DESIGN OF MAT FOUNDATION

Materials used for design

Concrete - M-20, (Fck = 20 N/mm2)
Steel - Fe-500,(Fy = 500 N/mm2)
i)Check for required area of foundation
Total ultimate load on foundation (TUL) = 40832.39 KN
Taking factor of safety as 1.5
Working load (WL) = TUL/1.5
= 27221.593
Assuming allowable bearing capacity of soil (P a) = 120.000 KN/m2
So,ultimate allowable bearing capacity of soil (Pua) = 180.0 KN/m2
Area required for foundation (Areq) = WL/Pa
= 226.847 m2
Available area for foundation (Av) = = 309.420 m2
= 309.420 m2 > 226.847
Hence area available is sufficient and pile foundation is not required m2

Total vertical column load(Pu) = 40832.39 KN

Eccentricity along X-direction and y- direction is obtained by taking the moment of column loads
about the grid 1-1 and A-A respectively.
ex = 0.038278886 m ey = 0.219579983 m
Moment of inertia
Along X-direction (Ix) = 3386.385 m4
Along Y-direction (Iy) = 18797.27 m4
Moments due to eccentricity
Along X-direction (Mx) = Pu * ey
= 8965.976 KN-m
Along Y-direction (My) = P u
* ex
= 1563.018 KN-m
Actual soil pressure on foundation (Pu/Av)

Pu/Av = 131.964 KN/m2 < 180 KN/m2

Hence,ok.
ii) Determination of soil pressure at different points of foundation
Soil pressure(σ) at different points of foundation is determined as follows

σ = Pu/Av ± My/Iy*x ± Mx/Ix*y

where,
x = distance of the point from CG of foundation in X-direction
y = distance of the point from CG of foundation in Y-direction
σmax = 148.25789 KN/m2 < 180.0 m2 SAFE OK
So, for the design of raft a strip of unit width is considered on both the direction , which is equivalent
to a beam , rather than dividing the raft in stripes , each stripe including a row of columns and
having certain width .
iii) Calculation of design bending moment
The bending moment is calculated by using the co-efficient of 1/10 in short
direction and 1/10 for longer direction and length (L) as the center to
center column distance . W * L2
± My =
That is 10
W * L2 (Table-12,clause 22.5.1,IS:456-2000)
± Mx =
12
Maximum moment due to uniform soil pressure
Maximum moment in X-direction
Mmax,x = 397.1939989 KN/m
Maximum moment in Y-direction
Mmax,y = 626.3895731 KN/m
iv) Calculation of depth of foundation
The depth of raft will be governed by two way shear at one of the heavily loaded columns.
In case location of critical shear is not obvious,it is necessary to check all necessary locations.

For two way shear , the critical section is at peripherial distance of (d/2) from the face of
the column. (clause 31.6.2 and 31.6.3,IS:456-2000)
For two way shear , Shear strength of concrete(τ' c) = Ks*τc
Ks = 0.5+β ≤ 1
β = Short side span/long side span
= 1 for square footing
Therefore, Ks = 1.5 >1
So use Ks = 1
For two way shear , Shear strength(τc) = 0.25*(Fck)0.5
= 1.118 N/mm2
So , τ'c = 1.118 N/mm2
a)For corner column (A-1)
Vu = 1236.25 KN
effective depth 750 mm
side of column 350 500 mm
Length of critical section (bo) = (350+d/2)+(500+d/2)
= 1600
Factored shear stress on section
τv = Vu/bod
Therefore,
τv = 1.03020833333333 N/mm2

OK
D= 800 mm
a)For side column (A-2)
Vu = 2320.72 KN
side of column 350 500 mm
d= 825 mm
Now,
bo = 2700 mm
τv = Vu/bod
= 1.04185 N/mm2 OK
 D= 875 mm

a)For internal column (B-2)

Vu = 2904.08 KN
side of column 350 500 mm
d= 650 mm
Now,
bo = 4300 mm
τv = Vu/bod
= 1.039027 N/mm2 OK
D= 700 mm
Therefore, Adopt D = 875 mm
v) Design of reinforcement
Using bar of 20 mm diameter
Reinforcement in X- direction is given by
Mmax,x = 0.87*Fy*Ast,x(dx-Fy*Ast,x/(Fck*b))
Here,
Mmax,x = 397.194 KN-m
Fy = 500 N/mm2
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Effective depth d = 825 mm
Width of strip b = 1000 mm
Ast,x = Area of steel in X-direction

Substituting the values and solving for Ast,x we get

Ast,x = 1371.809 mm2

minimum reinforcement in slab = 0.12 % of bD

= 1050.000 mm2
Hence ok.
Area of a 16 mm dia. Bar (Ab) = 200.96 mm2

Therefore spacing of bars (S) = 146.493 mm

Hence provide 16 mm bars @ 6" C/C .

Reinforcement in Y- direction is given by

Mmax,y = 0.87*Fy*Ast,y(dy-Fy*Ast,y/(Fck*b))
Here,
Mmax,y = 626.390 KN-m
Ast,y = Area of steel in Y-direction
= 2163.393 mm2
Area of a 20 mm dia. Bar (Ab) = 314 mm2

Therefore spacing of bars (S) = 145.142 mm

Hence provide 20 mm bars @ 6" C/C .

vi) Check for development length of reinforcement (Clause 26.2.1,IS:456-2000)

Development length for 25 mm bars

Ld = σs*Ф/4*τbd
τbd = 1.2 for m20 and is increased by 60% for deformed bar
σs = 0.87 *Fy
= 0.87*500*16/(4*1.6*1.2)
= 906.250 mm
Actual embedment provided from face of the edge column is
= 360 mm

Therefore additional anchorage length to be provide

= 546.250 mm
Hence additional anchorge length of 550 mm is provided by bending the bars at 90 degree at
corner along the depth .
vii) Check for bearing (Clause 34.4,IS:456-2000)
Load transfer from column to footing (base of column)
For internal heaviiy loadedd column(B-2)
Factored axial load (Pu) = 2904.08 KN-m
Area of column (Ac) = 202500 mm2
Nominal Bearing stress in the column concrete
σbr = pu/Ac
= 14.341 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress (σA) = 0.45*(Fck)*(A1/A2)0.5
For sloping at 1:2(H:V) degree (A1) = (450*1000/2)2 = (Dcolumn+dfooting/2)2
= 902500 mm2
A2 = 202500
(A1/A2) 0.5
= 2.111 >2
Adopt (A1/A2)0.5 = 2
So,Allowable bearing stress (σA) = 22.500 N/mm2 > 15.908 N/mm2
Hence.ok.
Plan of raft (m x m)= 27 11.46
c.g.
x= 13.5 m
y= 5.73 m

Area of raft = 309.42 m2

perimeter of raft = 76.92 m

Ixx = 3386.385 m4
iyy= 1.88E+04 m4

Story Point Load FZ arm lengtharm (y) Mx My x' y'

BASE 1 DCON2 1243.05 1.25 10.96 1553.813 13623.83
BASE 2 DCON2 2320.72 5.85 10.96 13576.21 25435.09
BASE 3 DCON2 1911.14 10.75 10.96 20544.76 20946.09
BASE 4 DCON2 1258.65 15.08 10.96 18980.44 13794.8
BASE 5 DCON2 2045.73 20.75 10.96 42448.9 22421.2
BASE 6 DCON2 1236.25 25.75 10.96 31833.44 13549.3
BASE 7 DCON2 2034.29 1.25 4.46 2542.863 9072.933
BASE 8 DCON2 2904.08 5.85 4.46 16988.87 12952.2
BASE 9 DCON2 2688.53 10.75 4.46 28901.7 11990.84
BASE 10 DCON2 1681.69 15.08 4.46 25359.89 7500.337
BASE 11 DCON2 2702.82 20.75 4.46 56083.52 12054.58
BASE 12 DCON2 2145.12 25.75 4.46 55236.84 9567.235
BASE 13 DCON2 993.12 1.25 0 1241.4 0
BASE 14 DCON2 1781.63 5.85 0 10422.54 0
BASE 15 DCON2 1711.42 10.75 0 18397.77 0
BASE 16 DCON2 1855.01 15.08 0 27973.55 0
BASE 17 DCON2 2013.28 20.75 0 41775.56 0
BASE 18 DCON2 1067.82 25.75 0 27496.37 0
BASE 22 DCON2 748.58 15.08 7.05 11288.59 5277.489
BASE 25 DCON2 466.61 0 10.96 0 5114.046
BASE 26 DCON2 254.47 0 4.46 0 1134.936
BASE 27 DCON2 445.88 0 0 0 0
BASE 28 DCON2 446.12 27 0 12045.24 0
BASE 29 DCON2 254.15 27 4.46 6862.05 1133.509
BASE 30 DCON2 446.11 27 10.96 12044.97 4889.366
BASE 31 DCON2 248 27 7.05 6696 1748.4
BASE 32 DCON2 252.88 0 7.05 0 1782.804
BASE 33 DCON2 1245.72 15.08 9.11 18785.46 11348.51
BASE 34 DCON2 1232.04 16.88 9.11 20796.84 11223.88
BASE 35 DCON2 747.74 16.88 7.05 12621.85 5271.567
BASE 36 DCON2 236.86 15.48 7.05 3666.593 1669.863
BASE 37 DCON2 212.88 16.48 7.05 3508.262 1500.804
total support reaction = 40832.39 549674.2 225003.6
 Centre of stiffness
x= 13.46172 m
y= 5.51042 m

therefore,
Eccentricity ex = 0.038279 m
Eccentricity ey = 0.21958 m