GS-PPA Manual PDF

550-350-007
GS-1000 plus VOC

Gasoline Analyzer
Operating Manual
P/N MAN GS-1000 Plus VOC Version 2
300 Bammel Westfield Road • Houston, Texas 77090 • USA

Telephone: (281) 580-0339 • (800) 444-8378 • FAX: (281) 580-0719
e-mail: sales@paclp.com • web site: http://www.paclp.com
PETROSPEC GS-1000 PLUS VOC | OPERATING M A N U A L
THIS MANUAL CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION…

…which is the property of PAC. This manual and all information disclosed herein shall not be used to manufacture,
construct, or fabricate the goods disclosed herein; shall not be exploited or sold; shall not be copied or otherwise
reproduced in whole or in part and shall not be revealed or disclosed to others or in any manner made public without
the express written permission of PAC.
REVISION HISTORY
Rev Description Release Date
Ver 1 First release –
Ver 2 Updates to format and content April, 2004
Copyright ©2004, by PAC, Houston, Texas.

Printed in the United States of America
All rights reserved.
Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form
without permission of the copyright owner.
04.01.04
ii
PETROSPEC GS-1000 PLUS VOC | OPERATING M A N U A L TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
General ...................................................................................................................... 1
Damage Claims .......................................................................................................... 1
Return Shipping ......................................................................................................... 1
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) ........................................................................... 1
SECTION 2
GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 3
FOR BEST RESULTS FROM YOUR GS-1000 FUEL ANALYZER ......................................... 3
Tips For Properly Maintaining Your PetroSpec GS Series Instrument ............................ 3
Factory Default Settings ............................................................................................. 5
Sample Care And Preparation ..................................................................................... 6
Collecting And Storing A Retained Sample For Calibration Updating ............................... 6
Collecting And Analyzing Sample For Updating Gs Series Instrument .............................. 6
Updating Instruments .............................................................................................................. 6
Periodic Instrument Performance Validation by Control Charting ............................... 6
SECTION 3: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 11
Product Features ...................................................................................................... 11
The Technology ........................................................................................................ 11
Accessories Included ................................................................................................ 13
Parts and Accessories Available ................................................................................. 14
SECTION 4
BASIC OPERATING INFORMATION ............................................................................ 15
Safety ....................................................................................................................... 15
Controls ................................................................................................................... 15
The Power Switch .................................................................................................... 15
The Display .............................................................................................................. 15
The Keypad .............................................................................................................. 15
The Power Connection ............................................................................................. 15
The RS-232 Communication Port .............................................................................. 15
The Parallel Printer Port ............................................................................................ 15
GS-1000 Front and Back Panels............................................................................... 16
Fixed Arm Sample Induction System......................................................................... 17
Filter Housing .......................................................................................................... 17
Operate/Clean Switch ............................................................................................... 18
Cleaning Bottle Pressure Port ................................................................................... 18
Sample Input Port ..................................................................................................... 19
Sample Waste Port .................................................................................................... 20
TOC-1
SECTION 5
ANALYZING FUEL WITH THE GS-1000 PLUS VOC ...................................................... 21
Setting Up the GS-1000 ............................................................................................ 21
Sample Preparation .................................................................................................. 21
Analyzing Samples — Quick Start Using the AUTO Function .................................... 22
Results Screens ......................................................................................................... 24
Mahalanobis Distance And Extrapolated Results ........................................................ 25
SECTION 6 ANALYZER SET-UP FUNCTIONS ................................................................ 27
1. PUMP ................................................................................................................... 27
2. PRINT .......................................................................................................................
3. TIME ..................................................................................................................... 27
4. DEN (Density) ...................................................................................................... 28
5. VER (Version) ........................................................................................................ 28
6. VOC ..................................................................................................................... 28
7. Bias ...................................................................................................................... 29
8. UNIT .................................................................................................................... 30
Determining Weight Percent Oxygen ...................................................................... 30
SECTION 7
DATA MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................. 31
Logging Analysis Results........................................................................................... 31
Entering Identification Codes ................................................................................... 31
Printing Data ........................................................................................................... 31
Erasing Data ............................................................................................................. 31
Exporting Data ......................................................................................................... 32
SECTION 8
USER UPDATEABLE
CALIBRATION .......................................................................................................... 34
SECTION 9
PRODUCT MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................ 35
Cleaning the GS-1000 .............................................................................................. 35
Sample Induction Cleaning Procedure ..................................................................... 35
Replacing Fuel Filters ............................................................................................... 40
TOC-2
APPENDIX 1
MESSAGES ............................................................................................................... 41
Extrapolated Result ................................................................................................... 41
Printer Fault Detected, No Connection Or Paper Feed Error..................................... 41
Hydrocarbons Detected, Please Power Down ........................................................... 41
Chopper Wheel Failure Detected .............................................................................. 41
Filter Wheel Failure Detected ................................................................................... 41
Source Failure Detected ........................................................................................... 41
APPENDIX 2
GASOLINE SAFETY INFORMATION ............................................................................ 45
Personal Protection Information ............................................................................... 45
Handling And Storage Precautions .......................................................................... 45
Reactivity Data .......................................................................................................... 45
Health Hazard Data .................................................................................................. 45
Acute Effects of Overexposure ............................................................................................. 45
Subchronic and Chronic Effects of Overexposure ............................................................. 45
First Aid And Emergency Procedures ....................................................................... 46
Fire And Explosion Data ........................................................................................... 46
Spill, Leak, And Disposal Procedures......................................................................... 46
Hazard Classification................................................................................................. 46
APPENDIX 3
WARRANTY INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 47
PETROSPEC WARRANTY REGISTRATION FORM ......................................................... 49
PetroSpec Warranty Registration Form ...................................................................... 49
TOC-3
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.
TOC-4
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
General
Thank you for selecting the PetroSpec GS-1000 Gasoline Analyzer for your fuel analysis needs. We
have designed the instrument to be accurate, durable, and easy to use, and we are confident that our
product will perform to your satisfaction. Furthermore, we guarantee our product to be free of defects
in materials and workmanship for a period of one year.
This manual describes the correct operating procedure for the GS-1000 Gasoline Analyzer. The GS-
1000 is a product of PetroSpec, a subsidiary of PAC.
Damage Claims
Thoroughly examine your GS-1000 and all accompanying accessories as soon as they are received.
NOTE: Insist that the carrier’s agent verify the inspection and sign the description.
Immediately notify the delivering agent of damage or loss. This notification may be given either in
person or by telephone. Written confirmation must be mailed within 48 hours. Railroads and motor
carriers are understandably reluctant to make adjustments for damaged merchandise unless it is
inspected and reported promptly.
For technical support and customer service, please call 1-800-444-8378.
Risk of loss of, or damage to, merchandise remains with the buyer. It is the buyer’s responsibility to
file a claim with the carrier involved.
Contact PAC Customer Service immediately so that we may assist you.
Return Shipping
All return shipments of PetroSpec products must be prepaid. If the product is damaged, return it in the
original shipping container. PetroSpec will accept no liability for damage caused by improper
packaging. Address all returns to: PAC, 300 Bammel Westfield Road, Houston, TX 77090.
Please call PAC in advance, or enclose a detailed letter stating why you are returning your analyzer.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Gasoline vapors and vehicle exhaust contain volatile organic compounds that react in the atmosphere
in the presence of sunlight and heat to produce ozone, a major componenet of smog. Through the 1990
amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA), Congress mandated that the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is responsible to regulate gasoline sold in certain areas to reduce vehicle emissions of
such compounds. Thus the EPA developed the complex model (defined by EPA 40 CFR Ch. 1 [7-1-96
Edition] § 80.45 Complex emissions model), a method by which VOC content can be measured, and
reduction monitored.
The GS1000 Plus VOC uses the complex model to calculate the total VOC (mg/mile) based on the
operator entered values of RVP (psig) and sulfur content (ppm), along with predicted values of oxygen
(wt.%), aromatic (vol.%), and olefin content (vol.%), as well as E200 (%) and E300 (%) predictions.
The total VOC value is compared to a specified baseline gasoline (defined by region, season, and phase
of the fuel being tested) to determine the percent reduction of the fuel sample.
1
2
SECTION 2
GENERAL INFORMATION
WARNING! READ ALL SAFETY AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE

OPERATING
This product must not be operated near the highly combustible environment of a fuel storage tank, vent,
fill opening or dispensing systems.
Fuel samples for analysis must be stored and handled in a closed container. Gasoline and gasoline
vapors can create serious environmental, health, and fire hazards. It is the buyer’s responsibility to
operate this product according to the instructions found in this manual.
For Best Results From Your Gs-1000 Fuel Analyzer

Caution: Do not attempt to use a cracked, chipped, damaged, or incompatible fuel sample
container with the GS-1000 fuel analyzer. The GS-1000 pumps gasoline through the use of
compressed air — use of such containers may risk damage to the fuel delivery system or
cause fuel to spill.
1. Tighten the sample bottle securely to the sample input port.

2. Replace the fuel filter every 50-75 fuel samples, and make sure that the fuel filter has not slipped
during installation and that the fuel filter cap is tight.
3. Keep all tube fittings in good condition and replace any kinked tubing.
4. Always keep fuel samples covered. Evaporation will change the composition of the fuel and
may affect the measured results.
5. The instrument will give best results after a thirty-minute warm-up time.
6. Operate the instrument at temperatures between 60° and 90° F (15° and 32° C).
7. Operate the instrument on a secure, stationary surface.
Tips For Properly Maintaining Your PetroSpec GS Series

Instrument
1. When instrument is received, turn it on, warm it up for 30 minutes, and check the performance
with a check standard. Check standards that are traceable to the factory validation of the
instrument can be purchased from PAC. BTGS-17011 Check Standard with Ethanol, or BTGS-
17022 Check Standard with MTBE. Call for pricing and availability. PetroSpec recommends
the users of this instrument periodically validate the performance of the instrument by
constructing a control chart using a check standard. The procedure for developing a control
chart is presented on page 10.
2. Be sure that the sample bottles are in good condition. Cracks could cause a premature pressure
release that may invalidate the measurement. Chips on the top lip of the bottle not only can
cause a loss of pressure, but they also can damage the gasket on the sample input port.
3. Never leave fuel in the instrument for an extended period of time. Always pump the fuel out
of analyzer by running a sample with an empty bottle. A good practice to use is to flush the
system with petroleum ether and then pump the system dry after the day’s use.
4. Change the fuel filter often. A dirty filter can diminish the flow of the instrument causing
invalid results. If the fuel filter does not seat correctly sediment can bypass the filter and clog
the sample cell.
3
5. If there is a noticeable amount of particles in the fuel sample, pre-filtering the sample using
a 20-micron or less pore size filter paper may be in order.
6. Be sure that the filter housing does not leak. Fuel stains on the left side panel are an indication
that the housing is leaking. A leak not only causes unsightly stains but the leak could also cause
invalid measurements.
7. A minimum flow rate of three milliliters is recommended for proper operation of the
instrument. To check for proper flow, first prime the instrument, (run a sample into the waste
bottle) then, using a graduated cylinder as the waste vessel, run another sample. The pump time
is set at the factory for fifty seconds. If the instrument does not pump a minimum of three
milliliters in this time then the pump can be increased.
NOTE: If 3ml or more of sample flow cannot be obtained in ninety seconds or less, it may
indicate that the instrument needs service.
8. Always use clean bottles to introduce the sample into the instrument. Cross contamination
could occur if the bottles are not clean. Sediment in the bottle can result in a clogged system.
9. Screw the red fuel fittings into the sample input port firmly and be sure not to over-tighten.
A fitting that is too tight could restrict the fuel flow. Use care in tightening the fitting – cross
threading could result in a fuel and or pressure loss that could invalidate the measurement.
If the threads of the RED fitting become stripped or the tubing gets kinked, please call
PetroSpec. We offer replacement tubing kits: Model Number BTGS-1402 for Coaxial Side
Arm: Model Number BTGS-1403 for Boston Round Side Arm.
10. If you have any problems or questions please do not hesitate to call us at 281-580-0339.
4
Factory Default Settings

Your GS-1000 arrives with the following factory preset defaults.
Pump Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Seconds

Print Format ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table Format
Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eastern Standard Time
Density
MeOH ------------------------------------------------------------------- .796
EtOH --------------------------------------------------------------------- .794
TBA ---------------------------------------------------------------------- .792
MTBE -------------------------------------------------------------------- .746
DIPE --------------------------------------------------------------------- .730
ETBE --------------------------------------------------------------------- .745
TAME ------------------------------------------------------------------- .755
GAS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- .742
Version ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revision Dependent
Demo Mode ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Off
Bias
Aromatics -------------------------------------------------------------- 0
Benzene ----------------------------------------------------------------- 0
MTBE -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
MeOH ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
TAME ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
ETBE --------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
EtOH --------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
DIPE --------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
TBA ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
Research Octane Number --------------------------------------- 0
Motor Octane Number -------------------------------------------- 0
VOC
E200 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
E300 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
Volatility
T50 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
T90 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 0
Temperature ---------------------------------------------------------- Location Dependent
Unit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vol%
Total Oxygen --------------------------------------------------------------------- Wt%
NOTE: The Total Oxygen values are expressed in Wt% only and cannot be changed.
5
Sample Care And Preparation

Collecting And Storing A Retained Sample For Calibration Updating
1. Samples should be stored in an amber bottle with a cap that has a conical insert.
2. Bottles must be tightly capped.
3. Store retained samples in an explosion proof refrigerator at 5 degrees Celsius.
4. Opening of the samples should be avoided. The lighter components of the fuel escape every
time the cap is opened. This will change the composition of the fuel.
Collecting And Analyzing Sample For Updating Gs Series Instrument
1. Draw a single sample from the tank or pipeline.
2. Split the sample into appropriately sized containers. Retain a portion of the sample to be used
later for updating. Submit the remaining sample for laboratory analysis. The samples must be
packaged and cared for in accordance with instructions presented in the previous section.
3. The laboratory should analyze the samples immediately to avoid weathering.
Updating Instruments
1. Bring the sample to room temperature.
2. Make sure the fuel filter is clean. Replace the filter if it is tan to brown in color.
3. Set up the instrument as described on page 22.
4. Run a check sample in the GS-1000 before adding fuels. The results for the check sample must
fall within the limits established by the instrument control chart (page 8). Repeat the analysis
of check standard if the sample results fall outside the control limits. If the results for the check
sample continue to fall outside the control limits call PetroSpec Customer Service. It is very
important to make sure the unit is operating properly before adding fuel.
5. Laboratory results must be available before the GS-1000 can be updated. The outside analysis
and sample data will be used to update the instrument.
6. Use the Calibration Update Software to download the absorbance data from the samples that
are to be used for the calibration update. Refer to the Calibration Update Software Manual for
more detailed instructions.
Periodic Instrument Performance Validation by Control

Charting
It is important to periodically monitor the performance of the GS-1000 and to demonstrate that the
current performance is statistically consistent with the historical performance of the instrument.
Constructing a control chart is the best method for validating the performance of the instrument. This
section will describe the procedure for constructing an individual differences control chart.
The control chart is used to plot the difference between the stated property value of a check standard
and the property value determined by the instrument. Since the control chart is plotting the difference
between the expected value and the predicted value, it is not necessary to begin a new control chart
if the expected value for the check standard changes. For example, if the new check standard is from
a different batch.
Benzene is the property used for the example described in this section. The data required for
constructing the control chart for benzene is presented in Table 1.
6
TABLE 1. BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS, IN VOLUME PERCENT

FROM A PETROSPEC CHECK SAMPLE
Date Sample (n) Expected Predicted Diff. (dn ) MR (|dn+1-dn|)

05/21/98 1 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.00
05/28/98 2 2.19 2.21 -0.02 0.02
06/03/98 3 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.02
06/15/98 4 2.19 2.20 -0.01 0.01
06/12/98 5 2.19 2.22 -0.03 0.02
06/17/98 6 2.19 2.18 0.01 0.04
06/24/98 7 2.19 2.22 -0.03 0.04
07/01/98 8 2.19 2.17 0.02 0.05
07/12/98 9 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.02
07/19/98 10 2.19 2.20 -0.01 0.01
07/31/98 11 2.19 2.24 -0.05 0.04
08/08/98 12 2.19 2.20 -0.01 0.04
08/15/98 13 2.19 2.23 -0.04 0.03
08/22/98 14 2.19 2.23 -0.04 0.00
08/30/98 15 2.19 2.23 -0.04 0.00
09/06/98 16 2.19 2.22 -0.03 0.01
09/13/98 17 2.19 2.16 0.03 0.06
09/20/98 18 2.19 2.16 0.03 0.00
09/27/98 19 2.19 2.16 0.03 0.00
10/02/98 20 2.19 2.18 0.01 0.02
10/09/98 21 2.19 2.16 0.03 0.02
10/16/98 22 2.19 2.18 0.01 0.02
10/23/98 23 2.19 2.17 0.02 0.01
11/01/98 24 2.19 2.19 0.00 0.02
The expected value is the certified benzene concentration of the check sample, the predicted value is
the benzene concentration determined using the instrument, and the difference, dn, is the difference
between the expected value and the predicted value for sample n. The value MRn is calculated by taking
the absolute value of the difference between dn and dn-1
Examples:
For the sample number 2 analyzed on 5/28/98,
d2 = 2.19 – 2.21 = -0.02
and
MR2 = |d2 – d 1| = | -0.02 – 0.00| = 0.02.

d6 = 2.19 – 2.18 = 0.01
and
MR6 = |d6 – d5| = |0.01 – (-0.03)| = 0.04.
The upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) are calculated using the equations:
UCL = dave + 2.66*MRave
LCL = dave - 2.66* MR ave
7
The value dave is the running average of the differences dn. For the data listed in Table 1, dave is calculated
by summing the values for d1 through d24 and dividing the sum by 24 yielding the value –0.005. The
value MRave is the running average of the absolute value of the difference between dn and dn-1. In this
example, MRave is calculated by summing the values for MR1 through MR24 and dividing the sum by
24 yielding the value 0.022. The values for UCL and LCL are 0.053 and –0.063, respectively.
Examples:
UCL = [(0.00+(-0.02))/2]+2.66*[(0.00+0.02)/2] = 0.0166
and
LCL = [(0.00+(-0.02))/2]-2.66*[(0.00+0.02)/2] = -0.0366.

UCL = [(0.00+(-0.02)+0.00+(-0.01)+(-0.03)+0.01)]+2.66*[(0.00+0.02+0.02+0.01+
0.02 + 0.04)/6] = 0.0405
and
LCL = [(0.00+(-0.02)+0.00+(-0.01)+(-0.03)+0.01)/6]-2.66*[(0.00+0.02+0.02+0.01+
0.02 + 0.04)/6] = -0.0571.
The graph in Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the data summarized in Table 1 and is called a
control chart, specifically the Individual Differences control chart. The graph is a plot of dn versus the
sample number, n. Each time the control sample is analyzed the difference dn is calculated. If the
difference value, dn, falls within the upper and lower control limits, recalculate the UCL, and LCL, and
plot the new d-value.
Figure 1. Control chart for benzene concentration determination
Benzene Control Chart
0.10
0.08
0.06
UCL
0.04
0.02
0.00
d
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
LCL
-0.08
-0.10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sam ple Num ber
8
If the difference, dn, falls outside the upper or lower control limit, the instrument and/or the check
sample appears to be unstable, and efforts should be made to determine the cause. Check the fuel filter,
and the hose connections to ensure the sample is being properly introduced into the instrument, then
re-analyze the check sample. If the result continues to fall outside the control limits contact PAC
Customer Service.
When adding a check sample result to the control chart, it is important not to bias the statistics by adding
more than one result for each check sample. The interval between check samples is variable but should
not be longer than one week or every 50 samples, whichever interval is shorter, during the initial period
of testing. As the trend of the instrument performance is established, the interval between check
samples can be increased, however the interval should not be more than one month. The more often
the instrument is used, the more often a check sample should be tested.
A control chart should be constructed for every parameter reported by the GS-1000 and recorded by
the user.
Check standards can be purchased directly from PAC. Model numbers BTGS-17011 for ethanol or
BTGS-17022 for MTBE. They come in packs of 5 vials. Call for price and availability.
9
10
SECTION 3: PRODUCT
DESCRIPTION
Product Features
The GS-1000 Gasoline Analyzer provides a fast, accurate analysis of fuel composition in the field or
laboratory. In one simple, two-minute analysis process, the instrument reports the following:
Component Calibration Range
Research Octane Number (RON) 90-101
Motor Octane Number (MON) 80-90
Pump Octane Number (R+M/2) Calculated
Oxygenates:
MTBE 0-20 vol %
ETBE 0-24 vol %
Ethanol 0-15 vol %
Methanol 0-8 vol %
TAME 0-24 vol %
DIPE 0-20 vol %
TBA 0-15 vol %
Total Oxygen Calculated
Benzene 0-5 vol %
Total Aromatics 0-60 vol %
Olefins 0-35 vol %
Saturates Calculated
Toluene 0-25 vol %
Xylene 0-15 vol %
T50 150-265 F
T90 265-360 F
E200 30-70%
E300 75-95%
Total VOC Calculated
VOC Redirection Calculated
Note: The calibration ranges stated above are the ranges found in the standard “factory”
calibration. Certain ranges can be expanded higher and lower via calibration update. Please
call PAC at 281-580-0339 for more information.
The Technology
The GS-1000 Multi-Function Analyzer uses a mid-infrared spectroscopic analysis technique to
differentiate and quantify the individual components in a fuel sample. Every fuel component has a
unique spectral absorbance pattern that contains characteristic absorbance bands. The GS-1000
utilizes a proprietary set of optical band-pass filters to measure the amount of energy that is absorbed
by a fuel sample at these identifying bands. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the
concentration of that component in the fuel sample. The instrument predicts the property value of a
fuel sample using a model that relates the mid-infrared absorbance of the sample to the property value
for the sample. The model is developed using the concentrations and inter-relations of the many
components in a set of calibration samples having defined property values.
The GS-1000 utilizes a thermoelectric temperature control system. The temperature control system
requires an external thermal management system, which consists of a thermal bus, a fan, a thermal
shield, and a heat sink. The thermal bus is mounted on the bottom of the instrument and transfers
thermal energy to or from the optical system to the heat sink, which is located on the right side of the
instrument. The thermal shield covers the thermal bus on the bottom of the instrument.
11
The thermal electric temperature control system may need to heat or cool the GS optical system in order
to maintain the optimum internal temperature. This heating or cooling mode is dependent on the
external temperature. The instrument must obtain thermal equilibrium before accurate
analyses can be made, therefore, a warm up period of 30 minutes (minimum) is required
before running any fuels.
The temperature control system can maintain optimum temperature within the GS-1000 when
external temperature is between 60 and 90 degrees F. In order to maintain this operating range, there
must be free air circulation around the thermal bus and the heat sink. It is important to keep the
immediate area around the heat sink clear of obstructions. It is equally important that the exhaust fan
vents be kept clear and unobstructed.
Product Specifications
Sample Size 5 ml minimum
Data Output 2 lines x 40 character LCDRS-232 serial portParallel printer port
Dimensions 10.5W x 11.0D x 12.5H (inches)
Weight 26 pounds
Operating Temperature Range 60 F - 90 F
Power Requirements 120/240 VAC 50/60 Hz
Property Repeatability Reproducibility Test Method

RON .0022*(X + 2.0) .013*(X + 2) Correlates to D2699
MON .11 .64 Correlates to D2700
R+M/2 .17 .81
Total Aromatics .17*X^.25 .97*X^.25 Correlates to D1319
Total Olefins .019*(X + 11.43) .076*(X + 14.89) Correlates to D1319
Saturates .67 2.8
Total Xylenes .1 .3
*Benzene .021 + (.027*X) .121 + (.012*X) D6277
*MTBE .13 .98 D5845
*EtOH .13 .59 D5845
*TAME .13 1.36 D5845
*ETBE .15 .77 D5845
*DIPE .14 .79 D5845
*TBA .1 .59 D5845
*MeOH .07 .37 D5845
*Wt. % Oxygen .05 .3 D5845
T50 Correlates to D86
T90 Correlates to D86
E200 Correlates to D86
E300 Correlates to D86
*From ASTM Round Robin
12
Accessories Included
Your GS-1000 is shipped with the following accessories:
• 120/240 VAC external power supply
• 4 large (8 oz.) sample bottles
• 4 small (4 oz.) sample bottles
• Calibration Update Manual
• Or Cleaning Cap
• 20 Teflon fuel filters
• Tubing kit
• User Calibration Software CD
• Instrument Database Diskette
• 1 Serial Cable
• GS-1000 Operating Manual
• Accessories Price List
• Certificate Of Compliance
WARNING: Only use the 120/240 VAC external power supply designated for the GS-1000
series instruments.
For your convenience, the following accessories are available directly from PetroSpec:
• Sample bottles
• Replacement fuel filters
• Replacement tubing kits
• Air shippable carrying case
• Replacement 120/240 VAC external power supply
• Instrument Check Standards
The following page contains a complete list of GS accessories. For pricing and ordering information,
please call PAC at 281-580-0339.
13
Parts and Accessories Available

PETROSPEC ACCESSORIES AND PARTS
Description Model
Large 8 oz., Glass Bottles w/ Plastic Armor (Box of 5) BTGS-1301
Small 4 oz., Glass Bottles clear w/o Plastic Armor (Case of 24) BTGS-1320
Small 4 oz., French Square Bottles (Case of 24) BTGS-1325

Fits Boston Round Cap
Glass Vials 20 ml., Clear w/o Plastic Armor (Case of 100) BTGS-1330
Teflon Fuel Filters (Pack of 20) BTGS-1420
Tubing & Compression Fittings for Co-axial Cap (Set of 4) BTGS-1402
Tubing & Compression Fittings for Boston Round Cap (Set of 4) BTGS-1403
Power Supply & Cord for GS-360 & GS-500 BTGS-1501

Power Supply & Cord for GS-1000 (120/240 VAC) BTGS-1240
(Auto Switching for International Use)
Auto Cigarette Lighter Adapter (For use with GS-360 &GS-500) BTGS-1503
Auto Cigarette Lighter Adapter (For use with GS-1000) BTGS-1504
Surge Protector BTGS-1510

Soft-Sided Carrying Case BTGS-1702
Gasoline Analyzer Check Standard with Ethanol BTGS-17011

Gasoline Analyzer Check Standard with MTBE BTGS-17022
(Five 20 ml Vials) Suitable for GS-1000
GS-360, GS-500, GS-1000PlusVOC series
Boston round bottle threaded ring and gasket for BTGS-BRSIA

fixed arm assembly. Fits GPI 33-400 bottle thread
14
SECTION 4
BASIC OPERATING INFORMATION
Safety
The GS-1000 should not be operated near the highly combustible environment of an underground fuel
storage tank, vent, fill opening, or dispensing system. The GS-1000 contains a hydrocarbon sensor that
can detect potentially explosive levels of gasoline vapors. If dangerous levels are detected, the GS-1000
will automatically shut off all power to its infrared source and will alert the user to power down the
instrument.
Controls
The GS-1000 is designed to be easy to use. This section will familiarize you with the few buttons and
connections that will enable you to use the GS-1000 to its fullest capacity.
The Power Switch

The power switch turns the GS-1000 on and off. Upon powering up, the instrument completes an
initialization and self-diagnostic procedure that takes approximately five minutes. This period also
allows the infrared filament source within the GS-1000 optical system to warm up. Although the
instrument can be used immediately after the initialization period, for best results it is recom-
mended that a minimum warm-up period of 30 minutes be observed.
The Display
The GS-1000 features a 2 line x 40 character back-lit LCD display. All analysis results and menu choices
are shown on the display. When the displayed information does not fit onto one screen, the arrow keys
are used to scroll through multiple screens of data.
The Keypad
The GS-1000 keypad features 12 numerical keys (left side) and 8 control keys (right side). The
numerical keys are used primarily to enter menu choices. The control keys are used to verify menu
selections, scroll through analysis results screens, and for data management.
The Power Connection

The power connection is located on the rear panel of the GS-1000. Power is supplied by the 120/240
VAC external power supply shipped with the unit. Only use power supplies designated for use with
the GS-1000 or GS-1000 series of instruments.
The RS-232 Communication Port

The RS-232 serial port is located on the rear panel of the GS-1000. The RS-232 serial port allows the
user to download data from the GS-1000 to a computer. For more information see Section 7, Data
Management.
The Parallel Printer Port

The parallel printer port allows analysis reports to be printed directly from the GS-1000 to any parallel
printer compatible with the Centronics protocol.
15
GS-1000 Front and Back Panels
Fixed Arm Sample Induction System

16
Fixed Arm Sample Induction System
(Fixed Arm Features photo)
Filter Housing
The filter housing contains the fuel filter disc. To access the filter, simply unscrew the knurled screw
and lift up on the hinged filter housing top plate. If the filter housing is dry the filter may become difficult
to remove. To aid in the ease of filter removal PetroSpec recommends that a fuel sample be run on the
instrument prior to changing the fuel filter.
NOTE: Be sure that the sample bottle is disconnected from the sample input port when
replacing the fuel filter. The pressurized fuel in the sample bottle will flow during fuel filter
replacement if the sample bottle is still attached.
Be sure to close the filter housing and tighten the knurled screw after the filter has been replaced and
before running fuel samples.
17
Operate/Clean Switch
The Fixed Arm Sample Induction System features a Operate / Clean toggle switch. The purpose of the
toggle switch is to allow the user to easily and effectively clean the sample induction system of the
analyzer. The switch must be in the up position for normal fuel sampling operations. With the switch
in the up position the instrument will pressurize the fuel sample bottle to allow adequate fuel flow for
the test being performed. Placing the switch in the down position will redirect the pressure to the quick
disconnect fitting located on the left side panel of the instrument for cleaning operations. Please refer
to the cleaning instructions on page 35 for additional information on cleaning the instrument’s sample
induction system.
Warning: Running fuel samples without the fuel filter being installed may result in a
clogged Sample Induction System.
Cleaning Bottle Pressure Port

The pressure port is use during cleaning operations. Use the Cleaning Cap located in the accessory kit
when cleaning operations are performed. The pressure hose must be connected to the pressure port
on the side panel of the instrument during this operation. Please refer to the figure below for proper
cleaning set up.
Fuel analyzer set up for cleaning operation
18
Sample Input Port

Fuel samples are introduced into the analyzer via the Sample Input Port. There are two styles of Sample
Input Ports available from PetroSpec.
The most common option is the Coaxial Sample Input Port. The Coaxial Sample Input Port is designed
to accommodate sample bottles with GPI thread sizes 22-400 or 45-400. The second option is the
Boston Round Sample Input Port. This port accommodates bottles with a GPI thread size of 33-400.
Please refer to the chart below for the Sample Input Port Options and the mating sample bottles that
are available from PetroSpec.
Sample Port Type Thread Size Sample Bottles Available Part Number
Coaxial Sample Input Port 22-400 20 ml vial BTGS-1330 (Case of 100)
4 oz clear bottle BTGS-1320 (Case of 24)
8 oz amber bottle with armor BTGS-1301 (Case of 5)
Boston Round Sample Input Port 33-400 4 oz French Square bottle BTGS-1325 (Case of 24)
For best results, fill the sample bottle at least ¾ full of gasoline sample. Be sure to use the proper dip
tube for the sample bottle selected. Screw the sample bottle firmly onto the Sample Input Port but to
avoid breakage do not over-tighten.
Be sure to select the correct length dip tube to match the chosen sample bottle.
19
Sample Waste Port

Connect the amber waste bottle to the Sample Waste Port. To avoid bottle breakage, do not over-tighten.
Standard sample run set-up
20
SECTION 5
ANALYZING FUEL
WITH THE GS-1000 PLUS VOC
Setting Up the GS-1000

The GS-1000 is factory calibrated and is ready to use. Power is supplied through the 120/240VAC
external power supply. Plug the power supply into the power socket on the rear of the GS-1000 and
turn the power switch to the ON position. The GS-1000 will perform a five-minute self-test and
initialization procedure, followed by a 25-minute warm-up period in which the screen will be flashing.
After the warm-up period the main menu will stop flashing.
During the initialization/warm-up period, the condition of the fuel filter should be checked and
replaced if necessary (See Section 9: Product Maintenance).
NOTE: Best results will be obtained if the analyzer is allowed to warm up for at least 30
minutes. If the instrument is momentarily shut down after the 25-minute warm-up has
taken place due to a fuel spill or any other reason then the 25 minute warm-up period can
be overridden simply by pressing the (1) AUTO KEY.
Sample Preparation
All fuel samples for analysis must be in a container that is compatible with the GS-1000 fuel delivery
system. There are two Fixed Arm Induction options. The most common option is the coaxial Fixed
Arm Induction Port. The Coaxial Fixed Arm Induction Port is designed to accommodate sample
bottles with GPI thread sizes 22-400 or 45-400. The second option is the Boston Round Fixed Arm
Induction Port. The Boston Round Fixed Arm Induction Port accommodates bottles with a GPI thread
size of 33-400. A minimum sample size of 5 ml is required for analysis. However, best results are
obtained with relatively full sample containers.
Standard sample run set up.
21
Analyzing Samples — Quick Start Using the AUTO Function

Verify that the sample and waste fuel bottles are properly connected. Attach the appropriate sample
inlet tube, based on the size of your sample container, to the Sample Input Port (see figure on page 17).
Screw sample bottle securely onto the Sample Input Port. The sample bottle must be snug but use care
not to over-tighten in order to prevent damage to the gasket, sample bottle, or both.
NOTE: Be sure that the Clean / Operate switch is in the Up position prior to running fuel
samples.
The GS-1000 plus VOC Main Menu
At the main menu, press AUTO (1). The GS-1000 will prompt the user for an expected R+M/2 value.
If desired, the user may enter the rated R+M/2 value. This will be logged and printed along with the
analysis results for the purpose of comparison or identification of the sample. The entered R+M/2
value has no effect on the results of the analysis. After entering the expected R+M/2 value (or EXIT
if the user chooses not to do so) analysis cycle will begin, which consists of approximately one minute
of pumping fuel followed by two minutes of analysis. The GS-1000 will automatically begin a complete
analysis cycle, which includes the determination of all oxygenates, benzene, total aromatics, toluene,
xylene, total olefins concentrations; as well as the prediction of the octane, and distillation points (T50,
T90). The weight percent oxygen, the percent of saturates, and the R+M/2 octane values are
determined by calculation.
Upon completion, analysis results will be displayed on the screen. Use the arrow keys or the ENTER
key to scroll from one screen of analysis results to the next.
22
Menu Flowchart
Auto Function
23
Results Screens
Pressing ENTER on the eighth screen will display all results again starting from the first screen. Press
EXIT while on the eighth screen to exit the analysis results screen. The GS-1000 will allow the operator
to choose whether to log the results. Press NO to run another analysis without logging the current
results. For information on logging results, see Section 7: Data Management.
Note: Be sure to pump the instrument dry after the day’s use.
24
Mahalanobis Distance And Extrapolated Results

The GS-1000 uses a statistical value called the Mahalanobis distance to determine whether the
predicted property values obtained from a fuel sample result from an extrapolation of the model. The
extrapolation of the model occurs when the infrared spectrum of the fuel sample is not included within
the spectral space spanned by the calibration fuels used to construct the model. When the Mahalanobis
distance detects that the predicted property value of the fuel sample is likely the result of an
extrapolation, the instrument warns the user of the extrapolated result along with the Mahalanobis
distance number, which is displayed as M=**.*. The Mahalanobis distance warning is triggered when
the distance value exceeds 26.3. If the absorbance values from the calibration set are normally
distributed, then the Mahalanobis distance follows the chi-squared distribution. For 16 degrees of
freedom (17 filters minus one), a sample with a Mahalanobis distance of 26.3 is deemed to be outside
the calibration set with 95% confidence. Depending on the magnitude of the Mahalanobis distance,
one or more samples similar in composition should be added to the calibration set. The addition of
one sample may not eliminate the extrapolation. An outlier with a large Mahalanobis distance (>50)
may not be made an inlier no matter how many samples of similar composition are added to the
calibration set. For a sample with a large Mahalanobis distance, a separate calibration set may need
to be constructed. The ability of the analyzer to predict the properties of a specific fuel may improve
if the sample is added to the calibration set.
See User Calibration Section 8 page 33. For detailed information, refer to the Calibration Update Manual.
25
26
SECTION 6
ANALYZER SET-UP FUNCTIONS
The set-up functions allow the user to modify the GS-1000’s basic operating parameters. The correct
use of these functions allows the user to customize the operation, or modify the results of the instrument.
However, improper use of these functions may negatively impact the accuracy of the GS-1000.
Therefore, only qualified, trained personnel should change any of these settings.
To access the set-up functions, press SETUP (4) from the GS-1000 main menu.
The set-up menu will appear:
1. PUMP
The PUMP function allows the user to set the length of time that the fuel pump operates before analysis
begins. The GS-1000 should pump at least 3ml of fuel through the system within the selected pump-
time. This sample volume will displace the previous sample. A pump-time of less than 50 seconds is
not recommended. If 50 seconds is not an adequate pump time, try replacing the fuel filter and checking
the fuel lines for kinks before adjusting the pump time. For more information, see Section 9: Product
Maintenance.
To adjust the pump time, press PUMP (1) from the set-up menu. Enter the new pump time and press
ENTER.
2. PRINT
The PRINT Set-Up function sets the format of printed analysis results. You can select either TABLE
(1) or REPORT (2) format. The table format lists the sample identification code, the time and date the
analysis was run, and all analysis results. The report format prints the same information but leaves
room for a description of the sample, results from running a calibration standard, and a place for the
operator’s signature.
3. TIME
PUMP PRINT TIME DEN VER VOC BIAS UNIT
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
The TIME function allows the user to change the time and date. Select TIME (3) and enter the new
time and date.
27
4. DEN (Density)
The GS-1000 calculates total weight percent oxygen from volume percent using the EPA method
described on page 64 of the Supplemental Notice of Proposed Guidance on Establishment of Control
Periods under Section 211 (m) of the Clean Air Act as amended and released in the first quarter of 1992.
The specific densities used in the calculation are also from this method:
Oxygenate Weight percent Oxygen Density

MTBE 18.15 0.746
EtOH 34.73 0.794
TAME 15.66 0.755
ETBE 15.66 0.745
MeOH 49.93 0.796
DIPE 15.66 0.730
TBA 21.59 0.792
GAS ——- 0.742
For greater control over the accuracy of the total weight percent oxygen measurement, you may enter
your own values for the specific density of each oxygenate component and of the base gasoline. To do
this, select 4 (DEN) choose the desired component or gasoline, type the new three digit density value,
and press ENTER. The GS-1000 always displays the EPA designated value in parentheses when the
screen is accessed.
5. VER (Version)
Selecting the version function will enable the operator to see the current firm ware version of the
instrument.
The version function also allows the user to put the GS-1000 into the demonstration mode. When the
instrument is in the DEMO mode it goes through all the motions of an analysis but only displays
demonstrated results. The letter “d” will be displayed on the LCD while the instrument is in this mode.
Note: Be sure to disable the DEMO mode once the demonstration is completed.
6. VOC
The VOC set-up function allows the operator to disable or enable the VOC mode, set the VOC region,
and set the VOC season.
28
7. BIAS
The BIAS function allows the user to add or subtract an offset to the final oxygenate, xylene, toluene,
total aromatic, benzene, olefin, octane, T50, or T90 analysis result. The BIAS sub-menu allows the
user to select which analysis (oxygenate, aromatic, octane, evaporation point, or VOC) is to be offset.
The user may then increment, decrement, or clear existing offsets. When an oxygenate bias is entered,
the letter “x” will appear on the display in the main menu. When an octane bias is entered, the letter
“e” (for “engine”) will appear on the display in the main menu. Please refer to the chart below for other
letter designations and their respective biasing.
Measured Property Displayed Maximum Increment

Letter Bias (offset)
Demo mode “d” N/A N/A
Oxygen bias “x” +-0.5 +-0.1
Xylenes bias “a” +-3 +-.1
Toluene “a” +-3 +-.1
Aromatic or Olefin bias “a” +-3 +-0.1
Benzene “a” +-0.3 +-0.01
Octane bias “e” +- 3 +-0.1
VOC “v” +-5 +-1
Oxygenate biases can be set in increments of 0.1, with a maximum bias of plus or minus 0.5. Aromatic
and olefin biases can be set in increments of 0.1, to a maximum of plus or minus 3.0. The benzene bias
can be set in increments of 0.01, with a maximum bias of plus or minus 0.3. The RON and MON octane
biases can be set in increments of 0.1 with a maximum bias of plus or minus 3.0. The offsets are stored
in protected memory and are not lost if the instrument is turned off.
29
8. UNIT
The UNIT function allows the user to select the format in which all oxygenate analysis results are
displayed. Results can be displayed in either WEIGHT PERCENT or VOLUME PERCENT. The weight
percent values are calculated using the density values selected in the DEN (4) set-up function. (see
above) Total oxygen is calculated as wt% only and cannot be changed. Total aromatics, total olefins,
and benzene are reported as vol. % and can not be changed. The UNIT function also allows the user
to select between displaying the T50 and T90 predictions in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius.
Note: GS-1000 firmware versions 2.71 and above are programmed to display the T50 and
T90 temperature values in Celsius or Fahrenheit and cannot be selected in set-up.
Determining Weight Percent Oxygen

Sample weight percent oxygen is calculated using the EPA method described on page 64 of the
“Supplemental Notice of Proposed Guidance on Establishment of Control Periods under Section
211(m) of the Clean Air Act as Amended” released in the first quarter of 1992. This method is outlined
below.
The following equation describes the conversion from volume percent to weight percent oxygen in
a gasoline blend.
Σ(vol% oxy * d oxy * wt% oxy )

wt%O=
0.742*(100 - Σ(vol% oxy )) * d oxy )
where:
vol%oxy =measured volume % of each oxygenate in the fuel

doxy =density of each oxygenate present: from table below
wt%oxy =weight % oxygen in each oxygen present: from table below
wt%O =weight % oxygen in each oxygen in the sample
FACTORS FOR CALCULATING WT% OXYGEN
Component wt%O in oxygenate Density

MTBE 18.15 0.746
ETOH 34.73 0.794
TAME 15.66 0.775
ETBE 15.66 0.745
MEOH 49.93 0.796
DIPE 15.66 0.73
TBA 21.59 0.792
Gas 0.742
30
SECTION 7
DATA MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS
Logging Analysis Results

The GS-1000 can store up to 99 analysis results in internal memory. After analysis results are
displayed, press EXIT and select YES, when prompted, to access the log entry function. The operator
will then be prompted to enter an identification code under which the analysis results will be filed.
Entering Identification Codes

Identification codes may be up to eight (8) characters long and can consist of letters and/or numbers.
Numbers can be entered using the numerical keys on the keypad. Letter characters can be selected using
the following procedure:
• Press the up arrow key. The alphabet will appear on the top line of the display.
• Press the right and left arrow keys to highlight the desired letter
• Press ENTER to select the desired letter.
• Press the down arrow key.
Printing Data
Pressing PRINT (2) from the main menu will access the print functions. The GS-1000 can print either
to an external printer, or to the display screen. When printing to an external printer, the printer must
be connected to the instrument before the print function is selected, or an error message will appear.
Be sure to remove power to the GS-1000 and the printer prior to making any connections. If power
is not removed, the printer, GS instrument or both can be damaged.
Upon selecting PRINT (2) from the main menu, the operator will have four choices:
1. PRINT LAST - will print the results of the last analysis performed, even if that analysis was
not saved to the log.
2. PRINT LOG - will print the entire contents of the log file.
3. PRINT INDIVIDUAL - will print an individual analysis entry stored in the log. Select the
desired entry by entering the identification code (see above) or by using the up and down
arrows to scroll through a list of all of the stored entries.
All print functions will print the data in the format selected in the set-up menu. For information on
changing the print format, see Section 6: page27.
Erasing Data
The ERASE function permanently deletes entries from the log file. This function is accessed by
pressing ERASE (3) from the GS-1000 main menu. Once selected, you will have two choices:
ERASE INDIVIDUAL - will erase an individual analysis entry stored in the log. Select the desired
entry by entering the identification code (see above) or by using the up and down arrows to scroll
through a list of all of the stored entries.
ERASE ALL - will erase the entire contents of the log file.
31
Exporting Data
Analysis data in the log file may be downloaded as an ASCII text file from the GS-1000 to a computer
using the EXPORT function, which is accessed by pressing EXPORT (5) from the main menu.
Data is exported via the 9 pin RS-232 serial port located on the rear panel of the GS-1000. The port
must be connected to an RS-232 serial port on an IBM compatible computer that is running any
standard communication software. The host computer’s protocol must be set to the following:
• Baud rate = 9600 bits per second
• Data bits = 8
• Stop bits = 1
• Parity = none
• Flow control = Xon / Xoff
When the computer is ready to accept the data file, press EXPORT LOG (1) on the GS-1000.
32
SECTION 8
USER UPDATEABLE
CALIBRATION
The Calibration Update Software allows the operator to add fuels to their analyzer’s calibration matrix
without the need to return the analyzer to PetroSpec. Your GS-1000 Fuel Analyzer will notify you
when a fuel that you are measuring is outside of the analyzer’s factory calibration matrix. (See
Mahalanobis Distance and Extrapolated Results on page 25). The software allows the user to add the
fuel to the calibration matrix.
Please refer to the Calibration Update Manual for detailed instructions.
33
34
SECTION 9
PRODUCT MAINTENANCE
Cleaning the GS-1000

After using the GS-1000, pump the fuel lines dry before storing the instrument. To do this, simply attach
an empty bottle to the Sample Input Port and perform an analysis function. If the instrument is to be
idle for more than 48 hours, it is recommended that a hydrocarbon solvent, such as petroleum ether,
be used to flush the sample cell. Note: Petroleum Ether is a suitable cleaning solvent, pump dry the fuel
line when completed.
Fuel spills on the outside of the instrument should be wiped off as soon as possible with a clean rag.
Most stains can be removed by wiping with a mild solvent.
Sample Induction Cleaning Procedure
Follow these step-by-step instructions in order to properly clean the Instruments plumbing and
sample induction system.
WARNING: Use protective gloves and eye protection when snapping open a PetroSpec
Cleaning Solution Ampoule or Check Standard Ampoule. Be sure the area is well
ventilated. Use the plastic-opening tool provided with each tray of Cleaning Solution.
Follow the instructions below for safely opening the Cleaning Solution Ampoules. Be
sure to keep the tool, as it is the only one provided.
WARNING: When opening a Cleaning Solution Ampoule, be sure to slide the opening
tool all the way onto the stem of the ampoule. The tool should bottom out on the body
of the ampoule. Hold the body of the ampoule firmly in one hand. Make sure that the
ampoule is in the upright position. Break the stem of the ampoule, being careful to snap
it away from you.
WARNING: Do not leave the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly unattached or unat-
tended. The vapor pressure will cause the Cleaning Solution to flow through the supply
tube. If the Cleaning Solution is not depleted during the cleaning operation, remove the
Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly Cap and recap the bottle with a normal plastic cap for
storage.
WARNING: It is very important that the Fuel Filter be installed correctly. If the Fuel
Filter is not seated properly in the filter housing, sediment can bypass the Fuel Filter
causing system blockages.
35
1. Back-Flush the Instrument …

a. Carefully remove any waste bottles, sample bottles, and the sample tube from the
Sample Inlet Port of the Instrument.
b. Carefully remove the Brass Barbed Fitting from the Waste Outlet Port using a 5/16"
Wrench or Nut Driver.
c. Loosen the Thumb Screw at the top of the Sample Induction System, open the Fuel
Filter Access Cover, and remove the Teflon Fuel Filter. Close the Cover and tighten
the Thumb Screw.
Tip: If the Teflon Fuel Filter is dry it may stick to the Housing. Use a drop of fuel to wet
the Filter to facilitate ease of removal…
d. Remove the Cap from the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly. Snap open a Cleaning
Solution vial and pour the contents of the vial into the bottle. Screw the Cap onto the
bottle and tighten.
*** See Warning A ***
e. Attach the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly to the instrument as shown in Figure
1. Connect the Red Fitting of the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly to the threaded
hole in the underside of the Waste Outlet Port. Connect the Quick-Connect Com-
pressed Air Fitting on the yellow tube of the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly to
the Quick-Connect Compressed Air Fitting on the side of the instrument. Place the
Toggle Switch in the DOWN position.
f. Connect a Waste Bottle with Drilled Cap and a Teflon Tube with Red Fitting to the
Sample Inlet Port of the instrument.
g. Press AUTO (1) on your GS or MD Series Analyzer. Allow the instrument to run
through its analysis cycle. Disregard any results that are displayed.
2. Clean the Filter Housing …
a. Unscrew the Cap of the Cleaning Solution Bottle to relieve the pressure.
b. Loosen the Thumb Screw at the top of the Sample Induction System and open the Fuel
Filter Access Cover.
c. Thoroughly clean the inside of the Fuel Filter housing to remove any residue.
d. Install a Teflon Fuel Filter (for Forward-Flush only).
*** See Warning C ***
e. Close the Fuel Filter Access Cover and tighten the Thumb Screw.
3. Forward-Flush the Instrument …
a. Carefully remove the Waste Bottle connected to Sample Inlet Port of the instrument.
b. Unscrew the Red Fitting on the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly from the Waste
Outlet Port and screw it into the threaded hole in the underside of the Sample Inlet
Port. See Figure 2.
c. Connect the Waste Bottle with Drilled Cap and a Teflon Tube with Red Fitting to the
Waste Outlet Port of the instrument.
d. Press AUTO (1) on your GS or MD Series Analyzer. Allow the instrument to run
through its analysis cycle. Disregard any results that may be displayed.
36
4. Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 …

a. Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 until the Cleaning Solution has been depleted.
5. Revert to Normal set-up …
a. Be sure to return the Instrument to the normal Analysis mode set-up when finished
with the Sample System Cleaning Procedure.
b. Remove the Waste Bottle and properly dispose of its contents.
c. Disconnect the Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly Red Fitting from the Waste Outlet
Port.
*** See Warning B ***
d. Disconnect the Quick-Connect Compressed Air Fitting on the yellow tube of the
Cleaning Solution Bottle Assembly from the Fitting on the side of the Instrument.
e. Place the Toggle Switch on the side of the Instrument in the UP position.
f. Reinstall the Brass Barbed Fitting into the threaded hole on the underside of the Waste
Outlet Port.
g. Replace the Waste Bottle into the Waste Outlet Port.
6. Install a fresh Fuel Filter …
a. Loosen the Thumb Screw at the top of the Sample Induction System and open the Fuel
Filter Access Cover.
b. Remove any Fuel Filters used in the Sample System Cleaning procedure.
c. Thoroughly clean the inside of the Fuel Filter housing to remove any residue.
d. Install a new Fuel Filter in the filter housing. Be sure that the Fuel Filter seats
correctly.
*** See Warning C ***
e. Close the Fuel Filter Access Cover and tighten the Thumb Screw.
7. Flush the System Induction System dry …
a. Using an empty sample bottle attached to the Sample Inlet Port and a Waste Bottle
attached to the Waste Outlet Port, run one more AUTO (1) cycle to flush the system
dry.
37
Back-Flush Setup
38
Forward-Flush Setup
39
Replacing Fuel Filters

The Teflon fuel filter should be replaced every 50-75 samples, or at any time that it appears dirty or
impairs the flow of fuel through the instrument. Replacement filters can be ordered from PAC
at 281-580-0339. The model number for the replacement filters is BTGS-1420.
To change the fuel filter, disconnect the fuel sample bottle from the Sample Input Port. Lift the Fuel
Filter Access Cover by turning the Knurled Screw counter clockwise. Remove and discard the used
filter. Inspect the o-ring located in the filter housing cap for any nicks or cuts which could cause leaks.
It may be helpful to wet the filter with a drop of gasoline in order to facilitate ease of removal.
Place a new Teflon filter membrane in the filter housing. Replace the Fuel Filter Access Cover and
tighten the Knurled Screw by turning it clockwise. It is very important to make sure that the filter is
seated properly. A poorly seated filter can allow the fuel to bypass the filter, which will result in a clog
in the fuel intake path.
Please Note
Note: The fuel filters are shipped in tubes with 20 filters. A clear plastic separator
disk separates each filter. Be careful to discard the separator. If the separator is installed
in the fuel filter housing, poor fuel flow, or no fuel flow will result.
Replacement filters are available from PAC Customer Service, at 281-580-0339.
40
APPENDIX 1
MESSAGES
Extrapolated Result
This message indicates that the fuel sample tested does not fall within the calibration sample set.
Accuracy of the stated properties may be in jeopardy. Use of the User Updateable Calibration software
is recommended for fuels that present this warning. Please refer to the description of Mahalanobis
Distance and extrapolated results on page 25.
Printer Fault Detected, No Connection Or Paper Feed Error

This message is displayed if the GS-1000 is unable to establish communications with an external
printer when the print functions are accessed. Check that the printer is connected securely to the
GS-1000 parallel printer port with a parallel printer cable. Verify that the printer has paper, is not
jammed, and is on-line. If the message persists, call PetroSpec customer service.
Hydrocarbons Detected, Please Power Down

The GS-1000 contains an internal hydrocarbon sensor that detects dangerous levels of hydrocarbon
vapors, either from leaks inside the instrument or in the operating atmosphere. If this message is
displayed, IMMEDIATELY SHUT OFF POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT. If no fuel leaks are
apparent, apply power again. If the condition persists, move the instrument to a better ventilated area
and power up the instrument. If the message still persists, or if there is any evidence of a fuel leak, call
PetroSpec customer service.
Chopper Wheel Failure Detected

This message indicates a malfunction of the GS-1000 optical system. Call PetroSpec customer service.
Filter Wheel Failure Detected

Source Failure Detected

41
TABLE FORMAT PRINTOUT (DEFAULT)
GS1000 Fuel Analyzer Analysis Results
——————
11:38:25am 3/19/98
MeOH = 2.1 Vol%
EtOH = 1.3 Vol%
MTBE = 5.0 Vol%
ETBE = 0.0 Vol%
TAME = 1.4 Vol%
DIPE = 0.0 Vol%
TBA = 0.0 Vol%
WEIGHT-% OXYGEN .. .26
BENZENE =.82 Vol%

AROMATICS = 26.1 Vol%
OLEFINS = 12.5 Vol%
TOTAL XYLENES = 7.8 Vol%
TOLUENE = 5.8 Vol%
SATURATES = 59.8 Vol%
RON = 93.5
MON = 85.1
R+M/2 = 89.3
EXPECTED R+M/2 = “NA”
RON ENGINE BIAS = 0.0
MON ENGINE BIAS = 0.0
DI = 1039
T50 214 F = 214 F
T90 = 320 F
E200 = 43%
E300 = 85%
VOC Season: Summer
VOC Region: 1
Expected RVP 10.00
VOC Performance = 16.6%
VOC = xxxxx mg/mile
42
REPORT FORMAT PRINTOUT (SELECTABLE)

GS1000 Fuel Analyzer Analysis
Date : 11:38:25am 3/19/98
Sample NUMBER : (Demonstration Data)
DESCRIPTION: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
SAMPLE STANDARD
_______ __________
Species Vol% Species Vol%
______ ____ ______ ____
MeOH 2.1 MeOH _______
EtOH 1.3 EtOH _______
MTBE 5.0 MTBE _______
ETBE 0.0 ETB _______
TAME 1.4 TAME _______
DIPE 0.0 DIPE _______
TBA 0.0 TBA _______
WEIGHT-% OXYGEN ... .26
CONCENTRATION OF BENZENE ... .82 Vol%

CONCENTRATION OF OLEFINS ... 12.5 Vol%
CONCENTRATION OF SATURATES ... 59.8 Vol%
CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL AROMATICS .. 26.1 Vol%
CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL XYLENES 7.8 Vol%
CONCENTRATION OF TOLUENE 5.8 Vol. %
OCTANE MEASURED EXPECTED

_______ __________ __________
OCTANE RESULT 89.3 “NA”
RON 93.5
MON 85.1
RON ENGINE BIAS = 0.0
MON ENGINE BIAS = 0.0
DI 1039
T50 214 F
T90 320 F
E200 43%
E300 85%
VOC Season: Summer VOC Region: 1
Expected Sulfur 339ppm
Expected RVP 10.0 psig
Total VOC 1709 mg/mile
VOC Reduction 16.6%
SIGNATURE: _________________________
43
44
APPENDIX 2
GASOLINE SAFETY INFORMATION
Personal Protection Information
Ventilation — Use adequate ventilation to control exposure below recommended levels
Respiratory Protection — For concentrations exceeding the recommended exposure level, use NIOSH/
MSHA approved air purifying respirator. When entering into or exiting from concentrations of
unknown exposure, use NIOSH/MSHA approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Eye Protection — Use safety glasses with side shields and face shield for splash protection.
Skin Protection — Use gloves resistant to the materials being used (Viton, nitrile, neoprene). Use full-
body, long sleeved garments to prevent skin contact.
Handling And Storage Precautions

Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapors, mist, or fumes. Do not swallow. May
be aspirated into lungs. Wear protective equipment and/or garments described above if exposure
conditions warrant. Wash thoroughly after handling. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Store in a well-ventilated area. Store in tightly closed container. Bond and ground during transfer.
Keep away from heat, sparks, and flames.
Reactivity Data
Stability — Stable
Incompatibility (Material to Avoid) — Oxygen and strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products — Carbon oxides, lead fumes and various hydrocarbons when
burned.
Health Hazard Data

Acute Effects of Overexposure
Eye — May cause mild irritation, with stinging and redness of the eyes.
Skin — May cause mild irritation. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause defatting of the skin,
resulting in dermatitis.
Inhalation — May cause headache, nausea, weakness, sedation, and unconsciousness
Ingestion — May cause irritation to intestines. If swallowed, may be aspirated resulting in inflamma-
tion and possible fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Subchronic and Chronic Effects of Overexposure
Unleaded gasoline has produced kidney cancer in male rats only. No comparable kidney disease is
known to occur in humans.
Gasoline’s generally contain benzene which has been designated a carcinogen by the National
Toxicology Program (NTP), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Benzene may produce blood changes which
include reduced platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Also, aplastic anemia, and acute
nonlymphotic leukemia. Benzene has produced fetal death in laboratory animals and caused chromo-
some changes in humans and mutation changes in cells of other organisms.
Laboratory animals have exhibited a higher degree of narcosis when exposed to both butane and
butylene (additive effect), than the degree of narcosis exhibited following exposure to butane or
butylene alone.
Isopentane did not produce kidney damage in a subchronic oral laboratory study or in a subchronic
inhalation exposure to 4500 ppm and 1000 ppm or a 50/50 mixture of isobutane and isopentane.
45
First Aid And Emergency Procedures

Eye — Flush eyes with running water for at least fifteen minutes. If irritation or adverse symptoms
develop, seek medical attention.
Skin — Wash skin with soap or water for at least fifteen minutes. If irritation or adverse symptoms
develop, seek medical attention.
Inhalation — Remove from exposure. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing ceases,
administer artificial respiration followed by oxygen. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion — Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention.
Fire And Explosion Data

Flash point — 35F (37C)
Flammable Limits (% by volume in air) — LEL — 1.5; UEL — 7.6
Fire Extinguishing Media — Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO2)
Special Fire Fighting Precautions — Evacuate area of all unnecessary personnel. Wear appropriate
safety equipment for fire conditions including NIOSH/MSHA self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA). Shut off source, if possible. Water, fog or spray may be used to cool exposed containers and
equipment. Do not spray water directly on fire; product will float and could re-ignite on surface of
water.
Fire and Explosion Hazards — Carbon oxides and various hydrocarbons formed when burned.
Gasoline’s containing Tetraethyl Lead will form lead fumes when burning. Highly flammable vapors
which are heavier than air may accumulate in low areas and/or spread along ground away from
handling site. Flashback along vapor trail may occur.
Spill, Leak, And Disposal Procedures

Precautions required if material is released or spilled:
Evacuate area of all unnecessary personnel. Wear protective equipment and/or garments described
above if conditions warrant. Shut off source, if possible, and contain spill. Protect from ignition. Keep
out of water sources and sewers. Absorb in dry, inert material. Transfer to disposal drums using non-
sparking equipment.
Waste Disposal (Insure conformity with all applicable disposal regulations)
Incinerate or otherwise manage in a RCRA permitted waste management facility.
Hazard Classification
Gasoline meets the following hazard definitions as outlined by the Occupational Safety and Health
Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR Section 1910.1200):
• Flammable Liquid
• Health Hazard (Section F)
46
APPENDIX 3
WARRANTY INFORMATION
A. Limitations of Liability
PetroSpec warrants that the GS-1000 Plus VOC will be free from defects in materials and workmanship
for a period of one (1) year from the date of invoice. If, during the warranty period, the product is
determined by us to be defective, we and/or our representative will repair or replace the product at no
cost to the purchaser.
PetroSpec shall not be responsible for any expenses incurred by the user.
This warranty applies only to products that are operated in accordance with PetroSpec specifications.
This warranty will not apply to any product that has been subject to misuse, negligence or accident;
or misapplied; or used in violation of product manuals, instructions, or warnings; or modified or
repaired by unauthorized persons; or improperly installed.
B. Inspection
It is the responsibility of the purchaser to inspect the product promptly after receipt and to notify
PetroSpec at its Texas office in writing of any claims, including claims of breach of warranty, within
thirty (30) days of discovery of the facts upon which the claim is based. Your failure to give written
notice of a claim within the time period shall be deemed to be a waiver of such claim.
C. Limitations of Remedy and Warranty

The provisions in paragraph A are our sole obligation and exclude all other remedies or warranties,
expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,
whether or not purposes or specifications are described herein. We further disclaim any responsibility
whatsoever to the purchaser or to any other person for injury to person or damage to or loss of property
or value caused by any product which has been subjected to misuse, negligence, or accident; or
misapplied; or used in violation of product manuals, instructions or warnings; or modified or repaired
by unauthorized persons; or improperly installed.
D. Limitations of Damages
Under no circumstances shall PetroSpec be liable for any incidental, consequential or specific
damages, losses or expenses arising from this contract or its performance in connection with the use
of, or inability to use, our product for any purpose whatsoever.
E. Limitation of Actions
No action, regardless of form, arising from this contract may be commenced more than one year after
the cause of action has accrued, except an action for nonpayment.
F. Collateral Promises
There are no representations, warranties, or conditions, expressed or implied, statutory or otherwise
except those herein contained, and no agreement or waivers collateral hereto shall be binding on either
party unless in writing and signed by the purchaser and accepted by PetroSpec at its Houston office.
G. Interpretation
Rights and liabilities arising out of any contract with PetroSpec shall be determined under the Uniform
Commercial Code as enacted in Texas.
47
48
PETROSPEC WARRANTY
REGISTRATION FORM
PetroSpec Warranty Registration Form

To assure warranty coverage of your PetroSpec Fuel Analyzer, and to allow us to keep you informed
of product updates and servie advisories, please fill-in the information below and FAX to:
PAC/PetroSpec at 281-580-0339
or mail to:
PAC/PetroSpec, 300 Bammel Westfield Road, Houston, TX 77090
Company Name: ______________________________________________________________
Key Contact: ______________________________________________________________
Address (Location of Analyzer): ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Phone Number: ______________________________________________________________
FAX Number: ______________________________________________________________
Model: GS-1000 Plus VOC

______________________________________________________________
Serial Number: ______________________________________________________________
Purchased From: ______________________________________________________________
Purchase Date: ______________________________________________________________
Keep a copy of this warranty for your records.
Thank you for your business.

PetroSpec
49
50
Installation Problem Report
Company: Installation Date:

Contact: Installed By:
Address: PAC Representative:
Sales Order #:
City: St: Zip:
Country: Territory: Fax or e-mail complete report to Service Manager
Phone: Fax: fax: 281-580-0719 e-mail: service@paclp.com
E-mail:
Purchase Date S/N Model # Install Date
Problem(s)
Model: S/N:
Part # Description of Problem
Model: S/N:
Model: S/N:
Type of Problem: Appearance Broken Electronic Missing Off Spec Wrong

Assembly Electric Leak Mechanical Non-function
Code: QF 8.02 Rev. D Date: 8/24/04 Page 1 of 1

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550-350-007

GS-1000 plus VOC

300 Bammel Westfield Road • Houston, Texas 77090 • USA

THIS MANUAL CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION…

Copyright ©2004, by PAC, Houston, Texas.

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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

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WARNING! READ ALL SAFETY AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE

For Best Results From Your Gs-1000 Fuel Analyzer

1. Tighten the sample bottle securely to the sample input port.

Tips For Properly Maintaining Your PetroSpec GS Series

Factory Default Settings

Pump Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Seconds

Sample Care And Preparation

Periodic Instrument Performance Validation by Control

TABLE 1. BENZENE CONCENTRATIONS, IN VOLUME PERCENT

Date Sample (n) Expected Predicted Diff. (dn ) MR (|dn+1-dn|)

For the sample number 6 analyzed on 6/17/98,

For the sample number 6 analyzed on 6/17/98,

Benzene Control Chart

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Property Repeatability Reproducibility Test Method

*From ASTM Round Robin

Parts and Accessories Available

Small 4 oz., French Square Bottles (Case of 24) BTGS-1325

Tubing & Compression Fittings for Co-axial Cap (Set of 4) BTGS-1402

Power Supply & Cord for GS-360 & GS-500 BTGS-1501

Surge Protector BTGS-1510

Gasoline Analyzer Check Standard with Ethanol BTGS-17011

Boston round bottle threaded ring and gasket for BTGS-BRSIA

The Power Switch

The Power Connection

The RS-232 Communication Port

The Parallel Printer Port

GS-1000 Front and Back Panels

Fixed Arm Sample Induction System

Fixed Arm Sample Induction System

(Fixed Arm Features photo)

Cleaning Bottle Pressure Port

Sample Input Port

Sample Waste Port

Setting Up the GS-1000

Analyzing Samples — Quick Start Using the AUTO Function

The GS-1000 plus VOC Main Menu

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Mahalanobis Distance And Extrapolated Results

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The set-up menu will appear:

Oxygenate Weight percent Oxygen Density

Measured Property Displayed Maximum Increment

Determining Weight Percent Oxygen

Σ(vol% oxy * d oxy * wt% oxy )

vol%oxy =measured volume % of each oxygenate in the fuel

FACTORS FOR CALCULATING WT% OXYGEN

Component wt%O in oxygenate Density

Logging Analysis Results

Entering Identification Codes

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Cleaning the GS-1000

Sample Induction Cleaning Procedure

1. Back-Flush the Instrument …

*** See Warning A ***

* See Warning A *

* See Warning C *

* See Warning C *