GRADED RECITATION/SEATWORK

Food Nutrition and Health

Food – the term food refers to anything that we eat and which nourishes the body, it includes;
a. Solid
b. Semi-solid
c. Liquids

In order for food to be called two important features are needed;

1. It should be worth eating, that is, it should be edible
2. It must nourish the body

Function of Food

1. Social
2. Psychological function
3. Physiological function
3.1 Food provides energy
3.2 Food help in body building
3.3 Food regulates body processes and provides protection against disease

What is definition of Nutrition?

Nutrition- is the process by which food is taken in and utilized by the body

Explain the process of food in which it undergoes.

NUTRITION = Eating Digestion Absorption Transportation Utilization

What is the definition of Nutrients?

Nutrients – are the chemical substances present in food and are responsible for nourishing the body.

Nutrients have two types namely;

1. Macronutrients
2. Micronutrients
 Both are equally essentials for good health, each nutrients plays a significant role in the body.

1. Macronutrients – these are present in large quantities in foods and are also required in large
amounts by the body

A. Carbohydrates
 Are present in large quantity as starch in cereals, legumes, pulse and potatoes
 Are present in simple carbohydrates in sugar, jiggery, fruits, honey and milk
  Are present as unavailable carbohydrates or dietary fiber, they are present in a form of cellulose
and hemicellulose which are not digested in our body. They add bulk to the stool and help in
easy defecation process

Function of Carbohydrates

1. Provides energy/cheapest source of energy

2. Are the main source of energy
3. Spare proteins for body building function
4. Dietary fiber increase the bulk in stool and helps in defecation

 1 gram of carbohydrates gives 4kcal of energy (kcal) is the measure of energy in food, which
is provided by carbohydrates, fats and oil, and protein

What are the food sources? Research for it on the web, write down in short bond paper (A4), includes
its required (kcal) energy for human consumption

B. Proteins – are needed in the body for body building

 1 gram of protein gives 4kcl of energy
 Proteins are made up of smaller units known as amino acids, a total of 22 amino acids, in
which our body cannot manufacture
 Essential amino acids are those which our body cannot manufacture and hence have to be
supplied through diet
 Non-essential amino acids are those which our body can manufacture
 Identify the different amino acids

Function of Protein

1. Needs for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues

2. Necessary for production of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, hemoglobin, etc.
3. Help in clotting of blood
4. Provide energy, if necessary

What are the food sources? Research for it on the web, write down in short bond paper (A4), includes
its required (kcal) energy for human consumption

C. Fats and Oils

 Are concentrated source of energy in our diet
 1 gram of fat gives 9 kcal of energy
 Fats are made up of small units called fatty acids
 The nature of fats is dependent on the type of fatty acids present
 Fatty acids maybe saturated or unsaturated
 Saturated fatty acids are found in solid fats
 Unsaturated fatty acids are found in solid fats (oils), vegetable oils are rich in
unsaturated fatty acids
 Functions of Fats and Oils

1. Provide concentrated source of energy

2. Reduce the use of protein for energy
3. Carry fat soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K) into the body and help in the absorption of these
vitamins
4. Help to maintain body temperature, the layer of fat under the skin helps to conserve
body heat
5. Act as a cushion to certain vital organs
6. Help in growth of tissues

What are the food sources? Research for it on the web, write down in short bond paper (A4), includes
its required (kcal) energy for human consumption