JOB NO.

: 5715

GENERAL SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT NO.

OF INSTRUMENTATION
DATE : 19/12/2016

REV :0

3.1. General Requirement for Instruments

3.2.1. Field-Mounted Instruments
3.2.1.1. All field instruments shall be suitable for installation in the
climatic conditions specified below and be tropicalized as per
manufacturers standard procedure. All part subject to moisture
， fungus growth,orinsect attack shall be treated with suitable
coating to inhibit such corrosion attack.Suitable weather
protection ， NEMA 4 or equivalent asminimum,shall be
provided.
3.2.1.2. Instruments for off-line mounting shall be provided with
mounting bracket suitable for 2" stanchion, except where
installed in panels.
3.2.1.3. As a rule, all electric transmitters shall be provided with an
integral mount local indicator, however, blind transmitter can be
used when separate remote output indicator in the field is
installed.
3.2.1.4. The smart transmitter shall be used.
3.2.1.5. Accuracy of instruments shall be within ± 0.2% of the span,
sensitivity 0.05% and repeatability ± 0.1% of the span for
electronic transmitters as maximum, and accuracy ± 1.0% of
the span for other instruments, unless otherwise specified.
3.2.1.6. Each pneumatic instrument shall have an air filter regulator with
a supply gauge and a blind pneumatic transmitter shall be
furnished with a local indicator.
3.2.1.7. All indicating instruments shall have white dials with black
figures and graduations unless otherwise specified. Normal
reading/indicating position shall be approximately 70% of full
range of flow and in the middle third of the span for other
variables.
3.2.1.8. Alarm and shutdown switches shall be provided with bypass for
permitting on-line testing and maintenance.
3.2.1.9. By pass switch shall be key switch and mechanically retained in
the operated position (type of switch unique key lock).
3.2.1.10. Each by pass switch shall cause a separate individual signal
lamp to be illuminated at trip system to inform the operator that
by pass switch has been actuated.
3.2.1.11. All field electrical instruments shall be furnished with wiring
connection terminals for termination.
3.2.1.12. All instrumentation using radioactive materials shall be properly
sealed or shielded for protection to human and/or equipment.
3.2.1.13. Vent/drain normally opened to the atmosphere should be
provided with protection from rain, wind, sand and bug.
3.2.1.14. Vent/drain connections shall be omitted (blind type) from
transmitter bodies for 600# and above rating hydrogen service.
3.2.2. Nameplates
3.2.2.1. All field-mounted instruments shall have name plates.
Manufacturer's standard corrosion resistant nameplate shall be
provided showing Manufacturer Name. Tag No., Serial No.,
Model No., etc.
3.2.2.2. Panel mounted instruments and panels shall have service
nameplates on the front of the panel by white labels with black

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 JOB NO. : 5715

GENERAL SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT NO.

OF INSTRUMENTATION
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text, stating the tag number and the service written in English.
The service nameplates shall be stuck in front of the panel.
3.2.2.3. Adhesive type nameplates ，so called dymo tape or equivalent
is not allowed.
3.2.2.4. Service-nameplates shall be furnished for field mounted
controllers stating tag number and service description on
laminated black coloured plastic with white lettering engraved.
3.2.3. Colour and painting of Instruments and Equipment
3.2.3.1. The colour of instruments shall be manufacturer's standard,
unless otherwise specified.
3.2.3.2. All instrument and equipment shall be painted at the
manufacturer’s shop with his paint system suitable for site
condition specified in Para. 3.2.2 (1) above, and for service
conditions, if required. The manufacturer's standard shop coat
shall be applied, however, two coats of primer and two coats of
finish shall be applied in the manufacturer's shop.
3.2.3.3. Housing or cases of field instruments associated with interlock
and safety systems, shall be coloured red, with the exception of
valves.
3.2.4. End Connections
3.2.4.1. All threaded connections shall be NPT as per ANSI B1.20.1-
1983.
3.2.4.2. All flanged connections, flange ratings and flange face finishes
shall be in accordance with associated piping and vessel
specification, unless otherwise specified.
3.2.5. Accessibility and Maintainability
3.2.5.1. All instrumentation equipment shall be designed so that
they are accessible, and their installation shall have a
proper space for maintenance and removal of equipment.
3.2.5.2. Field-mounted equipment and instruments shall generally
be located such that they are accessible directly from
grade, platforms, walkways, or fixed ladders. Line mounted
instruments shall be located no more than 2.5 m vertically
and no more than 0.5 m horizontally away from plat-
form/walkway, or no more than 4.5 m vertically from grade,
considering the accessibility by temporary ladder.
3.2.5.3. Control valves shall always be operable from grade or
platform level.
3.2.5.4. Local indicating and recording instruments shall be installed
with center line of window at an elevation of 1.35 m above
grade or walkway and in an easily readable position.
3.2.5.5. Remote-mounted output indicators from the transmitters
shall be installed for all flow control and pressure control
instruments. The other services shall be as per Piping and
Instrument Diagrams.
3.2.5.6. The direct process mounting type pressure transmitter shall
be used wherever applicable.
3.2.6. Selection of Materials
3.2.6.1. The material of the wetted parts of instruments shall be
selected to satisfy the operating conditions.

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3.2.6.2. The selection of materials for in-line instruments (orifice

assemblies, control valves, thermowells, etc.) which are
subject to operating pressure, temperature, erosion and
corrosion shall generally follow the specification for the
associated piping materials, and the selection of
materials for online instruments (external displacer type
level instrument, gauge glasses, etc.) which are
subject to operating pressure, temperature and
corrosion shall follow the specification for the
associated vessel materials. However, in both cases
more suitable materials than those specified for piping
or vessels shall be selected for instruments.
3.2.6.3. Online instruments (most transmitters for flow ， pressure,
etc) ， which are subject to the operating pressure and
corrosion shall generally be of carbon steel or AISI 316
stainless steel, unless the process conditions require a
more suitable material.
3.2.6.4. Installation materials of impulse lines between process
connections and offline instruments shall be of AISI 316
stainless steel and/or materials stipulated in the associated
piping material specification.
3.2.7. Utility
3.2.7.1. Instrument power supply shall be as follows;
Power For
AC 110V/220V 50 General instrumentation
Hz (UPS) including both Local Panels.
AC 220 V 50 Hz Receptacles, lighting on
cabinets and panels.
Illuminators for level gauges.
DC 125V/24V Field switches, solenoid valves,
with battery. etc.
Back Up
Note: DC 24 V power shall be provided within the system
from UPS as required.
3.2.7.2. Instrument Air Supply
Instrument air supply pressure is normally kept at about 7.0
kg/cm2 G and design pressure is 11.0 kg/cm2 G. However,
all pneumatic actuators for control valves etc. shall be
designed to operate at minimum of 5 kg/cm2 G air supply
pressure.
3.2. Flow Instruments
3.3.1. General
3.3.1.1. For the measurement of flow, the principle of differential
pressure type measurement shall be applied wherever
possible. Turbine meters, displacement meters,
coriolisflowmeters, mass meter and similar proper
measurements may be applied where high accuracy is
required. Flow measurement shall be suitable for the
service conditions.

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3.3.1.2. The other types of flow meters such as turbine, positive

displacement or ultrasonic types etc. shall only be used
where special circumstances exist to justify their use.

3.3.2. Differential Pressure Type Flow Instruments

3.3.2.1. Differential pressure instruments shall be force balance,
differential capacitance, strain gauge or resonant wire
type with continuous adjustable range. A valve manifold
block assembly shall be provided with those transmitters.
3.3.2.2. Bore calculation and selection of orifice plates shall be
based an the latest edition of the "Principles and Practice
of Flow Meter Engineering" by L.K. Spink-1975.
The calculated d/D ratio shall be within the limits between
0,25 and 0,70. In any case, actual orifice bore shall not
be less than 5 mm, except specified by process licenser.
The minimum size shall be 1-1/2" except integral mount
type orifice. For pipe size less 1-1/2", a special calibrated
meter run shall be considered. Drain or weep holes shall
be provided for orifice plates which have a bore larger
than 1". Orifice Plate shall be fabricated as per attached
“Fabrication drawing” (attachment-1) Minimum straight
length shall be per attached “ Piping Arrangement at
Orifice Plates” (attachment-1).
3.3.2.3. Flange taps shall be used for 12" and smaller flow runs.
Pipe taps shall be used for 14" and larger flow runs,
where taps are located 2.5 diameters upstream and 8.0
diameters downstream from orifice plate.
3.3.2.4. The differential pressure range, orifice diameter and type
of device shall be calculated and selected in such a way
that the normal flow shall be recorded or indicated at
approximately 7-7.5 on a 0–10 square root chart or scale,
and the maximum flow does not exceed10 on chart. The
differential pressure range shall generally be of the range
of 125, 150, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mmH2O.
3.3.2.5. Orifice flange assemblies shall generally be provided with
pressure taps. Orifice flange assemblies shall be as per
ANSI 16.36 and have ANSI 300 lb weld neck type or slip-
on type flanges for pipe tap connection unless conditions
require a higher rating. Pressure taps shall be equipped
with 1/2" NPT plugs for 600# and lower services and 3/4"
NPT plugs for 900# and above rating. The material of
plugs shall be same to flanges.
3.3.2.6. Round-edge, eccentric and segmental orifice plates, pitot,
venturi tube, flow nozzle, etc, may be used where the
process conditions require measuring elements other
than square-edge concentric orifice plates.
3.3.2.7. Material of orifice plates shall be type 316 stainless steel,
unless other special materials are required by the
process fluid.
3.3.3. Rotameters
3.3.3.1. Rotameters with a metal tapered tube shall be applied.

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 JOB NO. : 5715

GENERAL SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT NO.

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DATE : 19/12/2016

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Glass tube type may only be used for the fluid of air, inert
gas, or water at the low pressure condition.
3.3.3.2. Rotameter shall always be mounted in a truly vertical
position and in such a way that strain or stress caused by
the weight of unsupported lines or by thermal expansion
is kept to a minimum.
3.3.3.3. The maximum flow rate shall coincide with the maximum
flow rate obtainable with a standard tube and float.
Normal flow rate shall be between 60% and 80% of
capacity, provided anticipated minimum and maximum
flow rates shall be between 10% and 95% of capacity.
3.3.3.4. Fluid which may contain solids must be adequately
filtered upstream of rotameters.
3.3. Pressure Instruments
3.4.1. General
3.4.1.1. Pressure and differential pressure instruments used in
instrument air service or any other similar non corrosive
service may have bronze bellows measuring elements.
3.4.1.2. Pulsation dampeners of micro needle type or snubber
shall be furnished for all pressure gauges on discharge of
reciprocating pumps and on suction and discharge of
reciprocating compressor.
3.4.1.3. Pressure taps on horizontal lines shall not be located on
the bottom part of the line.
3.4.1.4. In general, Pressure range shall be such that normal
pressure shall be in the middle third of the span.
Pressure elements measuring a steady pressure should
not normally be operated above 75% of maximum range,
and for measuring a fluctuating pressure should not be
operated above 60% of maximum range.
3.4.1.5. Instruments shall have over-range protection to the
maximum pressure to which they may be exposed.
3.4.1.6. Local pressure controller- shall be provided with
indication of measured value and set point and auto-
manual station.
3.4.1.7. Process connection shall generally be 1/2" NPT male or
female.
3.4.2. Pressure and Vacuum Gauges
3.4.2.1. Measuring element shall generally be the bourdon tube
type. For measurement of slurries and viscous and
corrosive fluid, diaphragm seal type shall be used.
3.4.2.2. The minimum dial size shall generally be minimum 100
mm and accuracy shall be ± 1.0% of F.S
3.4.2.3. The measuring elements and movements shall be type
316 stainless steel unless process fluid requires the use
of other metal. In case of instrument air or non-corrosive
service can be used bronze element.It shall withstand
over-ranging to a pressure 1.3 times the maximum scale
reading but if any more pressure rise might be
anticipated, the mechanical protection for the sensing
element shall be equipped.

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3.4.2.4. Gauge connection shall be ½” NPT male and be provided

with wrench, flats, unless diaphragm seal type.
3.4.2.5. Gauge pointer shall be adjustable without removing it
from its shaft.
3.4.2.6. The case shall be weatherproof and furnished with a
blow-out back or blow-out disc in the back. The case
material shall be phenolic resin with a screwed ring or
stainless steel with bayonet lock ring.
3.4.2.7. Draft gauges shall be slac diaphragm type.

3.4.2.8. Siphons.
Siphons shall be ½” seamless schedule 80 (minimum)
steel pipe. They may be either the pigtail or coil pipe type.
3.4.2.9. Normal operating condition shall be considered as the
design basis.
Scale Range Scale Range
0–1 kg/cm2 G -76 cmHG – 0 -- 1 kg/cm2 G
0 – 2.5 kg/cm2 G -76 cmHG – 0 – 1.5 kg/cm2 G
0–4 kg/cm2 G -76 cmHG – 0 – 3 kg/cm2 G
0–6 kg/cm2 G -76 cmHG – 0 – 5 kg/cm2 G
0 – 10 kg/cm2 G -76 cmHG – 0 – 9 kg/cm2 G
0 – 16 kg/cm2 G
0 – 25 kg/cm2 G
0 – 40 kg/cm2 G
0 – 60 kg/cm2 G
0 – 100 kg/cm2 G
0 – 160 kg/cm2 G
0 – 250 kg/cm2 G
0 – 400 kg/cm2 G
3.4.2.10. Pneumatic Air Receiver Indicating Gauges
- Gauges used on instrument air supply and air
transmission Signals from transmitters may use
phosphor bronze measuring elements.
- A stop pin required on all pneumatic receiver gauges
at 110% of the range.
- Connections shall be ¼” NPT (M).
3.4.2.11. Pressure gauges other than above such as air supply
gauge, output gauges and etc. Installed on the
instrument shall be manufacturer’s standard.

3.4.3. Pressure and Differential Pressure Instrument

3.4.3.1. Pressure instruments measuring elements may be
bourdon tube, spiral, bellows or diaphragm type,
depending upon the severity of the process service.
3.4.3.2. Pressure transmitters shall be force balance, differential
capacitance, strain gauge or resonant wire type.
3.4.3.3. Pressure and differential pressure instruments other than
pressure gauges and pressure switches shall have

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 JOB NO. : 5715

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elements and/or wetted parts of 316 stainless steel

unless the service requires a pressure material.
3.4.3.4. For services requiring a range between – 76 cmHG and 2
kg/cm2 differential-pressure instrument shall be used as
static pressure instrument.
3.4.4. Pressure Switch and Differential Pressure Switches
3.4.4.1. Measuring element shall generally be of the bourdon
tube, bellows, or diaphragm type.
3.4.4.2. Pressures switches shall be provided with SPDT or
DPDT contact with their set-point internally adjustable
and fixed or adjustable differential as required.
3.4.4.3. Pressures elements materials shall be suitable for the
service.
3.4.4.4. Liquid field bellows type differential pressure instrument
shall be considered for very low pressure measurement.
3.4. Temperature Instrument
3.5.1. General
3.5.1.1. Filled system type primary elements may be used for local
controllers, local recorders, and alarm indication.
3.5.1.2. Resistance temperature detectors shall be used only where
thermocouples do not meet accuracy requirement.
3.5.1.3. The temperature measuring element shall be installed such that
the sensitive part is always fully immersed in the medium to be
measured.
3.5.1.4. All the temperature instruments shall generally be provided with
a thermowell except embedded bearing temperature element
and unless specifically noted.
3.5.1.5. Thermocouple or resistance bulb heads shall be of cast iron or
equal. Cover shall be threaded and gasketed with retaining
chain to body.
3.5.2. Temperature Gauge
3.5.2.1. Temperature gauges shall be bi-metallic type or filled type with
every-angle feature, suitable for mounting in threaded or
flanged thermowell.
3.5.2.2. The dial size shall generally be minimum 4”.
3.5.2.3. Immersion length of temperature gauges shall be in accordance
with the length of the thermowell.
3.5.2.4. Manufacturer’s standard ranges shall be used to the maximum
possible extend.
3.5.2.5. The case material shall be stainless steel for corrosive
atmosphere or aluminium for non corrosive atmosphere.
3.5.2.6. Normal operating condition shall be considered as the design
basis and the scale range shall be selected in such a manner
that the working range falls between 30 % - 70 % of the full
scale.
3.5.2.7. The accuracy of thermometers shall be within at least ±2% of
full scale unless noted.
3.5.3. Filled System Temperature Instruments
3.5.3.1. Ranges and their limits of filled system temperature instruments
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard, but the

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application shall be limited to a maximum operating temperature

of 538 deg. C however, filled system type shall not be adopted
for low temperature services.
3.5.3.2. The bulbs shall be provided with extension with adjustable
union and bushing having ½” male thread for connection to a
thermowell.
3.5.3.3. The capillary tubing shall be of AISI 316 stainless steel in
accordance with the manufacturer’s standard.

3.5.4. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) Instruments

3.5.4.1. Resistances-type-self balancing instruments may be provided
for high accuracy and narrow span requirement service of
temperature measurements up to and including 650 deg C.
3.5.4.2. Platinum resistance element shall have a nominal resistance of
100 ohm at 0 deg C. The temperature resistance characteristics
shall be per DIN 43760.
3.5.4.3. A three wire system shall be used.
3.5.5. Thermocouples.
3.5.5.1. For temperature measurements, all thermocouples for
temperature 0 – 1100 deg °C Service shall be Type-K
(chromell-alumel) and metal sheathed, mineral insulated.
3.5.5.2. The temperature EMF characteristic and tolerances shall be
according to ANSI C 96. 1.
3.5.6. Thermowells
3.5.6.1. Construction of thermowells shall be based on the attached
“Fabrication drawing in Attachment III. However, Vendor shall
clarify if the thermowells have suitable performance for the
resonance effect under the operating conditions. Thermowells
shall generally be interchangeable between resistance bulbs,
thermocouples, test wells and temperature gauges.
3.5.6.2. Depending on the pipe and vessel specification, thermowells
shall be suitable for mounting on 1 ½”flanges nozzles, or in 1”
screwed bosses. (Refer to Para. 3. 12)
3.5.6.3. Material for thermowells shall be type 316 stainless steel,
unless other special materials are required by the process fluid.
3.5.6.4. The thermowell material and tag no. Shall be cleary stamped on
the body (wrench flat) of flange
3.5.6.5. The length of the thermowell shall generally be as tabulated
below:

Nominal Dimension “L”, mm

Flange
Pipe Size Screw SW* Weld Neck*
Class
≤1500# 2500#
Up to 6” 150 210 260 280
8“ to 12” 200 260 310 330
14” up 250 310 360 380
Tower or vessel mounting 450 500 520

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Furnace or reactor as specified

*
marks are flange types of piping nozzle.
3.5.6.6. For temperature measurement in applications such as furnace,
flue gas ducts, combustion chambers, etc., the thermowells to
be used shall be made of seamless pipe (Refer to Attachment
III – Detail J)

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