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A. INTRAVENOUS FLUID
The administration of fluid directly through the vein is the most common means by which
water, electrolytes, nutrients and some drugs may be given when oral intake is not possible or
must be supplemented. Intravenous Fluid is also used as a route for parenteral medication.
Compared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver
fluids and medications throughout the body.
Purpose: This is given to the patient as a means of supportive therapy for his condition and as a
passageway of administration of parenteral medication. It is also to convert further imbalance of
fluids and electrolytes.
Classification: Hypertonic
Mechanism of action:
Hypertonic solutions are have an effective osmolarity greater than the body fluids. It pulls
the fluid into the vascular by osmosis resulting in an increase vascular volume. It raises
intravascular osmotic pressure and provides fluid, electrolytes and calories for energy..
Desired effect:
It is useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition, and for rehydration.
Mechanism of action:
Provides water and electrolytes for maintenance of daily fluid and electrolyte requirements,
plus minimal carbohydrate calories.
Desired effect:
D5NM is indicated for parenteral maintenance of routine daily fluid and electrolyte
requirements with minimal carbohydrate calories from dextrose.
Classification: Isotonic
Mechanism of action:
The isotonic solution allows the cells to move water and nutrients in and out of the cells.
This is necessary for blood cells to perform their function of delivering oxygen and other
nutrients
to other parts of the body.
Desired effect:
It is useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition, and for rehydration.
Nursing Responsibilities:
1. Verify doctor’s order on the IV Fluid to be infused (type of solution, amount, regulation)
to ensure efficiency and accuracy and to avoid error.
2. Observe aseptic technique before, during and after infusion. and always swab the y port
with alcohol before giving medications to prevent infection or cross contamination.
3. Check and regulate the rate of infusion to prevent embolism.
4. Explain the procedure to the patient to gain trust and cooperation.
5. Label the IV bag clearly, indicating the date and time when change include also the
regulation.
6. Monitor for signs of infection such as redness and swelling to prevent further
complications.
B. OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
- 3 L/min via Nasal Cannula
Nursing Responsibilities:
C. DIET
A low-sodium diet is important to follow in order to control heart failure symptoms and
prevent future heart problems. Limiting sodium and fluid intake will help prevent and control the
amount of fluid around the heart and lungs. When the body carry extra fluid, it makes the heart
work harder and may increase in blood pressure.
Fats and oils and concentrated sources of energy. Eating too much, particularly the wrong
kinds of fat, like saturated and industrially-produced trans-fat, can increase the risk of heart disease
and stroke. To avoid unhealthy weight gain, consumption of total fat should not exceed 30% of a
person's overall energy intake.
Keeping salt intake helps prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and
stroke in the adult population. Limiting the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (soy sauce
and fish sauce) when cooking and preparing foods helps reduce salt intake.
Nursing Responsibilities: