IV.

EVIDENCE (Rules 128-134)

(As amended by A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC effective May 1, 2020)
C. RULES OF ADMISSIBILITY
Balbarino,
2. Documentary Evidence Sumaway, Tom
Cherry Anjell
Cases:
1. St Martin Polyclinic, Inc. vs. LWV Consi. Corp., 847 SCRA Veloso, Rafael Romano,
Luis Miguel Jerome
2. People vs. Vibar, 858 SCRA 230 - on admissibility of private
documents
a. The Best Evidence Rule Badayos,
Sumaway, Tom
b. Secondary Evidence Angelita
Cases:
Peña, Adrian
1. MCMP Const. Corp vs Monark, Nov. 10, 2014 Pastor, Gee
Jeric
2. Loon vs. Power Master, Inc., 772 SCRA
3. Dimaguila vs. Monteiro, 714 SCRA
Rivera, David Morales, Maria
4. Republic vs. Mupas, 769 SCRA 384
Israel Feliciano Gylissa Love
5. Robinol vs. Bassig, 845 SCRA 447
c. Parol Evidence
Villanueva,
Cases: Albano, Mae-
Nanette Eloisa
1. Leoveras vs. Valdes, 652 SCRA Dawn Giron
Atienza
2. Paras vs. Kimwa Const & Dev. Corp., 755 SCRA
3. PNB vs. Pasimio, 769 SCRA 70 Ricalde, Marra Mediodia, Ilssa
4. Mancol vs. DBP, 846 SCRA 131 Antonnette Ma. Tara
Amendments are found in Sections 2, 3, 3(b), 3(c), 4(a)(b)(c), 7 {9 is now 10})
c. Electronic Evidence
Bediones, De Leon,
- A.M. 01-7-01-SC, Rules on Electronic Evidence
Jonnel Alzona Josephus
- RA.8792, E-Commerce Law
Cases: Balbarino,
1. Heirs of Sabanpan vs. Comorposa, 408 SCRA Sagmon,
Cherry Anjell
Kristine Joanne
2. Torres vs. PAGCOR 661 SCRA Lopez
3. Ang vs. Republic, 678 SCRA Evangelio, Ishihara, Rio
4. People vs. Enojas Jasper Paul Anne
5. Syhunliong vs. Rivera, June 4, 2014 Bona, Claire Melegrito, Ma.
6. Bartolome vs. Maranan, 740 SCRA 491 Margarette Alexia
7. BBB vs. AAA, 750 SCRA 188 Cabrera,
Senados,
Johanna Marie
8. Astorga & Repol Law Offices vs. Villanueva, 757 SCR4 410 Nahum Jasmin
Mamaril

Section 4 of Rule 130 incorporated Electronic Evidence Rule Sections 11-20 remain: Interpretaion of Documents

3. Testimonial Evidence
a. Qualifications: "one who can perceive and perceiving make known
Evangelio,
his perception" Ramos, Angelica
i. ability to observe/perceive Jasper Paul
Crisgar Balunton
ii. ability to recall/remember Valdez
iii. ability to relate/communicate
b. disqualifications:
Case: Marcos vs. Heirs of Andres Navarro, 700 SCRA
Belista, Charissa Mediodia, Ilssa
Note: mental incapacity or immaturity in Section 21 has been
Lau Ma. Tara
deleted. Is it no longer a disqualification?
Case: People vs. Golimlim, 427 SCRA
i. marital disqualification
Cases: Samson, Camille Morales, Maria
1. Alvarez vs. Ramirez, 473 SCRA Yasmeen Cruz Gylissa Love
2. People vs. Castaneda, 88 SCRA
ii. privileged communication (Section 24)
Dumayas,
Cases: Zaragoza, Renee
Emmanuel
1. Chan vs. Chan, 702 SCRA Mae
Cezar
2. Lacurom vs. Jacoba, 484 SCRA
3. Samala vs. Valencia, 512 SCRA Ganto, Sarah Pocot, Eldan
4. Almonte vs. Vasquez, 244 SCRA Rose Torres Rivera
5. Syhunliong vs. Rivera, June 4, 2014

Note: Discuss executive privilege under the Ishihara, Rio Manez, John
doctrines in Senate of the Philippines vs. Ermita (488 SCRA) Anne Michael Dizon
and Neri Vs. Senate Committees (435 SCRA)

iii. death or insanity/dead man's statute (Section 39)

Cases: Ramallosa,
Ganto, Sarah
1. Razon vs. CA, 207 SCRA Hannah Kamille
Rose Torres
2. Sunga-Chan vs. Chua, 363 SCRA Enrile
3. Bordalba vs. CA, 374 SCRA
c. Testimonial Privilege
i. Parental and filial privilege (Section 25)
ii. Privilege relating to trade secrets (Section 26)
d. Admissions Bona, Claire
Mejica, John
-by third parties (S-29) Margarette
Paolo Ancheta
-by partners(S-30) Mendenilla
-by conspirators
-by privies
-by silence
Cases:
1. Constantino vs. Heirs of Pedro Constantino, Jr. 706 SCRA
Melegrito, Ma. Rivera, David
2. Cambe vs. Office of the Ombudsman, 812 SCRA 537, Alexia Israel Feliciano
December 6, 2016
3. Ocampo vs. Ocampo, Sr., 830 SCRA 418
e. Offer of Compromise (Section 28)
f. Confessions De Vera, Josef Mediodia, Ilssa
Paul Lazaro Ma. Tara
- judicial vs. extra-judicial
Cases:
1. People vs. Dacanay 807 SCRA 130, 11/7/2016
Mediodia, Ilssa De Vera, Josef
2. People vs. Opiniano, 832 SCRA (2017) Ma. Tara Paul Lazaro

3. Cruz vs. People, 846 SCRA 189

g. Previous Conduct (Section 35)
Cases:
Rivera, David Melegrito, Ma.
1. People vs. Santos, 221 SCRA 715
Israel Feliciano Alexia
2. People vs. Nardo, 353 SCRA 339
3. RP vs. Heirs of Alejaga, Sr., 393 SCRA 361
h. Hearsay Evidence Rule
Case: Bona, Claire
Mejica, John
1. Patula vs. People, 669 SCRA Margarette
Paolo Ancheta
2. People vs. Aguirre, 845 SCRA Mendenilla
° Doctrine: independently relevant statement
i. Exceptions:
i.Dying Declaration:
Ramallosa,
Cases: Ganto, Sarah
Hannah Kamille
Rose Torres
Pp vs. Calinawan, 817 SCRA 424, February 13, 2017 Enrile
Pp vs. Umapas, 821 SCRA 421

ii. Statement of Decedent or person of unsound mind

Manez, John Ishihara, Rio
iii. Declaration against interest:
Michael Dizon Anne
Case:
Pp vs. Bernal, 274 SCRA
iv. Declaration about pedigree: Tizon vs. CA, 276 SCRA
Pocot, Eldan Ganto, Sarah
v. Family Reputation or tradition: Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA Rivera Rose Torres
vi. Common reputation
vii. Res gestae:
Dumayas,
Cases: Zaragoza,
Emmanuel
Pp vs. Dimapilit, 836 SCRA 514 Renee Mae
Cezar
Pp vs. Santillan, 837 SCRA 71
viii. Records of regularly conducted business activity
Morales, Maria Samson, Camille
(formerly, Entries in the course of business): Phil. Airlines vs
Gylissa Love Yasmeen Cruz
Ramos, 207 SCRA 461
ix. Entries in Official Records:
Cases:
Mediodia, Ilssa Belista, Charissa
People vs. Corpuz, 856 SCRA 610;
Ma. Tara Lau
Sabili vs. COMELEC, 670 SCRA;
Cercado-Siga Vs. Cercado, Jr., 752 SCRA 514
Evangelio, Ramos, Angelica
x. Commercial lists: Meralco vs. Quisumbing, 336 SCRA
Jasper Paul Crisgar
xi. Learned treatises Valdez Balunton
Cabrera,
xii.Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding: Pp vs. Senados,
Johanna Marie
Ortiz-Miyako, 279 SCRA; Go vs. People, 677 SCRA Nahum Jasmin
Mamaril

Bona, Claire
xiii.Child Witness Rule: People vs. Ibanez, 706 SCRA Melegrito, Ma.
Margarette
People vs. Esugon, 759 SCRA 666 Alexia
Mendenilla
 xiv. Residual Exception (Section 50)
i. Opinion Rule Sections 51-53
Balbarino,
a. Expert Witness: Ishihara, Rio
Cherry Anjell
Cases: Anne
Lopez
Avelino vs. People, 701 SCRA
Lavarez vs. Guevarra, 822 SCRA 130
b.Ordinary Witness: Pp vs. Duranan, 349 SCRA
Sagmon, Dineros, Lady
j. Character Evidence Kristine Joanne Lyn
Case: People vs. Deopita, 436 SCRA 794
D. BURDEN OF PROOF AND PRESUMPTIONS
(Rule 131 has two additional sections)
1. Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence
Case: FEBTC vs. Chante, 707 SCRA De Leon, Bediones,
2. Presumptions Josephus Jonnel Alzona
a. Conclusive presumptions
Cases:
i. Ibaan Rural bank vs. CA, 321 SCRA
Mediodia, Ilssa Ricalde, Marra
ii. Alcaraz vs. Tangga-an, 401 SCRA
Ma. Tara Antonnette
iii. University of Mindanao vs. BSP, 778 SCRA (1/11/16)
b. Disputable presumptions Villanueva,
Albano, Mae-
Cases: Rosaroso vs. Soria, 699 SCRA Nanette Eloisa
Dawn Giron
Heirs of Trazona vs. Heirs of Canada, 712 SCRA Atienza
Uy vs. Lacsamana, 767 SCRA 657 Morales, Maria Rivera, David
Diaz vs. People, 776 SCRA 43 Gylissa Love Israel Feliciano
- suppression of testimony:
Peña, Adrian
People vs. Padrigone, 382 SCRA Pastor, Gee
Jeric
Metrobank vs. CA, 333 SCRA
- official duty:
People vs. Barte, 819 SCRA 10, March 1, 2017 Romano, Veloso, Rafael
De los Santos vs. COA, 703 SCRA Jerome Luis Miguel
People vs. Candidia, 707 SCRA
- cohabitation: People vs. Edualino, 271 SCRA
Badayos,
- absence Sumaway, Tom
Angelita
- survivorship
3. Legitimacy or Illegitimacy (Section 4) Balbarino,
Clemente,
Cherry Anjell
4. Presumptions in civil actions/criminal actions (Sections 5& 6) Jerick Angelo
Lopez
E. PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE
1. Examination of Witnesses (Sections 1-18)
a.Order of Presentation of Evidence: People vs Fabre, 385
Cabauatan,
SCRA
b.Leading and Misleading Questions: People vs. Perez, 397 Valdez, Suzette Androus Rogel
SCRA Chosas
c. Impeachment: People vs. Castellano, 400 SCRA
d. Reference to Memorandum
Villanueva,
i. Present Memory Revived: People vs. Plasencia, 249 Tanjutco, Fatima
Nanette Eloisa
SCRA Grace Ocampo
ii. Past Recollection Recorded: Canque vs CA, 305 SCRA Atienza
2. Aunthentication and Proof of Documents (Section 19-33)
a. Classes of Documents
i. Public Documents Tanjutco,
Cases: 1. Iwasawa vs. Gangan, 705 SCRA Peña, Adrian
Fatima Grace
2. Asian Terminals vs. Philam Insurance, 702 Jeric
Ocampo
SCRA
ii. Private Documents
b. Offer of Evidence: Evangelio,
Veloso, Rafael
Aludos vs. Suerte, 673 SCRA; Jasper Paul
Luis Miguel
Westmont Investment Corporation vs. Francia, Jr., 661 Valdez
SCRA
3. Offer and Objection (Sections 34-40)
Clemente, Jerick Senados,
a. Tender of Excluded Evidence: Fortune Tobacco Corp. vs.
Angelo Nahum Jasmin
Com of Int. Rev., 761 SCRA
F. WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE (Rule 133)
The Hierarchy of Evidence
i. Overwhelming evidence
Arroyo,
ii. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt Samson, Camille
Kenneth
1. People vs. Caliso - 659 SCRA Yasmeen Cruz
Cabantog
2. People vs. Patentes - 716 SCRA
iii. Clear and Convincing
1. Govt of Hongkong Special Adm. Region vs. Olalia, Jr. - Cabrera,
Belista, Charissa
521 SCRA Johanna Marie
Lau
2. Sup. Court vs. Delgado, 658 SCRA Mamaril
3. People vs. Fontanilla - 664 SCRA
iv. Preponderance of Evidence
1. PCIB vs. Balmaceda - 658 SCRA
Trinidad, Lizette Pastor, Gee
2. De la Llana vs. Biong - 711 SCRA
3. Canlao vs. People - 659 SCRA (equipoise doctrine)
v. Substantial Evidence Dumayas,
Dineros, Lady
1. Office of the Ombudsman vs. Reyes - 658 SCRA Emmanuel
Lyn
2. Ramos vs. BPI Family Savings Bank -- 711 SCRA Cezar
vi. Prima facie evidence Jumagdao, Del Rosario,
1. Lucas vs. Lucas - 650 SCRA Chrismaire Dexter Del
vii. Probable Cause Jumagdao,
Ricalde, Marra
1. PNB vs. Tria - 671 SCRA Chrismaire
Antonnette
2. Del Castillo vs. People - 664 SCRA Dalope
viii. Iota of Evidence (circumstantial)
1. People vs. Anticamara -- 651 SCRA Chua, Mark Manez, John
2. People vs. Deocampo 666 SCRA Andrew Michael Dizon
3. Celedonio vs. People, 761 SCRA 363