COnnacht

Connacht
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This article is about the traditional Irish province. For other uses, see Connacht
(disambiguation).
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Connacht
Connachta
Connaught
Flag of Connacht
Flag Coat of arms of Connacht
Coat of arms
Location of Connacht
Coordinates: 53.78�N 9.05�WCoordinates: 53.78�N 9.05�W
State Ireland
Counties Galway
Leitrim
Mayo
Roscommon
Sligo
Government
� Teachta� D�la 6 Independent TDs
5 Fine Gael TDs
4 Fianna F�il TDs
4 Sinn F�in TDs
� MEPs[a] 2 Fine Gael MEPs
1 Sinn F�in MEP
1 Independent MEP
Area
� Total 17,788 km2 (6,867 sq mi)
Population (2016)[1]
� Total 550,742
Time zone UTC�0 (WET)
� Summer (DST) UTC+1 (IST)
Eircode routing keys
Beginning with F, H, N (primarily)
Telephone area codes 07x, 09x (primarily)
ISO 3166 code IE-C
Patron Saint: Ciar�n of Clonmacnoise[2] a. ^ Connacht is part of the
Midlands�North-West constituency; the five Connacht counties contain 36.2% of the
population of this constituency.[3]
Connacht (/'k?n??t, 'k?n?(x)t/ KON-awt, KON-?(kh)t;[4][5][6] Irish: Connachta ['k?
n???xt???] or C�ige Chonnacht [?ku??? 'x?n???xt??]), formerly spelled Connaught, is
one of the provinces of Ireland, in the west of Ireland. Up to the 9th century it
consisted of several independent major kingdoms (L�ighne, U� Maine, and Iarthar
Connacht).
Between the reigns of Conchobar mac Taidg M�r (died 882) and his descendant, Aedh
mac Ruaidri � Conchobair (reigned 1228�33), it became a kingdom under the rule of
the U� Bri�in A� dynasty, whose ruling sept adopted the surname Ua Conchobair. At
its greatest extent, it incorporated the often independent Kingdom of Breifne, as
well as vassalage from the lordships of western Mide and west Leinster. Two of its
greatest kings, Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088�1156) and his son Ruaidri Ua
Conchobair (c.1115�1198) greatly expanded the kingdom's dominance, so much so that
both became Kings of Ireland.
The Kingdom of Connacht collapsed in the 1230s because of civil war within the
royal dynasty, which enabled widespread Anglo-Irish settlement under Richard M�r de
Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught, and his successors. The English colony in Connacht
shrank from c. 1300 to c. 1360, with events such as the 1307 battle of Ahascragh
(see Donnchad Muimnech � Cellaigh), the 1316 Second Battle of Athenry and the
murder in June 1333 of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, all leading to
Gaelic resurgence and colonial withdrawal to towns such as Ballinrobe, Loughrea,
Athenry, and Galway. Well into the 16th century kingdoms such as U� Maine and T�r
Fh�acrach M�aidhe remained beyond English rule, while many Anglo-Irish families
such as de Burgh, de Bermingham, de Exeter, de Staunton, became entirely
Gaelicised. Only in the late 1500s, during the Tudor conquest of Ireland, was
Connacht shired into its present counties.
The province of Connacht has the highest number of Irish language speakers among
the four Irish provinces. Currently, the total percentage of people who consider
themselves as Irish speakers in Connacht is 39.8% (more than 202,000 persons).[7]
There are Gaeltacht areas in Counties Galway and Mayo.
The province of Connacht has no official function for local government purposes,
but it is an officially recognised subdivision of the Irish state. It is listed on
ISO-3166-2 as one of the four provinces of Ireland and "IE-C" is attributed to
Connacht as its country sub-division code. Along with counties from other
provinces, Connacht lies in the Midlands�North-West constituency for elections to
the European Parliament.
Contents
1 Name
2 Geography and political divisions
2.1 Physical geography
2.2 Largest settlements (2016)[18]
3 History
3.1 Early history
3.2 Kingdom of Connacht
3.3 Kings and High Kings
3.4 High medieval era
3.5 Confederate and Williamite Wars
3.6 Early modern era
3.7 The Famine to World War One
3.8 In the Annals of Ulster
3.9 References to the Arts c. 1100 to 1700
4 Politics
5 Irish language
6 Sport
6.1 Gaelic games
6.2 Rugby union
6.3 Other sports
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Name
The name comes from the medieval ruling dynasty, the Connacht, later Connachta,
whose name means "descendants of Conn", from the mythical king Conn of the Hundred
Battles. Originally Connacht was a singular collective noun, but it came to be used
only in the plural Connachta, partly by analogy with plural names of other dynastic
territories like Ulaid and Laigin, and partly because the Connachta split into
different branches.[8] Before the Connachta dynasty, the province (c�ige, "fifth")
was known as C�iced Ol nEchmacht. In Modern Irish, the province is usually called
C�ige Chonnacht, "the Province of Connacht", where Chonnacht is plural genitive
case with lenition of the C to Ch.
The usual English spelling in Ireland since the Gaelic revival is Connacht, the
spelling of the disused Irish singular. The official English spelling during
English and British rule was the anglicisation Connaught, pronounced /k?n??t/ or
/k?n?t/.[9] This was used for the Connaught Rangers in the British Army; in the
title of Queen Victoria's son Arthur, Duke of Connaught; and the Connaught Hotel,
London, named after the Duke in 1917. Usage of the Connaught spelling is now in
decline. State bodies use Connacht, for example in Central Statistics Office census
reports since 1926,[10] and the name of the Connacht�Ulster European Parliament
constituency of 1979�2004,[11][12][13] although Connaught occurs in some statutes.
[14][15] Among newspapers, the Connaught Telegraph (founded 1830) retains the
anglicised spelling in its name, whereas the Connacht Tribune (founded 1909) uses
the Gaelic. Connacht Rugby who represent the region and are based in Galway, use
the Gaelic spelling also.[16]
Geography and political divisions

The province is divided into five counties: Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and
Sligo. Connacht is the smallest of the four Irish provinces, with a population of
550,742. Galway is the only official city in the province.[17]
County Population Area

County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe) 258,552 6,149 square kilometres (2,374 sq
mi)
County Leitrim (Contae Liatroma) 31,972 1,590 square kilometres (610 sq mi)
County Mayo* (Contae Mhaigh Eo) 130,425 5,586 square kilometres (2,157 sq
mi)
County Roscommon* (Contae Ros Com�in) 64,436 2,548 square kilometres (984
sq mi)
County Sligo (Contae Shligigh) 65,357 1,838 square kilometres (710 sq mi)
Grand Total 550,742 17,788 square kilometres (6,868 sq mi)
Physical geography
Glencar Waterfall at Glencar Lough, County Leitrim

The highest point of Connacht is Mweelrea (814 m), in County Mayo. The largest
island in Connacht (and Ireland) is Achill. The biggest lake is Lough Corrib.
Much of the west coast (e.g. Connemara and Erris) is ruggedly inhospitable and not
conducive for agriculture. It contains the main mountainous areas in Connacht,
including the Twelve Bens, Maumturks, Mweelrea, Croagh Patrick, Nephin Beg, Ox
Mountains, and Dartry Mountains.
Killary Harbour, one of Ireland's fjords (the others being Carlingford Lough and
Lough Swilly), is located at the foot of Mweelrea. Connemara National Park is in
County Galway. The Aran Islands, featuring prehistoric forts such as D�n Aonghasa,
have been a regular tourist destination since the 19th century.
Inland areas such as east Galway, Roscommon and Sligo have enjoyed greater
historical population density due to better agricultural land and infrastructure.
Rivers and lakes include the River Moy, River Corrib, the Shannon, Lough Mask,
Lough Melvin, Lough Allen and Lough Gill.
The largest urban area in Connacht is Galway, with a population of 79,934. Other
large towns in Connacht are Sligo (19,199), Castlebar (12,068) and Ballina
(10,171).[18]
Largest settlements (2016)[18]

# Settlement County Population
1 Galway County Galway 79,934
2 Sligo County Sligo 19,199
3 Castlebar County Mayo 12,068
4 Ballina County Mayo 10,171
5 Tuam County Galway 8,767
6 Ballinasloe County Galway 6,662
7 Roscommon County Roscommon 5,876
8 Westport County Mayo 6,198
9 Loughrea County Galway 5,556
10 Oranmore County Galway 4,990
11 Monksland County Roscommon 4,978
12 Carrick-on-Shannon County Leitrim 4,062
13 Claremorris County Mayo 3,687
14 Athenry County Galway 4,445
History
Early history
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citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Connacht" � news � newspapers � books � scholar � JSTOR (February
Listoghil Complex, Carrowmore, County Sligo, with a small satellite tomb, tomb 52,
in the foreground
Up to the early historic era, Connacht then included County Clare, and was known as
C�iced Ol nEchmacht. Later myths state the Fir Bolg ruled all Ireland before the
Tuatha D� Danann arrived. When the Fir Bolg were defeated, the Tuatha D� Danann
drove them to Connacht.
Sites such as the C�ide Fields, Knocknarea, Listoghil, Carrowkeel Megalithic

Cemetery and Rathcroghan, all demonstrate intensive occupation of Connacht far back
into prehistory.
Enigmatic artefacts such as the Turoe stone and the Castlestrange stone, whatever
their purpose, denote the ambition and achievement of those societies, and their
contact with the La T�ne culture of mainland Europe.
In the early historic era (c. A.D. 300 � c. A.D. 600), Ol nEchmacht was not a
united kingdom but a region. It comprised dozens of major and minor t�ath; rulers
of larger t�atha (Maigh Se�la, U� Maine, Aidhne and M�enmaige) were accorded high-
king status, while peoples such as the Gailenga, Corco Moga and Senchineoil were
lesser peoples given the status of D�isi. All were termed kingdoms, but according
to a graded status, denoting each according the likes of lord, count, earl, king.
Early peoples and kingdoms of Ireland, c.800.

Some of the more notable peoples or ethnic groups included the following:
Conmaicne � west coast, and northern areas of, County Galway

Dartraige � north-west County Leitrim
Delbhna � south County Roscommon, and both sides of the Lough Corrib
Fir Craibe � County Clare (then part of Connacht) and south-west Galway
Fir Domnann � west coast of Mayo
Soghain � most of east-central County Galway
By the 5th century, the pre-historic nations such as the Auteini and Nagnatae �
recorded by Ptolemy (c. AD 90 � c. 168) in Geography � gave way to dynasties. This
is demonstrated in the noun moccu in names such as Muirchu moccu Machtheni, which
indicated a person was of the Machtheni people. As evidenced by kings such as Mac
Cairthinn mac Coelboth (died 446) and Ailill Molt (died c. 482), even by the 5th
century the gens was giving way to kinship all over Ireland, as both men were
identified as of the U� Enechglaiss and U� Fiachrach dynasties, not of tribes. By
700, moccu had been entirely replaced by mac and hua (later Mac and �).
During the mid-8th century, what is now County Clare was absorbed into Thomond by
the D�isi Tuisceart. It has remained a part of the province of Munster ever since.
The name Connacht arose from the most successful of these early dynasties, The
Connachta. By 1050, they had extended their rule from Rathcroghan in north County
Roscommon to large areas of what are now County Galway, County Mayo, County Sligo,
County Leitrim. The dynastic term was from then on applied to the overall
geographic area containing those counties, and has remained so ever since.
One of hundreds of small initials from the Book of Kells, in a script known as
"insular majuscule," a variety of uncial script that originated in early medieval
Ireland.
See also:
Cath Maige Mucrama � epic concerning a battle that took place between Athenry and
Clarenbridge
Goidelic substrate hypothesis � concerning pre-Gaelic languages of Ireland
Esker Riada � used as one of the principal prehistoric Irish roadways, the Sli Mor,
Hibernia � Ireland in Greek and Roman accounts
Insular art � post-Roman native art of Ireland and Great Britain
Medb � legendary Queen of Connacht
T�in B� C�ailnge � Irish epic, partly set in Connacht
T�in B� Flidhais � Irish epic, set in Erris
Tr�cha c�t � Gaelic territorial unit
T�ath � Gaelic social/political division
Kingdom of Connacht
Ireland's main kingdoms as of 1014. Clockwise from the north-east they are Ulaid,
Airg�alla, Mide, Laigin, Munster, Connaught, Breifne and Aileach. The city-states
of Dyflin, Weisforthe, Vedrafjord, Corcach and Luimneach are shown. Missing are
kingdoms of Osraighe and U� Maine.
The most successful sept of the Connachta were the � Conchobair of S�ol
Muireadaigh. They derived their surname from Conchobar mac Taidg M�r (c. 800 �
882), from whom all subsequent � Conchobair Kings of Connacht descended.[citation
needed]
Conchobar was a nominal vassal of M�el Sechnaill mac M�ele Ruanaid, High King of
Ireland (died 862). He married M�el Sechnaill's daughter, Ailbe, and had sons �ed
mac Conchobair (died 888), Tadg mac Conchobair (died 900) and Cathal mac Conchobair
(died 925), all of whom subsequently reigned. Conchobar and his sons' descendants
expanded the power of the S�ol Muiredhaigh south into U� Maine, west into Iar
Connacht, and north into U� Fiachrach Muaidhe and Br�ifne.[citation needed]
By the reign of �ed in Gai Bernaig (1046�1067), Connacht's kings ruled much what is
now the province. Yet the � Conchobair's contended for control with their cousins,
the Ua Ruairc of U� Bri�in Br�ifne. Four Ua Ruairc's achieved rule of the kingdom �
Fergal Ua Ruairc (956�967), Art Uallach Ua Ruairc (1030�1046), �ed Ua Ruairc
(1067�1087), and Domnall Ua Ruairc (1098�1102). In addition, the usurper
Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh gained the kingship in 1092 by the expedient of
blinding King Ruaidr� na Saide Buide. After 1102 the Ua Ruairc's and Ua
Flaithbertaigh's were suborned and confined to their own kingdoms of Br�ifne and
Iar Connacht. From then till the death of the last king in 1474, the kingship was
held exclusively by the � Conchobair's.[citation needed]
The single most substantial sub-kingdom in Connacht was U� Maine, which at it

maximum extant enclosed central and south County Roscommon, central, east-central
and south County Galway, along with the territory of Lusmagh in Munster. Their
rulers bore the family name � Ceallaigh;[19][20] its spelling sometimes varying
slightly from scribe to scribe.
Though the � Ceallaigh's were never elevated to the provincial kingship, U� Maine
existed as a semi-independent kingdom both before and after the demise of the
Connacht kingship. Notable rulers of U� Maine included[citation needed]
M�ine M�r (c. 357? � 407?)

Marc�n mac Tomm�in (died 653)
Tadhg M�r Ua Cellaigh (reigned 985�1014)
Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Cellaigh (r. 1145�1180)
Tadhg � Cellaigh (died 1316)
William Buidhe � Cellaigh (c. 1349 � c. 1381)
Maelsechlainn mac Tadhg � Cellaigh (reigned c. 1499 � 1511)
Kings and High Kings
Stone carving of Ruaidr� Ua Conchobair from Cong Abbey

Under kings Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088�1156) and his son Ruaidr� Ua
Conchobair (c. 1120 � 1198) Connacht became one of the five dominant kingdoms on
the island. Tairrdelbach and Ruaidr� became the first men from west of the Shannon
to gain the title Ard-R� na h�ireann (High King of Ireland). In the latter's case,
he was recognised all over the island in 1166 as R� �ireann, or King of Ireland.
Tairrdelbach was highly innovative, building the first stone castles in Ireland,
and more controversially, introducing the policy of primogeniture to a hostile
Gaelic polity. Castles were built in the 1120s at Galway (where he based his
fleet), Dunmore, Sligo and Ballinasloe, where he dug a new six-mile canal to divert
the river Suck around the castle of Dun L�. Churches, monasteries and dioceses were
re-founded or created, works such as the Corpus Missal, the High Cross of Tuam and
the Cross of Cong were sponsored by him.
Tairrdelbach annexed the Kingdom of Mide; its rulers, the Clann Cholm�in, became
his vassals. This brought two of Ireland's five main kingdoms under the direct
control of Connacht. He also asserted control over Dublin, which was even then
being recognised as a kind of national capital.
His son, Ruaidr�, became king of Connacht "without any opposition" in 1156. One of
his first acts as king was arresting three of his twenty-two brothers, "Brian
Breifneach, Brian Luighneach, and Muircheartach Muimhneach" to prevent them from
usurping him. He blinded Brian Breifneach as an extra precaution.
Ruaidr� was compelled to recognise Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn as Ard-R�, though he

went to war with him in 1159. Mac Lochlainn's murder in 1166 left Ruaidr� the
unopposed ruler of all Ireland. He was crowned in 1166 at Dublin, "took the
kingship of Ireland ...[and was] inaugurated king as honourably as any king of the
Gaeidhil was ever inaugurated;" He was the first and last native ruler who was
recognised by the Gaelic-Irish as full King of Ireland.
However, his expulsion of Dermot MacMurrough later that year brought about the
Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. Ruaidr�'s inept response to events led to
rebellion by his sons in 1177, and his deposition by Conchobar Maenmaige Ua
Conchobair in 1183. Ruaidr� died at Cong in 1198, noted as the annals as late "King
of Connacht and of All Ireland, both the Irish and the English."
High medieval era
Connacht was first raided by the Anglo-Normans in 1177 but not until 1237 did
encastellation begin under Richard Mor de Burgh (c. 1194 � 1242). New towns were
founded (Athenry, Headford, Castlebar) or former settlements expanded (Sligo,
Roscommon, Loughrea, Ballymote). Both Gael and Gall acknowledged the supreme
lordship of the Earl of Ulster; after the murder of the last earl in 1333, the
Anglo-Irish split into different factions, the most powerful emerging as Bourke of
Mac William Eighter in north Connacht, and Burke of Clanricarde in the south. They
were regularly in and out of alliance with equally powerful Gaelic lords and kings
such as � Conchobair of S�ol Muireadaigh, � Cellaigh of U� Maine and Mac Diarmata
of Moylurg, in addition to extraprovincial powers such as � Briain of Thomond,
FitzGerald of Kildare, � Domhnaill of T�r Chonaill.
Lesser lords of both ethnicities included Mac Donnchadha, Mac Goisdelbh, Mac
Bhaldrin, Mac Siurtain, � hEaghra, � Flaithbeheraigh, � Dubhda, � Seachnasaigh, �
Manach�in, Seoighe, � M�ille, � Ruairc, � Madadh�in, Bair�ad, � M�el Ruanaid, �
hEidhin, � Finnaghtaigh, � Fallmhain, Breathneach, Mac Airechtaig, � Neachtain, �
hAllmhur�in, � Fathaigh.
Galway map of c. 1651 displaying the medieval town, which now forms the modern city
centre
The town of Galway was the only significant urban area in the province. Its
inhabitants governed themselves under charter of the king of England. Its merchant
families, The Tribes of Galway, traded not only with the lordships around them and
in Ireland, but with England, France, and Spain. Its mayor enjoyed supreme power
but only for the length of his office, rarely more than a year. Galway's
inhabitants were of mixed descent, its families bearing surnames of Gaelic, French,
English, Welsh, Norman and other origins.
Connacht was the site of two of the bloodiest battles in Irish history, the Second
Battle of Athenry (1316) and the Battle of Knockdoe (1504). The casualties of both
battles were measured in several thousand, unusually high for Irish warfare. A
third battle at Aughrim in 1691 resulted in an estimated 10,000 deaths.
All of Connacht's lordships remained in states of full or semi-independence from

other Gaelic-Irish and Anglo-Irish rulers till the late 16th century, when the
Tudor conquest of Ireland (1534�1603) brought all under the direct rule of King
James I of England. The counties were created from c. 1569 onwards.
Confederate and Williamite Wars
During the 17th century representatives from Connacht played leading roles in
Confederate Ireland and during the Williamite War in Ireland. Its main town,
Galway, endured several sieges (see Sieges of Galway), while warfare, plague,
famine and sectarian massacres killed about a third of the population by 1655. One
of the last battles fought in pre-20th century Ireland occurred in Connacht, the
Battle of Aughrim on 12 July 1691.
Early modern era
Connacht was mainly at peace between 1691 and 1798. A population explosion in the
early 18th century was curbed by the Irish Famine, which led to many deaths and
some emigration. Its memory has been overshadowed by the Great Famine (Ireland) one
hundred years later.
Learned people from the province in this era included the following:
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, Gaelic scribe, translator, historian and genealogist

(fl. 1640�1671).
Richard Lynch, theologian (1611�1676)
Ruaidhr� � Flaithbheartaigh, chronology and antiquarian (1629 � c.1718)
Francis Martin, Professor of Greek and theologian (1652�1722)
John Fergus, member of � Neacht�in literary circle (c. 1700 � c. 1761)
Tom�s � Caiside, soldier and poet (c. 1709 � 1733?)
Charles O'Conor (historian) (1710�1791)
Patrick d'Arcy, mathematician and soldier (1725�1779)
Richard Kirwan, scientist (1733�1812)
Riocard Bair�ad, poet (1740�1819)
William James MacNeven, physician and scientist (1763�1841)
William Higgins, chemist (1763�1825)
Antoine � Raifteiri bard (1784�1835)
James Hardiman, folklorist and historian (1792�1855)
Joseph Patrick Haverty, painter (1794�1864)
James Curley, astronomer and mathematician (1796�1880)
Colm de Bhail�s, songwriter (1796�1906)
William Cunningham Blest, medical pioneer (1800�1884)
John Birmingham, Astronomer and geologist (1816�1884)
William Larminie, poet and folklorist (1849�1900)
Augusta, Lady Gregory, dramatist and arts patron (1852�1932)
George Moore (novelist) (1852�1933)
Louis Brennan, inventor (1852�1932)
Percy French, songwriter, (1854�1920)
William Butler Yeats, poet (1865�1939)
Violet Florence Martin, novelist and short story writer (1862�1915)
Grace Rhys, writer (1865�1929)
Eva Gore-Booth, dramatist (1870�1926)
Margaret Burke Sheridan, Opera singer (1889�1958)
The Famine to World War One
Connacht was the worst hit area in Ireland during the Great Famine, in particular,
counties Mayo and Roscommon. In the Census of 1841, the population of Connacht
stood at 1,418,859, highest ever recorded. By 1851, the population had fallen to
1,010,031 and would continue to decline until the late 20th century.[21]
In the Annals of Ulster

Main article: Annals of Ulster
Historical references to Connacht are generally accepted from the early 6th century
onwards, commencing with the battle of Claenloch between the U� Fiachrach Aidhne
and the U� Maine. It is thought that Claenloch is what is now called Coole Lough,
four miles north of Gort, in County Galway.
References to the Arts c. 1100 to 1700
Literary and historical works were produced in Connacht during these centuries
included the Book of Ballymote (c. 1391), the Great Book of Lecan (between 1397 and
1418), An Leabhar Breac (c. 1411), Egerton 1782 (early 16th century), and The Book
of the Burkes (c. 1580). Writers and learned people of the times included:
Signature page from the Annals of the Four Masters, Peregrine � Duibhgeannain's
signature is last in the list
Aindileas Ua Chl�mh�in, poet, died 1170
Muireadhach Albanach, Crusader, fl. 1213�1228
Flann �ge � Domhnall�in, ollamh of Connacht, died 1342
Aed mac Conchbair Mac Aodhag�in, bard, 1330�1359
Se�n M�r � Dubhag�in, historian, died 1372
Murchadh � Cuindlis, scribe, fl. 1398�1411
Giolla �osa M�r Mac Fhirbhisigh, historian, fl. 1390�1418
Tadhg Dall � hUiginn, poet, murdered 1591
Baothghalach M�r Mac Aodhag�in, poet, 1550�1600
Nehemiah Donnellan Archbishop of Tuam, translated New Testament into Irish, died
1609
Flaithri � Maolconaire, theologian, 1560�18 November 1629
Peregrine � Duibhgeannain, scribe of the Annals of the Four Masters, fl. 1627�1636
Patrick D'Arcy, author of the constitution of Confederate Ireland, 1598�1668
Mary Bonaventure Browne, religious writer and historian, born after 1610
Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, compiler of Leabhar na nGenealach, fl. 1643�1671
Daibhidh � Duibhgheann�in, scribe, compiler, poet, died 1696
Thomas Connellan, composer, c. 1640/1645�1698
Politics
Connacht�Ulster was one of Ireland's four regional constituencies for elections to
the European Parliament until it was superseded in 2004 by the constituency of
North-West.[22]
Irish language
Further information: Connacht Irish and History of the Irish language
The Irish language is spoken in the Gaeltacht areas of Counties Mayo and Galway,
the largest being in the west of County Galway. The Galway Gaeltacht is the largest
Irish-speaking region in Ireland covering Cois Fharraige, parts of Connemara,
Conamara Theas, Aran Islands, D�ithche Sheoigeach and Galway City Gaeltacht. Irish-
speaking areas in County Mayo can be found in Iorras, Acaill and Tourmakeady.
According to the 2016 census Irish is spoken outside of the education system on a
daily basis by 9,455 people in the Galway County Gaeltacht areas.[23]
There are 202,667 Irish speakers in the province, over 84,000 in Galway and more
than 55,000 in Mayo.[24] There is also the 4,265 attending the 18 Gaelscoileanna
(Irish language primary schools) and three Gaelchol�iste (Irish language secondary
schools) outside the Gaeltacht across the province.[citation needed] Between 7% and
10% of the province are either native Irish speakers from the Gaeltacht, in Irish
medium education or native Irish speakers who no longer live in Gaeltacht areas but
still live in the province.[citation needed]
Sport
Gaelic games
Gaelic football and hurling dominate sport in Connacht with 212 Gaelic Athletic
Association affiliated clubs in the province.[25]
Gaelic football is played throughout the province with the five counties annually
competing in the Connacht Senior Football Championship to determine the provincial
champion.Galway are the most successful side in Connacht with 48 Connacht titles
and 9 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Mayo have been the dominant force
in the province in recent years winning a five-in-a-row of Connacht titles from
2011 to 2015, and have regularly reached the semi-finals and finals of the All-
Ireland Senior Football Championship.[26] No football team from Connacht has won
the All-Ireland since Galway in 2001.
Hurling in Connacht mostly played in County Galway. Galway is the only team in the
province to compete in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winning the Liam
MacCarthy Cup five times. The Galway hurling team compete in the Leinster Senior
Hurling Championship due to the lack of competition in the province.[27]
Rugby union
Connacht is represented by Connacht Rugby in the Pro14 and the Rugby Champions Cup.
Connacht home games are played in the Galway Sportsgrounds in Galway. During the
2015/2016 Season of the Pro12, Connacht, for the first time, reached the play off
stages of the competition and won the final in Edinburgh against rivals Leinster.
It was their first ever Pro12 title.
Connacht-based teams who have played in the All-Ireland League include Buccaneers
RFC, Galway Corinthians RFC, Galwegians RFC and Sligo RFC.
Other sports
Some other sports are overseen by provincial bodies, including in association
football, where the Connacht Football Association is the governing body for a
number of Connacht league and cup competitions. Traditionally there have been two
main senior men's teams from the province that compete on a national level, Galway
United F.C. and Sligo Rovers F.C. Both clubs have won various domestic honours.
Cricket is a minor, but growing, sport within the province. The Connacht Cricket
Union, founded in 2010, is the governing body for cricket in the province.[28]
There are cricket clubs based in Ballaghaderreen, Ballyhaunis, Galway, and Sligo.
Connacht does not currently enter a team into the provincial competitions.
See also
Galway city
Connacht Senior Football Championship
Grace O'Malley
Kings of Umaill
Kings of U� Fiachrach Muaidhe
Kings of U� Maine
Kings of Luighne Connacht
Kings of Sliabh Lugha
Corca Fhir Tr�
List of Cities and Towns in Connacht by population
Coin of Connaught
The Connaught Rangers
Duke of Connaught
Kings of Connacht
Lords of Connaught
References
"Population by province". Central Statistics Office. 2016.
Challoner, Richard. A Memorial of Ancient British Piety: or, a British
Martyrology, p. 127. W. Needham, 1761. Accessed 14 March 2013.
Census of Ireland 2016: 550,742 out of 1,521,592 total.
"Connacht" (US) and "Connacht". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press.
Retrieved 11 January 2019.
"Connacht". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
"Connacht". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.).
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
"Percentage of Irish Speakers and Non-Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2011 to
2016 by Sex, County and City, Statistical Indicator and Census Year". Central
Statistics Office. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
O'Rahilly, T. F. (1942). "Notes, Mainly Etymological". �riu. Royal Irish Academy.
13: 157. JSTOR 30006811.
Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Pearson Longman. s.v.
Connacht, Connaught. ISBN 9781405881173.
"Population of Saorst�t �ireann and of each Province at each Census since 1881 and
the Numbers of Marriages, Births and Deaths Registered in each Intercensal Period
since 1871" (PDF). Census 1926 Volume 1 � Population, Area and Valuation of each
DED and each larger Unit of Area. CSO. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"European Assembly Elections Act, 1977, Schedule 2". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved
15 June 2014.
"European Parliament Elections Act, 1993, Section 9". Irish Statute Book.
Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"European Parliament Elections Act, 1997, Schedule 3". Irish Statute Book.
Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"S.I. No. 91/2014 � Statistics (Carriage of Passengers, Freight and Mail by Air)
Order 2013". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"S.I. No. 200/1987 � Garda S�och�na (Associations) (Superintendents and Chief
Superintendents) Regulations, 1987". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Connacht Rugby Website". www.connachtrugby.ie. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
"Table B - Population of administrative counties, 2011 and 2016". Central
Statistics Office. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
"Population and Birthplace 2016 by Alphabetical List of Towns, CensusYear and
Statistic". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100015/text002.html
http://www.libraryireland.com/names/oc/o-ceallaigh.php
"1861 Census: Decline of the Population in Ireland (Famine, Disease and
Emigration)". www.libraryireland.com. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
"Government parties hope to woo electorate during six months". The Irish Times. 5
January 2004. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
"Census of Population 2016 � Profile 10 Education, Skills and the Irish Language.
Irish Language and the Gaeltacht. The Gaeltacht". Central Statistics Office.
Retrieved 6 November 2018.
"Percentage of Irish Speakers and Non-Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2011 to
2016 by Sex, County and City, Statistical Indicator and Census Year". Central
Statistics Office. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
http://www.joe.ie/sport/infographic-the-number-of-gaa-clubs-in-every-county-in-
ireland-and-every-continent-around-the-world/420318
Rooney, Declan (20 July 2015). "Mayo Crush Sligo for Connacht Five-in-a-Row."
RT�.ie. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
http://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/gaa/hurling/galway-moved-leinster-championship-
more-2029995
"Cricket Ireland expands into the west". The Irish Times. 8 November 2010.
Retrieved 26 October 2018.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Connacht.
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article
Connaught.
Census 2011 � Galway Gaeltacht stats
Census 2011 � Mayo Gaeltacht stats
Gaeltacht Comprehensive Language Study 2007
Gaelscoil stats
vte
Counties of Ireland
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Connacht
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Kingdom of Connacht
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
GND: 4755231-1MusicBrainz: 99c3f001-64d3-4174-a302-fb14204117afVIAF:
129091956WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 129091956
Categories: ConnachtProvinces of Ireland
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Connacht

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Geography and political divisions

County Population Area

Glencar Waterfall at Glencar Lough, County Leitrim

Largest settlements (2016)[18]

Sites such as the C�ide Fields, Knocknarea, Listoghil, Carrowkeel Megalithic

Early peoples and kingdoms of Ireland, c.800.

Conmaicne � west coast, and northern areas of, County Galway

The single most substantial sub-kingdom in Connacht was U� Maine, which at it

M�ine M�r (c. 357? � 407?)

Stone carving of Ruaidr� Ua Conchobair from Cong Abbey

Ruaidr� was compelled to recognise Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn as Ard-R�, though he

High medieval era

All of Connacht's lordships remained in states of full or semi-independence from

Confederate and Williamite Wars

Early modern era

Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, Gaelic scribe, translator, historian and genealogist

In the Annals of Ulster

References to the Arts c. 1100 to 1700

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