ENGLISH FOR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING II

DRW
2020

Universitas Harapan Medan

 THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Every petrol-engined car needs electricity to provide current for the lights and

other electrical equipment, and to supply the

necessary power for the ignition system.

The ignition system enables the

engine to be started and kept running,

and sparking plugs from an essensial part of

this system. They are screwed into the engine

at, or near, the top, usually one sparking plug

for each cylinder. A four-cylinder engine

therefore has four sparking plugs, a six

cylinder engine has six sparking pligs, and so

on. As the name suggests, the purpose of

sparking plug is to make a spark, and this spark is to make a spark, and this spark is

achieved by making the electric current jump a gap between two points (known as

“electrodes‟) which are at the extreme end of the plug which is inserted in the cylinder.

The spark ignites the fuel/air mixture in each cylinder, and very rapid

burning and expantion results. This process is called “combution” it will be explained

later just how this combution fits into the operation of the engine.

Electricity for the igniting process (ignition) is supplied by a dynamo and battery.

The current is then carried to a coil, then to a distributor and finally to the sparking

plugs.

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise Answer these questions

1. What does an electric motor do?

2. What is the fuction from the sparking plug?

3. What is electrode?

4. What is combution?

5. What are the function from dynamo and battery?

Exercise
Match each of these motorcomponents to its function
Componen Function
Armature a. Transfer rotation from the motor
Bearings b. Create an electromagnetic field
Brushes c. Converts elecromagnetic energy to rotation
Commutator d. Reverses thecurrent to the armature
Drive shaft e. Support the drive shaft
Field windings f. Supply current to the armature

Universitas Harapan Medan

 CARS

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for

transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most

definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run

primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have

four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people

rather than goods. However, the term automobile is far from precise,

because there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks.

Roof rack Bonnet Bumper Exhaust

Windscreen Wheel Engine Headlight
Steeringwheel Aerial Boot Wiper
Wing

Universitas Harapan Medan

Universitas Harapan Medan
Exercise

Complete the sentences with the appropriate expressions, choose between:

Bumpers Boot Bonnet Seat belt

Indicator Aerial Logo Sunroof

Windscreen Wipers Tyres Badge

You open the bonnet to look at the engine.

The ____________ absorb small impacts in an accident.

Don’t forget to retract the ____________ before using the car wash.

Can you put my suitcase in the ____________, please?

When it starts raining, you need to switch on the ____________.

“What model is that?” “I don’t know I can’t see the ____________ from here.”

It is important to inflate the ____________ to correct the pressure for better

fuel consumption.

The Mercedes star is a well-known ____________.

Open the ____________ and let some sun and fresh air into the car.

I wish all drivers would use their ____________ when they want to turn right

or left!

Do not forget to fasten your ____________, it can save your life in case of an

accident.

Universitas Harapan Medan

Universitas Harapan Medan
CONVERSATION
The Car Broke Down
Burt : Hey Kevin! Where were you in the morning?
Kevin : Don't even talk about my morning.
Burt : Why? What happened? Is everything alright?
Kevin : My car broke down today and I had to miss such an important meeting.
Burt : Whoa! What happened to your car?
Kevin : The mechanic said that there was a problem with the radiator.
Burt : So, what now? Did you get it repaired?
Kevin : Not yet, but the mechanic is taking care of it. I'll get it back by Tuesday.
Burt : So, I wouldn’t worry. It’s not a major problem. But how will you commute
till Tuesday?
Kevin : Haven't thought about it yet.
Burt : Why don't we share a taxi until you get your car back?
Kevin : Thanks. I think that's a good idea.

Problem With the Car Battery

Kevin : Where are you Mary?
Mary : I'm home. My car just won’t start.
Kevin : I used to have the same problem with my old car. Did you check the
battery?
Mary : Yeah. It was dead in the morning. I called the mechanic to give my car a
jump.
Kevin : Well, I guess if you need to jump-start your car, you probably need to buy a
new battery.
Mary : What are you saying? I bought this battery just a couple of months ago.
I don't think I should have a problem with it every second day.
Kevin: I guess the dealer sold you an old one. Did he give you any warranty card
with it?
Mary : Yes. I suppose.
Kevin : Then call the dealer and ask him to replace it. You are still eligible to claim
the warranty.
Mary : All right. Thanks for your help. I'll call the dealer right now.

Universitas Harapan Medan

 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1. Present Perfect Tense

We use present perfect tense to show an action has happened
Form
Verbal (+) S + Have/ Has + V3
(-) S + Have/ Has + Not + V3
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3

Nominal (+) S + Have/ Has + Been + Nominal

(-) S + Have/ Has + Been + Not + Nominal
(?) Have/ Has + S + Been + Nominal
Example
I have called her many times
He has not been in the class
We have discussed this machine topic
Have you studied drawing technique?

Exercise 1
Use the correct form of the verbs
1. I (fix) ………………………………………….. the car.
2. Jimmy (buy) …………………………..…… the most expensive audio card.
3. I (run) ………………………………………….. automobile company.
4. Sue and Walter (format) …………………………………… their laptops.
5. She (erase) …………………………..…………. all the private information.
6. I (break) ………………………………………………… my motorcycle.
7. He (defragment) …………………….………………… my local hard drive.
7. John and I (create) ……………………..…… a new user account for you.
8. When I (click) …………. OK, a pop-up menu (appear) …………………………
9. I (remove) ………………………………. the Recycle Bin icon from the
Desktop
10. She (remove) ………………………………….. the recycle bin the desktop

Universitas Harapan Medan

 COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic machine which can accept data in a

certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in

specified format as information.

First data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program

is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.

Finally, we can see the result the output on the screen or in printed form.

A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software.

Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch.

Software is a set of instructions, called program, which tells the computer

what to do.

Exercise 1

1. What is computer?

2. What and software hardware? And give each 5 examples!

3. Give definition of computer by your own words!

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise 2

Give the name and fuction from the computer items below!

Universitas Harapan Medan

 HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

Safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety,

health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all

occupational safety and health programs is to foster a safe work

environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family

members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other

members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. The

average person finds it difficult to assess risks and that is why work

practices need to be regulated.

Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of your business, no

matter what size it is. As a business owner you have responsibilities

regarding health and safety in your workplace. Even if you don’t have any

employees, you must ensure that your business doesn’t create health and

safety problems for your customers and the general public.

Knowing and understanding the Occupational Health and Safety laws

can help you avoid the unnecessary costs and damage to your business

caused by workplace injury and illness.

There are many examples of dangerous activities at your workplace,

such as welding without goggles, working at a construction site without the

protection of a hard hat, working in noisy environments without ear plugs or

mufflers, working in production with different possibly hazardous materials

without protective gloves and/or clothes, smoking near inflammable

substance.

Universitas Harapan Medan

 There are different risky or hazardous situations, such as:

combustion, contamination, dust, the possibility of explosion, poisonous

fumes, gas leakages, toxic vapors, the danger of electrical shock which can

all have effects on us and can cause lethal or very serious damage to our

body (for example: vomiting, dizziness, burns, birth defects, cancer, genetic

damage). All around risky environments or materials there are warning

signs that people have to take seriously.

Exercise

Name the safety items below.

a.__________ b. __________ c.___________

d.__________ e. ___________ f.__________ g.

Universitas Harapan Medan

 GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

In our everyday but also professional life we have to give and follow certain
instructions.
• Have a look at this example about how to change an
oil filter:
• Check the handbrake is on and jack up the front of
the car.
• Put a shallow pan on the ground under the engine.
• Make sure that’s directly underneath the engine’s drain plug.
• Unscrew the drain plug and wait for the oil to drain completely. It will
flow out easily.
• Replace the plug and tighten it with a wrench.
• Then locate the oil filter.
• Remove the filter by rotating it slowly counter clockwise. Pour any
remaining oil into the pan.
• Screw in the new filter, rotating it clockwise. Do not screw it too
tightly.
• Remove the drain pain and carefully pour the oil into a special
container that can be sealed
• off.
• Lower the car to the ground again. Do it slowly. Then pour new oil in.
Check for any leaks
• under the car.
• Repeat this process every 5,000 kilometres to keep your car in a good
condition.

Universitas Harapan Medan

 HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES

Nowadays, the speed and productivity are very important, and

therefore many works in the workshop are being done with the power tools

and machines.

However, any good craftsman knows that the quality result lies in the

balance between the handwork and machine work. In many cases during

the manufacture, the craftsman has to decide whether some operation will

be done with the hand tools or with the machine. Such decision should

always be made by considering which method is more efficient, which

method you are adept to, which methods produce better work and which

method is cheaper. Always use right hand tool for the job. This way you get

the best job with the least effort, the least damage to the tool and the least

danger to yourself.

In some cases, hand tools are faster than the machines. Of course, if

many identical parts need to be cut, hand tools are definitely slower. But if

you work on some unique project, it will surely be easier to perform some

operations with the hand tools, rather than to waste time to set up and

configure your machine.

One of the important advantages of hand tools is that they are

cheaper than the power tools, so if in your work you do not have a specific

need for this type of tools, it will be much more cost-effective to buy less

expensive hand tool and use it occasionally, than to buy an expensive power

Universitas Harapan Medan

tool which will lay on the shelf. Besides that, the hand tools are

indispensable for the house maintenance.

Various jobs on the house are occasional, so it is not profitable to

invest a lot of money in various power tools. Another great advantage of

hand tools is that they are much safer than the power tools, and this is

important for both craftsmen beginners and for the amateurs, who use hand

tools just for quick repairs.

Exercise
Match the descriptions with the tools/instruments/machines (or their parts)
and decide which professionals might use them:
Lathe Micrometer Pencil File Bulldozer Jack
Computer mouse Knife Drill Ruler

1. Part of the machine that helps you search the Internet. Computer
mouse
2. A machine used for excavation work.
3. A metal tool with a rough surface.
4. An instrument consisting of a thin stick of graphite enclosed in a piece
of wood.
5. A device for lifting heavy weights of the ground.
6. A small hand tool that is used for cuts.
7. A measuring instrument used to measure very small distances in
metal.
8. A tool or a machine for making holes.
9. A tool for measuring, made of wood or plastic.
10. A machine that shapes pieces of wood or metal.

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise

Complete each sentence with the appropriate tool, choose between:

Axe File Scissors Spade Hammer

Saw Spanner Drill Knife Pliers

Screwdriver

You can make these edges smoother with a file.

I can’t open the back of television without a special ______________.

You can cut that wooden plank in pieces with this ______________.

For twisting electrical wires you will need ______________.

The good thing about this ______________ is that it has a very sharp blade.

We could chop the wood for the fireplace if we had an ______________.

I am going to burry that dead bird. Where is the ______________?

Oh dear? I’ve hit my finger with the ______________. It really hurts.

You will not be able to make a hole without a special ______________.

Universitas Harapan Medan

 PASSIVE VOICE

A. The form of Passive Voice

Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be

as an auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active

voice in English there is a corresponding passive voice.

Formation Example

S + Tobe + V3 + By + O

1. Active voice

Imam writes a mechanical engineering assignment

Imam (the subject is the doer of the action)

Writes (verb)

A mechanical engineering assignment (the noun receiving the action in

the object of the action)

2. Passive Voice

A mechanical engineering is written by Imam

A mechanical engineering (the subject is the receiver of the action)

Written (the verb phrase containing a form the verb to be)

Imam (a noun becomes part of the phrase beginning with)

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise

Change these sentences into passive voice

1. You must leave the message

The message must be left by you

2. I will drive a new car during this holiday

……………………………………………

3. The mechanic is using pliers as a hammer

…………………………………………….

4. He controlled the production systems.

………………………………………………

5. Software company is launching new software.

…………………………………..............

6. We must clean Wet or oily floors quickly

………………………………..................

7. He installed a new anti-virus to my laptop.

………………………………..................

8. You can improve your engineering knowledge by practicing.

……………………………………............

9. Developers are hand tools increasingly

…………………………………...............

10. Office workers will use Safety Tools at work

........................................................

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise

Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:

Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just

locked up the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber

told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then

the robber tied him up. The police have organized a search for the robber.

They hope they will find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of

the shop for shock

Universitas Harapan Medan

 APPLICATION LETTER

Application letter is also called by A

cover letter. Application letter is a

document sent with your resume to

provide additional information on your

skills and experience. Business and

professional people are hired on the basis

of application letter and interview General points:

• Keep it brief

• Begin your letter or email „Dear Mr / Mrs/ Msxxxx‟ if you know the

Person’s name, or “Dear Sir or Madam‟ if youdon’t know their name.

• Short paragraphs.

• Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation carefully.

Part of Application Letter

1. Heading

a. Sender's address:

b. Date

In England In USA

28th December, 1999 December 28, 1999

¨1st April, 1998 April 1, 1998

28.12.1999 12/28/1999

Universitas Harapan Medan

2. Inside Address

This is the address you are sending your letter to (the company‟s address).

Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them

3. Salutation

Example: Dear Sir,

4. Body

The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs,

explains why the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant

experience, and shows how that experience would be useful if selected

for the career opportunity.

5. Closing

Example: Yours sincerely,

6. Signature

Do not followed by punctuation

Consist of application letter

1. Introduction

Begin by stating what job you are applying for. Explain where you heard

about the job.

Example: I wish to apply for the position of Accounting Staff that was

advertised on Jakarta Pos, May 25, 2012.

Universitas Harapan Medan

2. Statement of qualification

You should mention your educational background. Mention specific

qualifications listed in the job posting, mention why your skills and

experience are a good fit for the job

Example: I have over one year experience as an Accounting with PT.

Pelayaran Nasional and have experience of a wide variety of pattern

techniques. My computer skills are very good, and I have an excellent

record as a reliable, productive employee.

3. Reason for applying the job

Explain why you are interested in the job and why you make an excellent

candidate for the position. be clear and positive about why you want the

job. You might feel that you are ready for greater challenges, more

responsibility.

Example:

I am looking for new challenges and the position of Accounting Staff

sounds the perfect opportunity.

4. Availability of the applicant

in the final paragraph you could say when you’d be available to start

work, or suggest that the company keep your CV/résumé on file if they

decide you’re not suitable for the current job.

Example: I am available for interview at your convenience.

5. Statement of Referee

Referee is someone whose name is given as recommendation. It consists

of good points.

Universitas Harapan Medan

Example Application Letter

Universitas Harapan Medan

Exercise

Fill in the missing words in the writing below. The words are in the box

below the writing

Universitas Harapan Medan