Scientific Paper Format (ALL)

Southville International School and Colleges
Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740
SAMPLE TITLE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

(SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 12 WORDS)
A Scientific Paper Presented to the Department of Science

In Partial Fulfillment
of Grade 9 Chemistry
Name of Student
Grade 9- Section
Academic Year 2019-2020

Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 i
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of Chemistry Grade 9 requirements, a scientific paper
entitled Title of Scientific Paper, prepared and submitted by Name of Student who is
hereby approved and certified for oral defense.
________________________________
Mr. Mark Ernest M. Isabelo
Chemistry Teacher
Committee on Oral Defense
__________________________ __________________________
Name of Panelist Name of Panelist
Panel Member Panel Member
________________________________
Name of Panel Chairperson
Panel Chairperson
Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 ii
Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank God Almighty for giving me the
strength, knowledge, ability and opportunity to undertake this research study and to
persevere and complete it satisfactorily. Without his blessings, this achievement would
not have been possible.
I would also like to thank Southville International School and Colleges for
giving me an opportunity to study while working, and for the scholarship that has been
granted to me for my Scientific Paper.
I would like to thank other people and a whole.

Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 iv
ABSTRACT
150-300 word abstract should include summary of the paper

Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEETS i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction x
Conceptual Framework x
Statement of the Problem x
Hypotheses x
Assumptions x
Significance of the Study x
Scope and Limitation x
Definition of Terms x
Review of Related Literature x
II. METHODOLOGY
Materials x
Procedure x
Experimental Set-up x
Flow Chart x
Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 vi
Statistical Treatment of Data x
III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA x
Table 1. x
Table 2. x
Table 3. x
IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS x
Summary x
Major Findings x
Conclusions x
Recommendations x
REFERENCES x
APPENDIX A Title of Appendix A x
APPENDIX B Title of Appendix B x
APPENDIX C Title of Appendix C x
APPENDIX D Title of Appendix D x
APPENDIX E Title of Appendix E x
APPENDIX F Title of Appendix F x
APPENDIX G Title of Appendix G x

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the Introduction, Conceptual Framework, the Statement of
the Problem, Hypotheses, Significance of the Study, the Scope and Limitation, Definition
of Terms, and Review of Related Literature.
Introduction
Should basically cover the following:
1. Background information about the problem
2. Previous researches about the study
3. Researcher’s reason for choosing the topic/research
This paragraph usually starts with any of the following:
The researcher chose this topic because . . .
The researcher became interested to pursue the topic because . . .
The researcher believes that . . .

Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740 2
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Conceptual Framework
For Difference For Relationship
For Impact
Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The study…
Statement of the Problem
The statement of the problem should then reflect the research problems following
the conditions below:
• Should be based on the conceptual framework.
• Should frame questions in such a way that details are mentioned. Also, that each
question is INDEPENDENT because each question should answer one particular
area of the study. However, these questions should also be INTERDEPENDENT.
Each question should contribute to addressing the research problem.
• The experimentation should be aligned with the statement of the problem.

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Example:
The study aims to find out the Effect of Different Concentrations of Chitosan
Coating on the Post-Harvest Shelflife of Mangoes
Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:
1. SOP 1
2. SOP 2
3. SOP 2
Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a tentative, testable assertion regarding the occurrence of certain
behaviors, phenomena, or events; a prediction of study outcomes.
Ho: There is no significant _____________ between/among the ___________
and ____________.
Assumptions of the Study
An Assumption is an important assertion presumed to be true but not actually
verified; major assumptions are described in Chapter 1. The following are guidelines
when writing assumptions:
• Should be a realistic expectation. However, no adequate evidence exists to
support this belief. Therefore, this will not be tested in the research.
• Should state the problematic situations that may affect the findings of the
study. These situations are then not within the control of the researcher.
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• Should include the assertions of respondents.
Example:
1. The mangoes used in the experiment have relatively similar qualities and similar
degree of freshness.
2. Chitosan obtained and used as coatings will not be any different with the chitosan
purchased from laboratories.
3. The age of the mussel shells used will ot affect the amount of chitosan extracted
from it.
4. The amount of chitosan extracted is adequate enough to see possible effects.
Significance of the Study
The Significance of the Study convinces readers the benefits of the research. The
guidelines of this component of the research are:
• Should show the groups of people who will benefit from the study
• Should discuss the benefits that these groups will get from the study
Example:
Parents. The study may help the parents gain insight on how their habits may affect
their children’s habits later in life.
Students. The study may benefits students …..

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Scope and Limitation
The Scope and Limitation gives the breadth and width of the research. The following are
expected inputs that this should include:
• Should indicate the limitations and constraints of the study.
• Should define when and where the study was conducted.
• Should include the area of study, time frame, specific respondents.
Definition of Terms
The Definition of Terms is similar to a glossary where has a complete list of
words/terms and their meanings. The guidelines for writing the definition of terms are as
follows:
• Should mention how the variable will be measured.
• Should include the words used in the study as well as their OPERATIONAL
definition (not their dictionary definition; but how the words apply to the context
of the research).
• Should include the important terms used in the title, in the variables in the
statement of the problem, the conceptual framework and in the entire study.
• Should start with either “This refers to…” or “This means to…”
• Should never be a direct quote.
• May arrange words/terms alphabetically.

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Example:
Smoking Habits. This refers to the frequency, quantity, reason and venue of
smoking. In this research, this will be measured through --------.
Decision to smoke. This refers to the choice of smoking or not in the future. In
this research, this will be measured through -----------.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The following are the guidelines when writing chapter RRL:
• Should include studies which are related in purpose, method or findings to
current study.
• Should be a synthesis of related studies and literature. It should then provide a
transition from past studies to present one.
• Should show how the present study relates to the earlier studies by mentioning
research objectives and findings in the past.
• Should include all related foreign and local studies.
• Should observe proper citations of reviewed literature following the APA 6th
format.
• Should adhere to the acceptable similarity index (Turn-it-In) of
 30% for High School;
• Potential Sources of Literature
 Library catalogues, journals
 Published bibliographies
 Electronic databases
 Books on the topic
 Reference lists
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Example:
This part discusses the summary of the reading on related literature and abstract
of related studies, which have significant bearing on the present study.
Conceptual Literature
This part of the review of related literature discusses key concepts about and
related to the variables in the study. The connection between the variables in the study
should be established in this part. There should be a minimum of ten (10) sources used in
conceptual literature.
Research Literature
This part of the review of related literature shows studies similar to the research
whether having similar or contrasting results. There should be a minimum of ten (10)
sources used in the research literature, regardless of the results.
Synthesis
This part gives a summary and a critical analysis of the sources gathered.
Example:
The researcher aimed to identify the Factors on Motivation that Contribute Job
Satisfaction of Employees at Max’s Restaurant at Pasay City.
The review of related literature helped the researcher gained information and
added insights about the topic. Based on the literature, Job Satisfaction is the attitude
toward the job. The researcher aims to identify The Financial factors that influence the
Job Satisfaction of Employees at Max’s Restaurant at Pasay City.

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The study presented by Profiles of the factors on financial that contribute to the
job satisfaction of the employees in a certain organization through survey. Job
Satisfaction is simply how people feel about their jobs. It is the extent of which people
like or dislike their jobs. Some factors that contribute to job satisfaction are rewards,
performance and working conditions.
Based from the study of Dahmer (2002), the National Restaurant Association
(NRA) indicates that restaurant industry; complaints about service far exceed complaints
about food or atmosphere. When the restaurants ask to name their biggest complaint
about their services the speed of service and inattentive staff was mentioned.
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter talks about the materials that were used in the study, the procedure
followed by the researcher, the experimental set-up, and the statistical treatment of data
to interpret the results gathered from the experimentation.
Materials
This study used the following materials and equipment:
A. Materials (list down the amount used & concentration of chemicals used in
alphabetical order; separate solid from liquid)
6 g flour
10 mL 10 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
B. Equipment/Apparatus (list down the name and quantity)
10 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask
2 500 mL Volumetric flask
Procedure
 in paragraph form, use passive voice
 if the experiment involves several stages, discuss the procedure for each stage
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Example:
A. Preparation of the (Materials)- ex. Water Samples, Plants, Plant Extracts
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
B. Preparation of the (Independent Variable) – ex. Plant Extract,
Extraction of the Active Ingredient/Component
C. Treatment of the Samples
(procedure for testing your independent variable)
(discuss amount used, experimental and control set-ups)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
D. Data Gathering
(how will you gather the data? What will you measure? How long is the
period of observation)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Flowchart (shows a schematic diagram of the procedure)
Set-up (shows a labeled diagram of the experimental and control set-up)
Statistical Treatment of Data
This part enumerates the different statistical treatment used to analyze the
gathered data. The formulas and tables for interpretation should be placed here, but not
as pictures.
Example:
The data that was obtained from the participants were gathered, tallied, tabulated
and summarized by the researcher. In-depth analysis and interpretation in consonance
with the problem and objectives was formulated. The following statistical tools were used
through Microsoft Excel:
1. Arithmetic Mean was used to measure the central tendency which help in
determining the difference between variation on the group’ gender, teaching

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levels, number of years in teaching, number of years in the institution, and
pretest/posttest anxiety score. The formula for arithmetic mean is:
∑𝑥
𝑋̅ =
𝑁
2. Pearson r Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationship
between the sociability and time spent with parents. The formula for Pearson r
is:
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
𝑟=
√(𝑛 ∑ 𝑥2 − (∑ 𝑥2 )(𝑛 ∑ 𝑦2 − (∑ 𝑦)2
The interpretation for Pearson r is seen on table __.
Table __
Interpretation for Pearson r
r Strength of Relationship
0.00-0.20 Negligible
0.21-0.40 Low or Slight
0.41-0.70 Moderate
0.71-0.90 High
0.91-0.99 Very High
1 Perfect
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3. Test on Significance on the Coefficient of Correlation was used to
determine the significance of the relationship between the sociability and time
spent with parents. The formula is:
𝑛−2
𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟2
Chapter 3
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the answers to the specific questions.
• Specific Question No. __ : _______________________
• Presentation of Data (through chart or table)
• Analysis and Interpretation of Data
• Present similar studies to substantiate findings of SOP
Example:
This chapter presents the tabulation of data that were collected, the statistical
analysis, and the interpretation of the data. This chapter entails the discussion of the
problems by means of data analysis and interpretations.
(Note: On this template, SOP1 was already placed in the next page as not to cut
the table. If the table or figure for SOP1 can still fit in the page, retain the SOP1 on the
same page.)
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Specific Question # 1:
Table 1: ______________________
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Treatment 3
Table 1 shows that the ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
This means that the _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Table 2: ______________________
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Treatment 3
Table 1 shows that the ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
This means that the _________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Table 3: ______________________
To determine if there’s a significant difference between the __________________
in terms of ___________________________,( t-test / ANOVA) was used.
α p-value t-crit / t-stat / decision Interpretation

F-crit F-stat
0.05 Accept / There is/
reject Ho there is no
significant
difference
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this chapter, the summary and conclusions are discussed based on the results
obtained in conducting the study. The researcher also included recommendations for
future researches to be conducted related to the present study.
Summary
This part summarizes the entire study with the variables, research design,
participants of the study, nature of the questionnaire, and statistical treatment used to
analyze the gathered data.
Major Findings
This part should present major findings based on the questionnaire. Usually, all
the important numerical figures are listed.
Example:
Based on the gathered data, the following are the major findings:
1. In measuring parental presence, the indicator “I respect my parents” had the
highest mean of 4.43.
2. In measuring parental presence, the indicator “My parent(s) attend school
events often” had the lowest mean of 2.71.
3. In measuring sociability, the indicator “I enjoy exchanging experiences, ideas
and views with different kinds of people” had the highest mean of 3.79.
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4. In measuring sociability, the indicator “I do not feel nervous when I am placed
in a crowd” had the lowest mean of 2.96.
5. With an r = 0.32 and an r2 = 0.10, the strength of the relationship is low or
slight.
6. With the p = 0.000731 < 0.05 level of significance, there is sufficient evidence
to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusions
Conclusions should answer the specific questions and should be aligned with the
statement of the problem.
Example:
Based on the results of the research, the following were concluded:
1. The extent of parental presence of Grade 11 students from Southville
International School and Colleges is high.
2. The extent of sociability of Grade 11 students from Southville International
School and Colleges is moderate.
3. There is a significant relationship between the extent of parental presence and
the extent of sociability of Grade 11 students from Southville International
School and Colleges.

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Recommendations
This part gives suggestions on how improvement can be done to the study by
future researchers.
Example:
Based on the results of this research, the following recommendations were made for
future researchers:
1. Future researchers should try to find more efficient and effective ways to measure
sociability and parental presence.
2. Future researchers should search for more accurate definitions for the variables,
for it may give them difficulty in searching for related researches to use as a basis.
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REFERENCES
( Alphabetize all entries )
•Start the reference list on a new page.

• The word ‘Reference’ should appear in
upper case and lower case letters; centered.
• Double space all reference entries.
• Cited references in the research paper should be arranged alphabetically
Alvarez, E., Puliafico, A., Leonte, K. G., & Albano, A. (2019, April). Psychotherapy for
anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Retrieved from
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/psychotherapy-for-anxiety-disorders-in-
children-and-adolescents
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APPENDIX
(This is where you put your raw data, computations from Excel, sample questionnaire,
and TurnInIt results – at most, 30% similarity)

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APPENDIX A
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APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
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APPENDIX D
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APPENDIX E
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APPENDIX F

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Southville International School and Colleges

Luxembourg St., BF Homes International, Las Piñas City 1740

SAMPLE TITLE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

A Scientific Paper Presented to the Department of Science

Academic Year 2019-2020

In partial fulfillment of Chemistry Grade 9 requirements, a scientific paper

hereby approved and certified for oral defense.

Committee on Oral Defense

not have been possible.

granted to me for my Scientific Paper.

I would like to thank other people and a whole.

150-300 word abstract should include summary of the paper

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Statement of the Problem x

Significance of the Study x

Scope and Limitation x

Review of Related Literature x

Statistical Treatment of Data x

III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA x

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS x

APPENDIX A Title of Appendix A x

APPENDIX B Title of Appendix B x

APPENDIX C Title of Appendix C x

APPENDIX D Title of Appendix D x

APPENDIX E Title of Appendix E x

APPENDIX F Title of Appendix F x

APPENDIX G Title of Appendix G x

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the Introduction, Conceptual Framework, the Statement of

of Terms, and Review of Related Literature.

Should basically cover the following:

1. Background information about the problem

2. Previous researches about the study

3. Researcher’s reason for choosing the topic/research

This paragraph usually starts with any of the following:

The researcher chose this topic because . . .

The researcher became interested to pursue the topic because . . .

The researcher believes that . . .

For Difference For Relationship

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The study…

Statement of the Problem

the conditions below:

• Should be based on the conceptual framework.

question is INDEPENDENT because each question should answer one particular

area of the study. However, these questions should also be INTERDEPENDENT.

Each question should contribute to addressing the research problem.

• The experimentation should be aligned with the statement of the problem.

Coating on the Post-Harvest Shelflife of Mangoes

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

A hypothesis is a tentative, testable assertion regarding the occurrence of certain

behaviors, phenomena, or events; a prediction of study outcomes.

Ho: There is no significant _____________ between/among the ___________

Assumptions of the Study

An Assumption is an important assertion presumed to be true but not actually

when writing assumptions:

• Should be a realistic expectation. However, no adequate evidence exists to

• Should include the assertions of respondents.

purchased from laboratories.

4. The amount of chitosan extracted is adequate enough to see possible effects.

Significance of the Study

guidelines of this component of the research are:

their children’s habits later in life.

Ho: There is no significant ___ between/among the _

• Specific Question No. : _____________________