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Jorge Madias
Consultant
metallon
Content
Introduction
Characterization
Formation mechanism
Prevention
Evolution during rolling
Conclusions
About metallon
A consulting & training company for the steel &
foundry industry, based in San Nicolas, Argentina
Technical assistance
Open and in company short courses
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Library services
References
ArcelorMittal
Gerdau
Tenaris
Ternium
Introduction
Drivers behind preparation of the review
Series of review papers on billet, bloom and beam
blank defects at AISTech, since 2011
Troubleshooting work on off-corner cracks at
several Latin American steel companies
Introduction
Longitudinal off-corner cracks
Internal defects that may occur in billets, blooms, slabs, thin slabs
and beam blanks
Solidification cracks located in some of the eight typical locations,
perpendicular to the surface
One or more parallel cracks at a given position
Several mm below the surface, but under certain conditions they
may open to the surface
Often, they appear below a surface depression
Manganese sulfides may refill them.
Continuous casting
In extreme case, shell breakouts
Rolling
Partially or complete welding
Manganese sulfides remain
Machining, forging or heat treating
Defects may occur
Characterization
Macroetching or Baumann printing a transverse
cut of a billet / bloom
Grado I Grado II
Acciaierie Venete, Padova, Italy
Grado IV
Characterization
Countings for improvement plan
Positions affected
Minimum distance to the billet surface
Crack length
Total crack length in a transverse cut
Characterization
Path between columnar grains, occupying
interdendritic spaces
Partially filled with manganese sulfides
For high Cr steels, like valve steels, chromium
carbides may take part in the refilling of the cracks
metallon
Full paper (not included in Proceedings): request to
jorge.madias@metallon.com.ar