20190926光學系統設計Ray tracing program

光學系統設計
Ray Tracing Computer Aid Design
941 U0400 Optical System Design
1st Semester, 108 Academic Year

Room 303 of MD Building
2:20 pm ~ 5:20 pm, every Thursday
蘇國棟
電機資訊學院光電工程研究所
gdjsu@ntu.edu.tw
明達館 716室
Guo-Dung Su 蘇國棟 1
光學系統設計
Class Schedule
Week Lecture Date Location Topics

1 1 12-Sep MD 303 Introduction
2 2 19-Sep MD 303 Basic Optics Equations for Ray Optics
3 3 26-Sep MD 303 Ray Tracing Program Introduction
4 4 3-Oct MD 303 Computer Aid Design
5 10-Oct
6 5 17-Oct MD 303 Image Quality
7 6 24-Oct MD 303 OPD and Aberration Corrections I
8 7 31-Oct MD 303 OPD and Aberration Corrections II
9 7-Nov MD 303 Midterm (30%)
10 8 14-Nov MD 303 Glass Selection
11 9 21-Nov Spherical and Aspheric Surfaces
12 10 28-Nov MD 303 Design Forms and Processes
13 11 5-Dec MD 303 Gaussian Beam and Diffractive Optics
14 12-Dec MD 303 Project Presentation (10%)
15 12 19-Dec MD 303 Polarization and Optical Thin Films
16 13 26-Dec MD 303 Tolerance and Productivity
17 14 2-Jan MD 303 Photonics Devices
18 9-Jan MD 303 Final (35%)
18 11-Jan CEIBA Project Report (25%)
光學系統設計
Outlines of Today’s Lectures
1. Ray Tracing
2. Performance Evaluation
光學系統設計
(a)
(b)
NTUEE&OE
光學系統設計
Initial entry of lens,

data, requirements
Evaluation
Change design Change lens
Judgement: good
enough ?
No (1) No (2)
Yes
Done
NTUEE&OE
光學系統設計
How Can We Describe Rays?
In mathematic, only two parameters are

needed to describe lines, one is slope and
the other one is the height
y
y=ax+b
a=tanθ
b
θ
a
光學系統設計
Exact Ray Trace
光學系統設計
Q-U Method
光學系統設計
Find out Incident and Refractive Angle
光學系統設計
Find out Q and U for Refractive Ray
光學系統設計
Axial Transfer to Find Out Q and U
for next Surface
光學系統設計
光學系統設計
Exact Ray Trace (Q U Trace)
c is the reciprocal of r
光學系統設計
Example of Exact Ray Trace
1 1.5 − 1 1 1
= ( − )
f 1 10 − 10
1 1 1
= +
f s s'
光學系統設計
Initial Condition
Parameter Object Space Surface 1 Lens Space Surface 2 Image Space

r 10 -10
c 0.1 -0.1
t 20 2 BFD=??
n 1 1.5 1
U (rad) 0.052360
SinU 0.052336
Q 1.046719
SinI
I (rad)
SinI'
I'
U' (rad)
SinU'
Q'
Q2
光學系統設計
After the First Surface Refraction

r 10 -10
c 0.1 -0.1
t 20 2 BFD??
n 1 1.5 1
U (rad) 0.052360
SinU 0.052336
Q 1.046719
SinI 0.157008
I (rad) 0.157660
SinI' 0.104672
I' 0.104864
U' (rad) -0.000436
SinU' -0.000436
Q' 1.051082
Q2 1.050210
光學系統設計
After the Second Surface Refraction

r 10 -10
c 0.1 -0.1
t 20 2 19.506760
n 1 1.5 1
U (rad) 0.052360 -0.000436
SinU 0.052336 -0.000436
Q 1.046719 1.050210
SinI 0.157008 -0.1054573
I (rad) 0.157660 -0.1056538
SinI' 0.104672 -0.1581860
I' 0.104864 -0.1588532
U' (rad) -0.000436 -0.0536358
SinU' -0.000436 -0.0536101
Q' 1.051082 1.0457590
Q2 1.050210
BFD=¦ Q'/sinU'¦
光學系統設計
Recall Spherical Aberrations
Textbook P 63
Rays that are infinitely close to the optical axis will come the
focus at the paraxial image position. As the ray height above the
optical axis at the lens increase, the rays in image space cross
the axis or focus closer and closer to the lens. This variation of
focus position with aperture is called spherical aberration.
光學系統設計
Q-U Method for Spherical Aberrations
Spherical Aberration
Initial Angle BFD
1 19.94517266 20
2 19.78073127
3 19.50676016 18
BFD
4 19.12326986
5 18.62998407
16
6 18.02599859
7 17.30925077
8 16.4756817 14
9 15.51785533 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 14.42252933
U
光學系統設計
Surface Normal
I
Incident Point on Spherical Surface
a
Incident Light
I
Q
R d
b
e -U c -U
Vertex Center of Spherical Surface

R
Angle a, b, c and d are 90 degree, so abcd is a rectangular
Q=ab+be
be=R*sin(-U) No approximation!!
Same applied to refractive light
ab=dc=R*sinI Only change Q to Q’, I to I’ and U to U’
Q=R*sinI+R*sin(-U)=R*sinI-R*sinU
光學系統設計
It does not matter if all the points are together here
光學系統設計
It does not matter if all the points are together here
光學系統設計
Outlines of Today’s Lectures
1. Ray Tracing
2. Performance Evaluation
光學系統設計
Resolvable Spots in Theory
d = 1.22λf /#
1.22λ
angular =
Dentrancepupil
光學系統設計
Ray Trace Curve
光學系統設計
Formation of Coma
光學系統設計
Formation of Spherical Aberrations
光學系統設計
Typical Transverse Ray Aberration Curves
Textbook pp. 188-190

光學系統設計
Spot Diagram and Transverse Curves
for Cooke Triplet
光學系統設計
OPD for Cooke Triplet
光學系統設計
Encircled Energy for Cooke Triplet
光學系統設計
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
I max − I min Modulationimage

Modulation = MTF =
I max + I min Modulationobject
I max 1
Contrast = ν cutoff =
I min λ ( f /# )
光學系統設計
Typical MTF Curves
光學系統設計
Target Orientation Conventions
光學系統設計
MTF of Double Gauss Lens
光學系統設計
Simulated Images of Double Gauss Lens
光學系統設計
MTF versus Central Obscuration
光學系統設計
Point Spread Function
光學系統設計
Radial Bar Pattern
光學系統設計
Spurious Resolution Using Defocused Camera
光學系統設計
Spurious Resolution Due to 1.5 Wave Defocus
光學系統設計
Homework
Please review the Chapter 10 of the text

book
Design Project Kick-Off Meeting with

Teammates
Guo-Dung Su 蘇國棟
光學系統設計
CAD in Optical System Design
1. The oral presentation and written report will be due on

December 7, 2017 and January 13, 2018, respectively.
Please start earlier to be familiar with the program
2. The default software is ZEMAX
3. The report should be no longer than 8 pages and shorter
than 6 pages, English required. Please use the template
provided by “Optics Express”
4. Discussion is encouraged, but please no collaborations
5. Each student would hand over his own report at the
beginning of the class, no extension at any circumstance
6. Good Luck!!
光學系統設計
Optics Final Design Project
Goal: To design a compact optical system, such as a camera, a projector, an

endoscope, etc.
Purpose: To learn how more complex systems operate, what considerations must
be reflected in the design, and to gain an appreciation for the complexity
of common optical systems.
Procedure:
1. Define system specification ( for example, total track length less than 5 mm for 10
mega pixel image sensors for a camera)
2. Refer to design forms in paper or patent
3. Modify the design in ZEMAX
4. Try to minimize lenses as much as possible
光學系統設計
Optics Final Design Project
Advanced Part
Some interesting Places to get Started:
• Your Text Book Chapter

• OSLO Lens Library
• http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html
• http://www.osa.org/
• Internet

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光學系統設計

Ray Tracing Computer Aid Design

941 U0400 Optical System Design

1st Semester, 108 Academic Year

Week Lecture Date Location Topics

Outlines of Today’s Lectures

Initial entry of lens,

Change design Change lens

How Can We Describe Rays?

In mathematic, only two parameters are

Exact Ray Trace

Find out Incident and Refractive Angle

Find out Q and U for Refractive Ray

Exact Ray Trace (Q U Trace)

Example of Exact Ray Trace

Parameter Object Space Surface 1 Lens Space Surface 2 Image Space

After the First Surface Refraction

After the Second Surface Refraction

Recall Spherical Aberrations

Q-U Method for Spherical Aberrations

Vertex Center of Spherical Surface

Angle a, b, c and d are 90 degree, so abcd is a rectangular

It does not matter if all the points are together here

Outlines of Today’s Lectures

Resolvable Spots in Theory

Ray Trace Curve

Formation of Spherical Aberrations

Typical Transverse Ray Aberration Curves

Textbook pp. 188-190

OPD for Cooke Triplet

Encircled Energy for Cooke Triplet

Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)

I max − I min Modulationimage

Typical MTF Curves

Target Orientation Conventions

MTF of Double Gauss Lens

Simulated Images of Double Gauss Lens

MTF versus Central Obscuration

Point Spread Function

Radial Bar Pattern

Spurious Resolution Using Defocused Camera

Spurious Resolution Due to 1.5 Wave Defocus

Please review the Chapter 10 of the text

Design Project Kick-Off Meeting with

CAD in Optical System Design

1. The oral presentation and written report will be due on

Optics Final Design Project

Goal: To design a compact optical system, such as a camera, a projector, an

Some interesting Places to get Started:

• Your Text Book Chapter

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