Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

First area:
The area enclosed between the curve y  f  x  , the x axis and the ordinates at x  a and x  b is
x b


xa
y dx

Second area:

The area enclosed between the curve x  f  y  , the y axis

y b

and the ordinates at y  a and y  b is 

y a
x dy

Third area:
If f  x   0, for a  x  c and f  x   0, for c  x  b , then the area enclosed between the curve

y  f  x  , the x axis and the ordinates at x  a and x  b is

x c x b

 f  x  dx   f  x  dx .
xa x c

Fourth area:
The area enclosed between the curves y  f1  x  y  f 2  x  , the x axis and the ordinates at x  a
x b
and x  b is
xa
  f  x   f  x  dx .
2 1

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

Questions:

1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = x and the lines x = 1, x = 4 and the x-axis.

x4
Area of ABCD = 
x 1
y dx

x4
= 
x 1
x dx

4
2  32  2  32 32  2 3
=  x   4 1  
3  1 3 
2

2 1  7  
14
sq units.
 3 3 3

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

2. Find the area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2, x = 4 and the x-axis in the first quadrant.

x4
Area of ABCD = 
x2
y dx

x4
= 3
x2
x dx

4
2 3  3 
 2  
3
 3   x 2   2  4 2  2 2   2  23 
3

3  2 
 


 2 8  2 2   16  4 2  sq. units

3. Find the area of the region bounded by x2 = 4y, y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis in the first quadrant.

y 4

Area of ABCD = 
y 2
x dy

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

y 4

 2
y 2
y dy

4
2 3 
 2 y2 
 3 2
4
4 3 4 3  4
 2  
3
  x 2    4 2  2 2    23 
3


3  2 3   3

 

4
8  2 2    32  8 2  sq units.
3  
 3 

x2 y 2
4. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse  1.
16 9
x2 y 2
The given equation of the ellipse   1 can be represented as
16 9

It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical about x-axis and y-axis.
∴ Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of OAB
x4
Area  4  
x 0
y dx

4
3 y2 x2
 4
40 16  x 2 dx ||
9
 1
16
4
x  x 
16
 3  16  x 2  sin 1   
 4 0
|| y 2 
9
 
16  x 2  y 
3
16  x 2
2 2 16 4
 3 0  8sin 1 1  0  0


 24   12 sq. units.
2

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

x2 y 2
5. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse  1
4 9

x2
Area  4  
x 0
y dx

4
3 y2 x2
 4   22  x 2 dx ||  1
20 9 4
2
x  x 
 6
4
4  x 2  sin 1   
 2 0
|| y 2 
9
 
4  x2  y 
3
4  x2
2 2 4 2
 6 0  2sin 1 1  0  0


 12   6 sq. units.
2
6. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, line x  3 y and the circle

x2  y 2  4 .

The point of intersection of the line and the circle in the first quadrant is  
3,1 .

Area of the shaded portion = Area ΔOCA + Area ACB

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

3 2
   y of line  dx    y of circle  dx
0 3
3 2
1
 
0 3
x dx   22  x 2 dx
3
3 2
1  x2  x 2 22  x 
     2  x 2
 sin 1  
3  2 0  2 2  2  3


 3  
2
 3 2  3  
1 
 0   0  2sin 1 1     22
2
 2  3  sin 1   
3 2  
 2 2  2  
  
3   3 
  2   1  2 
2 2  2 3
3 3 2 2 3  2 
        sq.units
2 2 3 3 3 3

7. Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 cut

a
off by the line x 
2
The area of the smaller part of the circle, x2 + y2 = a2, cut off by the
a
line x  , is the area ABCDA.
2

Area ABCD = 2 × Area ABCA

a
2 a 2  x 2 dx
a
2
a
x 2 a2  x 
 2 a  x 2  sin 1  
2 2  a  a
2

  a  a 
2
 a  
   2  
 a   2 
2
 a a2 1  a   
 2  0   sin     2 a 
2 1
  2 sin  a  
2 2 a  2  2   
   
    

 a 2   a a2 a2  1  
 2   a2   sin 1   
 2 2  2 2 2 2  2  

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

  a 2  a a a 2  
 2    
 4  2 2 2 2 4 
 a2 a2  a2 a2  
     1 
2 2 4 2  2

a2    a2   
    1      1 sq. units.
2 2 2 2 

8. The area between x = y2 and x = 4 is divided into two equal parts by the line x = a, find the value
of a.
The line, x = a, divides the area bounded by the parabola and x = 4 into two equal parts.
∴ Area OAD = Area ABCD

It can be observed that the given area is symmetrical about x-axis.

⇒ Area OED = Area EFCD
a 4


0
x dx  
a
x dx

a 4
   32 
3

x   x 
2

 0  a
3 3 3
a  4 a
2 2 2

3
2  a  23  8
2

3 2
a 4a 4
2 3

9. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola and y  x and y  x .
2

The given area is symmetrical about y-axis.

y  x 2 …………. (1) is an upward parabola.

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

Substituting y  x in (1)

x2  x
x4  x2  x4  x2  0

 x2 x2 1  0
 x  0 or x  1

The point of intersection of parabola, y  x 2 , and line, y  x , is A (1, 1).

1  1 
  
 Required area  2   x  x dx   2   x  x 2 dx 
2

0  0 
1
 x 2 x3  12 13 
 2     2    0
 2 3 0 2 3 
1 1  3 2  2 1
 2     2    sq.units.
 2 3  6  6 3

10. Find the area bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the line x = 4y – 2
The area bounded by the curve, x2 = 4y, and line, x = 4y – 2, is represented by the shaded area OBAO.
Let the curves be x  4 y ..........(1) and x  4 y  2 ..........(2)
2

Solving, we have: x  2  4 y

Sub. in (1), x  x  2  x  x  2  0   x  2  x  1  0
2 2

 x  2 and x  1
4
when x  2, 2  2  4 y  y  1
4
1
when x  1,  1  2  4 y  y 
2

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

 1
 co-ordinates of A and B are:  1,  and  2,1
 2

2
 The area of the shaded region    y of line  y of
1
parabola  dx

2
 x  2 x2 
    dx
1 
4 4 
2
1  x2 x3 
   2x  
4 2 3  1

1  22 23   1  1 

2 3

   2  2     2  1  
4 2 3  2 3 
  

1 8 1 1 
  2  4     2  
4 3 2 3 
1 8 1 1 1  9 1 
  6    2    8   
4 3 2 3 4  3 2 
1  1 1 9 9
 5    sq. units.
4  2  4 2 8

11. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 4x and the line x = 3

The region bounded by the parabola, y2 = 4x, and the line, x = 3, is the area OACO.

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

3
3
2 3 
3
 The required  2   y dx  2 2 x dx  4  x 2 
0 0  3 0
3
2 3 8 3  8
 4   x 2   3 2  0     3    83  3
3
3  8 3 sq.units

3  0 3   3

12. Area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the lines x=0 and x=2 is
A. π B. C. D.

The area bounded by the circle and the lines, x = 0 and x = 2, in the first quadrant is represented as

2
2
x 2 22  x 
 The required   2  x dx   2  x 2  sin 1  
2 2

0 2 2  2 0

 0  2sin 1 1   0  0 


 2   sq. units.
2
Ans: (A)

13. Area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 4x, y-axis and the line y = 3 is

A. 2 B. C. D.

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

The area bounded by the curve, y2 = 4x, y-axis, and y = 3 is represented as

3
1  y3 
3 3
y2

Area of the shaded region  x dy 
0

0
4
dy   
4  3 0


12

1 3 3

1 9
3  0   27   sq.units.
12 4
Ans: B.

Exercise 8.2

1. Find the area of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x2 = 4y
3
4 x2  4 y 2  9..........(1) is a circle passing through the origin and having radius units and
2
x2  4 y ...........(2) is an upward parabola.

In (1), we have, 4  4 y   4 y 2  9  4 y 2  16 y  9  0

4 y 2  18 y  2 y  9  0  2 y  2 y  9   1 2 y  9   0
 2 y  9  2 y  1  0  2 y  9  0 or 2 y  1  0
9 1
y or y 
2 2
9 1
But y   y
2 2
1 2 1
When y  , x  4   2  x   2
2 2
 1  1
 the points of intersection of the circle and parabola are  2,  and   2,  .
 2  2

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

 3 2  x2 
    x 2     dx
2
The required area  2    2  4  
0

2
 3
2
  
 2   x 1 x 3
x 3
 2     x 2    sin 1     
2
2  2  2   4 3
3
 2 
 0
 3
2
  
   
3
2 3
2     1 2
 2
2   sin 1
2 2
 0
    2   3  

2 2 2   4 3
  2  
 
 2 9 9 2 2 1 2 2
 2  2  sin 1     
 2 4 8  3  4 3 
 2 2 2 9 1  2 2  
 2   sin   
 4 12 8  3  
 3 2 2 2 9 1  2 2    2 9 1  2 2  
 2   sin       sin   
 12 12 8  3    12 8  3  

1  2 9 1  2 2   2 9 1  2 2 
 2   sin      sin   sq. units.
2  6 4  3   6 4  3 

2. Find the area bounded by curves (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y 2 = 1

 x 1
2
 y 2  1 ..........(1) is a circle passing having centre (1,0) and radius 1 unit and

x2  y 2  1 ..........(2) is a circle passing through the origin and having radius 1 unit.

From (2), y  1  x ..........  3

2 2

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

Sub. in (1), we have,  x  1  1  x 2  1  x 2  2 x  1  1  x 2  1

2

1
2 x  0  1  x 
2
2
1 1 1 3 3
When x  , in (3), y  1     1    y  
2

2 2 4 4 2

1 3 1 3
 the points of intersection of the circles are  ,
  and  ,  .
2 2  2 2 

1
2 1

 1   x  1 dx  2  1  x 2 dx
2
∴ the required area  2 
0 1
2

1
  x  1 1 1 2 x 1 1 
1

1   x  1  sin  x  1   2  1  x  sin x 
2
 2  2

 2 2 0 2 2 1
2

 1  
  2  1 2 
 2   1   1  1  1 sin 1  1  1  0  1 sin 1 0  1  
      
 2 2  2 2   2 
 
 1  1 1 1  1  
 2 0  sin 1 1   1   sin 1   
 2  4 4 2  2  
 1 1 1  1 1 
 2 1   sin 1     sin 1  1 
4 4 2  2 2 
 1    1 3 1   
 2     
 2  2  4 2 2  6 
 1 3 1    1      1 3  
 2          2    
 4 2 2  6  2  2    4 4 2 12 

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 3    3 
 2      
 8 12 4 4 8 12 
  2 3   3
 2     2  
2 6 8  3 4 
 2 3
   sq. units.
 3 2 

3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x2 + 2, y = x, x = 0 and x = 3

y  x2  2 ..........(1) is an upward parabola and
when x  0, y  0
when x  3, y  32  2  11
And y  x ..........(2) is an identity function.

when x  0, y  0
when x  3, y  3

3
∴ the required area  x 
 2  x dx
2

0
3
 x3 x2 
   2x  
3 2 0
 33  3 
2
9
   2  3   0  9  6 
 3 2  2
9 30  9 21
 15    sq. units
2 2 2
4. Using integration finds the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (–1, 0),
(1, 3) and (3, 2).

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x 1 y  0 x 1 y 3
Equation of line segment AB is     y   x  1
11 3  0 2 3 2
x 1 y  3 x 1 y  3 1
Equation of line segment BC is     y  3    x  1
3 1 2  3 2 1 2
1 1 6 1 1
 y  x  1  3    x  1    x  1  6   7  x 
2 2 2 2 2
x 1 y  0 x 1 y 1
Equation of line segment AC is     y   x  1
3 1 2  0 4 2 2

1 3 3
Area of ABC    y of
1
AB  dx    y of BC  dx    y of AC  dx
1 1

1 3 3
3 1 1
   x  1 dx     7  x  dx    x  1 dx
1
2 1
2 1
2
1 3 3
3  x2  1 x2  1  x2 
   x   7 x      x 
2 2  1 2  2 1 2  2  1
3 12   12  1   3  1 
2 2

  1    1   7  3 
   7 1  
22   
2 2 2 2
    

1  32   12 
  3    1 
2 2

2
 
3 1  1  1  9  1  1  9  1 
   1    1   21   7      3    1
2 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2 
3 1 1  1 9 1 1 9 1 
   1   1   21   7      3   1
2 2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2 
3 1 1
  2  14  4   4  4
2 2 2
 3  5  4  4 sq. units.

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

5. Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have the equations y = 2x +1,
y = 3x + 1 and x = 4.

On solving these equations, we obtain the vertices of triangle as:

A(0, 1), B(4, 13), and C (4, 9).

4
Area of ABC    y of
0
AB  y of AC  dx

4
   3x  1   2 x  1  dx
0
4
4
 x2 
  xdx   
0  2 0
16
  0  8 sq. units
2

6. Smaller area enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the line x + y = 2 is

A. 2 (π – 2) B. π – 2 C. 2π – 1 D. 2 (π + 2)

The smaller area enclosed by the circle, x2 + y2 = 4, and the line, x + y = 2, is represented by the
shaded area ACBA as

2
The required area   22  x 2   2  x   dx

0

2
x 2 22 x x2 
 2  x 2  sin 1    2 x  
2 2 2 2 0
  2 
2
4 1
 0  sin 1  2  2   
 2 2 


 2 42
2
   2  sq. units. Thus, the correct answer is B.

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Remesh’s Maths Coaching [Appliactions of Definte Integrals]

7. Area lying between the curve y2 = 4x and y = 2x is

2 1 1 3
A. B. C. D.
3 3 4 4
The area lying between the curve, y2 = 4x and y = 2x, is represented by the shaded area OBAO as

The points of intersection of these curves are O (0, 0) and A (1, 2).
We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis such that the coordinates of C are (1, 0).

  2x  2 
1
∴ Required area = x dx
0

1
 x2 2 32 
 2  2  x 
 2 3 0
 4  3  4 1 1
 1      sq. units
 3 3 3 3
Thus, the correct answer is B.

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