHA PARTICLE SCATTERING
EXPERIMENT
Ernest Rutherford,
Johannes “Hans” Wilhelm
Geiger and Ernest
Marsder

Used alpha particles (+)

are bombarded to a thin
sheet of gold foil to test
Thomson’s model.
OBSERVATIONS

Most alpha particles were

undeflected.
Some are deflected at
smaller angles
Few alpha particles
deflected almost back
towards the source.
He proposed then the
nuclear model of atom.
 Planetary Model:
Electrons were thought to
The nuclear model by move in orbits around the
Rutherford is still the nucleus
picture of atom that
we hold today. Electrons do not collapse
into the positively charged.

Where in the vast There is attraction

space are the between nucleus and
electrons? electron
Are they moving? Electronic Structure model
of electron is what we use
How do they move?
to understand electrons.
What’s in a
Number?
What numbers do these
represent?

MASS NUMBER? ATOMIC NUMBER?

PROTONS, NEUTRONS, ELECTRONS?

 Atomic Mass number: Neutral atom:
Number protons + neutrons proton = electron
= # protons
• Atomic mass:
Average of mass numbers of naturally occurring isotopes
• Isotopes:
Atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
• Ion:
Proton ≠ electron, when electrons are lost or gained by an atom.
SHORTHAND NOTATION
INFORMATION
Complete the table
Activity – p. 205
C U T E
THANK YOU
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