MIND MAPPING STRATEGY

UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

HARVARD NATIONAL MODEL UN 2011
REPUBLIC OF GHANA

TOPIC AREA A: FOOD AND NUTRITION FOR REFUGEES

No. Issue Problem

1 Children are malnourished from the food aid

1a Parents

1. Malnutrition: Food and

nutrition insecurity

Pregnant women are effected, causing them to bear underweight

2 babies

3 Macronutrients and micronutrients

4 Dependency to food aid Refugees refuse to repatriate

Camp administrators penalize the refugees who are travelling to

5 search for incomes
2. Mistreatment from host
countries

6 Government explusing the humanitarian NGO

7 Militias take food rations as hostage for warfare

3. Local conflicts
8 3. Local conflicts Movement rebels attacking the humanitarian NGO

9 Local conflicts attacking the food aids distributions

10 1. Overpopulated refugee More refugees fleeing from their homeland to the already crowded
camps refugee camps

Self-sufficiency of the refugee Government not allowing the refugees to be independent and to
11 camps integrate with local community
Lack of funding for the
12 Clash between local community and refugee
expansion of WFP Program

13 Infectious disease prevention

2. Public health
14 Lack of medical equipment and personnel available

15 Vulnerability to sexual abuse

16 Psychological distress

3. Increase of mortality and

17 morbidity rate Unsuitable temperatures of the campsite

18 Cultural disorientation
19 Children are malnourished of protein and energy

20 Disruption of family/social structures

21 Increased sexual violence

22 4. AIDS Poverty

Discriminatory practices by host populations, resulted in sharing

23 the local foods and creation of barriers

24 Changing amount of food that will be produced in near future

Global climate change
25 Severe droughts and hunger related deaths
26 Violent xenophobia
(3) Rising of food prices
 (3) Rising of food prices
27 Refugees murdered by local people

28 (2) Different food rations Cultural relativity: refugees eat unfamiliar foods, food intolerance

Donors willing to supply resources only to Western countries-

29 located refugees
(1) Mismanagement on food
rations distributions Quantity and type of the food rations distributed to refugees:
30 minimal 2100 calories per day

TOPIC AREA B: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND REFUGEES

No. Issue Problem
31 Creates stress and negative changes in the environment
Overcrowding Population Design of camps: flaws within the guidelines does not meet the
32 expectation of population growth 3-4% per year
Concept of exception resource Bad habit of the refugees to prefer using the consumption rather
33 users than planning for sustainable consumption
34 Poverty and poor conditions Short term oriented decision making

35 Shortages of fuel woods

Deforestation: Fuel wood
scarcity
Fuel woods become source of income; purchasing essential food
36 supplements that contain the nutrients for survival

Secondary forest is harmed because of major natural or artificial

37 disturbance
Potential elimination of
indigenous forests
Refugees have cleared older forests in order to transform them into
38 fields for cash crops

Occupying the tropical forests thus harming the endemic species

39
and loss of biodiversity
40 Burning the forests for land of cultivation
Harming the tropical forests
41 Hunting in tropical forests

42 Governments investing money into rehabilitation process

Camps that are located in urban areas; government are unable to
43 meet water demand
44 Water Pollution: No basic water sanitation infrastructure and waste dumps
45 Overutilization of water Outbreak of epidemics
resources and water quality
46 Conversion of swamp lands

Loss of nutrients in agricultural Shortening of the fallow period in such soils

47 soils
 Loss of nutrients in agricultural Shortening of the fallow period in such soils
47 soils

Refugees stealing crops and water, illegal fishing, spoling the

48 traditional grazing lands
Future conflicts local and Local people haven't seen the benefits by the proximity of the
49 refugees UNHCR camps
Local government establish policies that affect environmental
50 policies and restrictions in refugee camps
51 Reforestation efforts
52 Forest managements projects in agroforestry
Failed solutions
53 Insufficient care and maintenance of reforestation efforts
54 Land ownership

55 Alternative energy utilization Clay or metal stoves are more costly

Integration of environmental Hard to coordinate with the national government to establish clear
56 roles among environmental agencies in relations to refugee
programs populations
Action from UNHCR
Infant feeding practices, access to
sufficient health services, clean and ample
water, access to fuels, clothing and cooking food-for-breastfeed program: (1) allocate appropriate food rations for
equipments; smallholder farms
Possible Solutions
quality of life of the children: (1) allocate approriate food rations for
children which consists of highly-varied micro-and-macro nutrients; (2)
establish a children activities' center inside of the refugee camp that
will be conducted by expert educators from the origin countries aiming
for the preservation of their culture, language and primordial values; (3)
appeal for a coordination program with UNICEF and INGO Save the
Children
parenting capacity screening: (1) create a thorough screening for
parents on their arrival in the refugee camps to ensure the capacity of
their parenting skill due to the post-conflict trauma
pregnant women, lactating women, and children which consists of
highly micro-and-macronutrients food (iron, protein, calcium, and
vitamin); (2) create an educational program designated to inform the
importance of breastfeeding to decrease the morbidity and mortality of
infants; (3) create a 'breastfeeding' center dedicated to the socialization
of food-for-breastfeed program and the food rations stockpile inside the
refugee shelters; (4) appeal for a coordination program with the World
Food Programme and UNIFEM to assist the implementation of the
program and to send experts and volunteers.
in depth research to find more substantial/effective food packaging
for the refugees
new mechanism for administering the run of the refugee camps: (1)
the board of administrator consists of representatives of UNHCR,
refugees, and local government; (2) commitment agreement to run the
refugee campsite with the following division of responsibility: (a)
UNHCR: food distribution, managing the design of the refugee campsite
(b) refugees: conducting the surveillance of the refugees, (c) the
security and safety of the refugee camps
issuing a statement of acknowledgment to the existence of
humanitarian NGO in the refugee campsite and recognizing the holistic
mission of the assigned NGO in order to secure the well being of the
humanitarian workers from the expulsion of the the local government
requesting the local government to provide security measures for the
humanitarian workers in order to be protected from the militas, local
conflicts, movement rebels, and any threats that will hinder the
humanitarian workers from fulfilling their duties

WFP expands Protracted Relief and
Recovery Operation in 2009
Giving out cash-value food vouchers
General food distribution, international
health programs protect the nutritional
status
Changing rations to parallel a diet that is
more balanced and high energy
requesting the local government to provide security measures for the
humanitarian workers in order to be protected from the militas, local
conflicts, movement rebels, and any threats that will hinder the
humanitarian workers from fulfilling their duties
efficient camp sites: (1) designing more effective and efficient shelter
area for the refugees by (a) modifying the tents to be more
environmental friendly, (b) championing the smallholder farm inside
the refugee camp to create a sustainable livelihood, and (c) creating a
better sanitation system to decrease the number of the disease
outbreak and to finally improve the quality of life; (2) portioning out
the capacity of refugee camps and the population of refugees in camps,
followed by a migration program of the refugees to the designated
camps in regards with the condition of overpopulated refugee camp; (3)
proposing to have more areas to shelter the refugees with the
permission of the host countries and in line with the Environmental
Guidelines
improving the public health service inside the refugee camps: (1)
renovating the public health infrastructure to be more equipped with
pertinent medical technology; (2) promoting the hygienic environment
in order to prevent the outburst of infectious diseases with the existing
WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene) promotion program; (3) providing
training for local medical personnel to be more adept with the
emergency situation
national health insurance scheme: (1) sponsoring the funding for the
refugees to have direct access to the national insurance scheme
provided by the host government; (2) prior to the implementation of
the funding, UNHCR along with the WHO will assess the existing
national health insurance scheme of the host countries
baca lagi study guide
IDEM
giving the condoms alongside with the food rations distribution
especially designated for the refugees at their sexually active ages
disseminating AIDS information program to the local people to change
the stigma of AIDS and its infected refugees with focus group
discussions
creating a food aid pool system with UNHCR as the authority to: (a)
ensuring the adequacy of food aid supply in order to fulfil the
increasing demands from the refugees worldwide; (b) give donor
countries mandate to supply proportionate food aid for the particular
refugees, especially considering the different culture and background of
the refugees worldwide

Refugees need to be educated on how to
prepare the unfamiliar foods
creating a food aid pool system with UNHCR as the authority to: (a)
ensuring the adequacy of food aid supply in order to fulfil the
increasing demands from the refugees worldwide; (b) give donor
countries mandate to supply proportionate food aid for the particular
refugees, especially considering the different culture and background of
the refugees worldwide

Treating different refugees with equal and allocating equitable food rations fulfilling the minimum 2100 calories
per day with the consideration of different needs of some refugees
equitable food rations especially the children, pregnant women, and lactating women

Action from UNHCR Possible Solutions

Inclusion of the planting plot near the

camp for the production of vegetables

Attempts to transport and distribute fuel

woods from more remote areas

NGO has to initiate additional health

program
Invested in environmental restoration and
initiated Community Environmental Action
Plans

Settlement-level monitoring and remote

sensing programs (UNHCR - FRAME)

Retaining biodiversity and protecting

refugee populations (UNHCR - SAFRON)

Clear existing trees and create new

drainage system
Reduce the utilization of uplands and
increase self-suffiency and productivity in
refugee camps

International Union for Conservation of

Nature identify non-timber forest products
Increase the self-sufficiency of refugee
camps
Simultaneously lowering the amount of
land necessary for farming
bisa digabung
bisa digabung
CONDITIONS IN AND FROM GHANA
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES
HARVARD NATIONAL MODEL UN 2011
REPUBLIC OF GHANA

No. Countries Camps Cases Found

1 Togo Different report of the number of refugees
Reasons to flee: chieftancy dispute in Ghana

Tandjouare Reasons to flee: ethnic clashes in two communities

2 Ghana Refugees are not required to carry identifications

Refugees are allowed to apply work permits (in
formal sectors only)

Refugees are enrolled in national health insurance

scheme and provided access to health care

General: Repatriation of Liberians

Buduburam,
Krisan, Volta
Region, and Repatriation of Togolese
suburb of Accra

Repatriation of Sierra Leonean

3,000 Liberian refugees and asylum seekers resided

outside the Buduburam settlement

Buduburam 1 case of defilement and 23 domestic violence cases

6 cases of physical child abuse and 3 of domestic
Krisan violence were reported
Returning 8000 Ghanaian returnees from Libya,
Morocco, Spain, Italy and Malaysia
UNHCR Actions
No database but trying to confirm Ghana is the party of these international conventions:
between two officials

Ministry of Togo is trying to pacify the

disputes 1. 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967
protocol

2. the 1969 African Union Convention Governing the Specific

Aspects of the Refugee Problem in Africa
UNHCR supports the fundings

UNHCR formed a tripartite committee to

facilitate the safe and voluntary return of
Liberians 3. the 1954 Convention on Stateless Persons and the 1961
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
UNHCR facilitated the voluntary
repatriation of 4,383 Togolese
UNHCR facilitated the voluntary
repatriation with the Ministry of
Immigration
UNHCR conducted an exercise to verify
the number and nationalities of the
refugees and asylum seekers residing in
urban areas

Facilitated by NADMO
onventions:

f Refugees and its 1967

erning the Specific

ns and the 1961

ess