Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Amit Goyal
Department of Physics
Panjab University
Chandigarh
Solitons : An Introduction – p. 1/2
Contents
Introduction
History
Applications
What is a wave?
What is a wave?
What is a wave?
∂2u 2 ∂ 2u
2
− c 2
= 0.
∂t ∂x
The general form of solution
ut + cux = 0.
u(x, t) = Aei(kx−ωt) .
Dispersion relation ω = ck
ω
Phase velocity vp = k =c
ut + ux + uxxx = 0.
ω 2
Phase velocity vp = k
= 1 − k
dω 2
Group velocity vg = dk
= 1 − 3k
Hence, vp > vg
It means waves collide themselves and disperse.
ut + ux − uxx = 0.
u(x, t) = Aei(kx−ωt) .
ω = k − ik 2 .
i(kx−kt−ik2 t)
u(x, t) = Ae
−k2 t k(x−t)
= Ae e
ut + ux + uux = 0.
u(x, t) = f (x − (1 + u)t)
"I was observing the motion of a boat which was rapidly drawn along a
narrow channel by a pair of horses, when the boat suddenly stopped - not so
the mass of water in the channel which it had put in motion; it accumulated
round the prow of the vessel in a state of violent agitation, then suddenly
leaving it behind,rolled forward with great velocity, assuming the form of a
large solitary elevation, a rounded, smooth and well-defined heap of water,
which continued its course along the channel apparently without change of
form or diminution of speed..."
c2 = g(h + a)
is stable against mutual collisions with other solitons and retains its
identity.
Solitary waves are very useful to study the fluid dynamical prob-
lems and in plasma studies.