R.M.

K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

UNIT - I - GAS POWER CYCLES

PART – A
1.1 What are the assumptions made on air standard efficiency? [AU, May / June –2009]
1.2 Sketch the PV and TS diagram of an Otto cycle.
1.3 Sketch the PV and TS diagram of a diesel cycle. [AU, April / May –2008]
1.4 Sketch the PV and TS diagram of a dual cycle.
1.5 Define compression ratio.
1.6 Define mean effective pressure. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
1.7 Define swept volume.
1.8 Define clearance volume.
1.9 Write the expression for thermal efficiency of an Otto cycle.
1.10 What is the effect of compression ratio on efficiency of Otto cycle? [AU, Apr / May – 2010]
1.11 Give the relation between compression ratio, cut off ratio and expansion ratio in a
diesel cycle.
1.12 What are the various processes available in Brayton cycle?
1.13 Compare Otto, diesel and dual cycle for the same compression ratio and with the
same heat rejection. [AU, April / May –2008]
1.14 Define efficiency of a cycle.
1.15 Calculate the air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle if the compression ratio is 8.
1.16 Calculate the compression ratio of the engine working on Otto cycle having an
efficiency of 65%.
1.17 In an Otto cycle, pressure ratio during compression is 11. Calculate the air standard
efficiency. [AU, May / June – 2009]
1.18 What is a cycle? What is the difference between ideal and actual cycle?
1.19 What is the relative efficiency?
1.20 What is Mean effective Pressure [AU, Apr / May – 2010] [AU, Nov / Dec – 2014]

1.21 Why is Carnot cycle not used in real applications? [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.22 Draw the P-V diagram for a dual cycle. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.23 What are the air standard assumptions ? [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.24 As a car gets older , will its compression ratio change ? How about the mean
effective pressure ? [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.25 Which air standard cycle (Otto / Diesel / Dual) is more efficient for the same heat
input? Justify [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.26 Define cut off ratio for a diesel cycle. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.27 Define Mean Effective Pressure. What is its importance in reciprocating Engines?
[AU, May/June – 2012]

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

1.28 For a given compression ratio; the air standard diesel cycle is less efficient than air
standard Otto cycle. Explain. ? [AU, May/June – 2012]
1.29 What are the effects of providing the intercooler in the gas turbine cycle? [AU,
May/June – 2012]
1.30 List out the modifications that are carried out in the Brayton cycle. [AU, May/June – 2012]

1.31 Define the terms actual thermal efficiency and relative efficiency. [AU, Nov/Dec – 2012]

1.32 What is an air-standard cycle? Why such cycles are conceived? [AU, Nov/Dec – 2012]
1.33 What is relative efficiency of gas power cycle? [AU, Nov/Dec – 2012]
1.34 Draw the actual P-V diagram for Otto cycle. [AU, Nov/Dec – 2012]
1.35 Name any four assumptions made for air standard cycle analysis. [AU, May/June – 2013]

1.36 Sketch the dual cycle P-V and T-S Co-ordinates. [AU, May/June – 2013]
1.37 For a given compression ratio the Otto cycle is more efficient than Diesel cycle.
Justify. [AU, Nov/Dec – 2013]
1.38 What is meant by mean effective pressure? [AU, Nov/Dec – 2013]
1.39 What is an air standard efficiency? [AU, May/June – 2014]
1.40 Define (a) Compression ratio (b) Cut off Ratio [AU, May/June – 2014]

PART-B
1.41 Sketch the PV and TS diagrams for an Otto cycle and derive an expression for the
thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure.
1.42 Sketch the PV and TS diagram for a diesel cycle and derive an expression for the
thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure. [AU, Apr / May , Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.43 Sketch the PV and TS diagram for a dual cycle and derive an expression for the
thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure. [AU, May / June – 2014]
1.44 Sketch and explain the working of a Brayton cycle.
1.45 Derive the efficiency of the Brayton cycle.
1.46 Derive an expression for the air-standard efficiency of a Brayton cycle in terms of
pressure ratio. [AU, May / June –2007]
1.47 Draw the actual p-v diagram of an Otto cycle and discuss the deviation from an ideal
cycle. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.48 Define mean effective pressure? Give its expression and state its significance.
[AU, April / May – 2011]
Derive an expression for air the air standard efficiency of diesel cycle. Explain why
the efficiency of otto cycle is more than that of the diesel cycle for the same
compression ratio. [AU,May / June -2013]

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

PROBLEMS
OTTO CYCLE
1.49 The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 60% and  =1.5 What is the compression ratio?
1.50 Calculate the ideal air standard cycle efficiency based on the Otto cycle for a petrol
engine with a cylinder bore of 50 mm, a stroke of 75 mm and a clearance volume of
21.3 cm3. [AU, April / May – 2008]
1.51 An engine of 250mm bore and 375mm stroke works on Otto cycle. The clearance
volume is 0.00263m3 . The initial pressure and temperature are 1bar and 50C. If the
maximum pressure is limited to 25 bar, find the following:
(i) air standard efficiency of the cycle
(ii) mean effective pressure of the cycle.
(iii) pressure ratio.
Assume ideal conditions.
1.52 The minimum pressure and temperature in an Otto cycle is 100 KPa and 27C. The
amount of heat added to the air per cycle is 1500 KJ / kg.
(i) Determine the pressure and temperature at all salient points of the air
standard Otto cycle.
(ii) Also calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a
compression ratio of 8:1
Take for air Cv = 0.72 KJ / kg K and  = 1.4 [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009], [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]

1.53 An engine working on the Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8.5:1. The
temperature and the pressure at the beginning of compression is 93C and 0.93 bar
respectively. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 38 bar. Determine the pressure
and temperature at all the points of the cycle, air standard efficiency and mean
effective pressure.
1.54 In an Otto cycle, air at 1bar and 290K is compressed isentropically until the pressure
is 15 bar The heat is added at constant volume until the pressure rises to 40 bar.
Calculate the air standard efficiency and the mean effective pressure for the cycle.
Take C v = 0.717 KJ / kg K and R u = 8.314 KJ / kg K.
1.55 A certain quantity of air at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature 70C is compressed
reversibly and adiabatically until the pressure is 7 bar in an Otto cycle engine. 460
KJ of heat per kg of air is now added to constant volume. Determine the i)
compression ratio of the engine ii) temperature at the end of the compression
and iii) temperature at the end of heat addition.
1.56 In an air standard Otto cycle , the compression ratio is 7 and the compression begins
at 1 bar and 313K. The heat added is 2510 KJ / kg. Find the i) maximum
temperature and pressure of the cycle. ii) work done per kg of air iii) cycle efficiency
and, iv) mean effective pressure. Take C v = 0.713 KJ / kg K and R = 287 J/kg K.
[AU,Nov/Dec – 2013]

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

1.57 Fuel supplied to an SI engine has a calorific value 42,000 kJ/kg. The pressure in the
cylinder at 30% and 70% of the compression stroke are 1.3 bar and 2.6 bar
respectively. Assuming that the compression follows the law pV1.3 = Constant.
Find the compression ratio, if the relative efficiency of the engine compared with the
air-standard efficiency is 50%. Calculate the fuel consumption in kg/kW-hr.
1.58 A gas engine working on the Otto cycle has a cylinder of diameter 0.2 m and stroke
0.25 m. The clearance volume is 1570 cc. Find the air standard efficiency. Assume
cp = 1.004 kJ/kg-K and cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K for air. [AU, May / June – 2009]
1.59 An engine working on Otto cycle has a volume of 0.45 m3, pressure 1 bar and
temperature 300C at the beginning of the compression stroke. At the end of the
compression stroke, the pressure is 11 bar and 210 KJ of heat is added at constant
volume. Determine the (i) pressures, temperatures and volumes at salient points in
the cycle. (ii) efficiency.
1.60 A six cylinder four stroke petrol engine has a swept volume of 300 cubic cm per
cylinder, a compression ratio of 10 and operates at a speed of 35000 rpm. If the
engine is required to develop an output of 73.5 kW at this speed, calculate the cycle
efficiency, the necessary rate of heat addition, the mean effective pressure,
maximum temperature of the cycle and efficiency ratio. The pressure and
temperature before isentropic compression are 1.0 bar and 15°C respectively, take
Cv = 0.72 and γ = 1.4. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2010]
1.61 For air standard Otto cycle the following data is available :
Compression ratio = 9
Heat added/kg = 1200 kJ
Lowest temperature in the cycle = 300 K
Lowest pressure in the cycle = 1 bar
Calculate
(1) Pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle
(2) Thermal efficiency
(3) Mean effective pressure if air flow rate of 0.25 kg/sec
Assume C p = 1 kJ/kg K and C v = 0.714 kJ/kg K. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.62 An engine works on Otto Cycle. The Initial Pressure and Temperature of the air is 1
bar and 40oC. 825 KJ of heat is supplied per kg of air at the end of compression.
Find the temperature and pressure at all salient points if the compression ratio is 6.
Also find the efficiency and mean effective pressure for the cycle.Assume air is used
as working fluid and take all ideal conditions. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2014]
1.63 A spark ignition engine working on ideal otto cycle has the compression ratio 6. The
initial pressure and temperature of air are 1 bar and 37°C. The maximum pressure in
the cycle is 30 bar. For unit mass flow, Calculate
(i) P,V.&T at variuos sailent points of the cycle
(ii)The ratio of heat supplied to the heat rejected.assume γ = 1.4 and R = 8.314
KJ/mol.K [AU,NOV/DEC 2012]

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

DIESEL CYCLE
1.64 In a diesel cycle, the temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression are
57C and 603C respectively. The temperature at the beginning and end of the
expansion are 1950C and 870C respectively. Determine the ideal efficiency of the
cycle  = 1.4. If the compression ratio is 14 and the pressure at the beginning of the
compression is 1 bar, calculate the maximum pressure in the cycle.
1.65 In a diesel engine, the compression ratio is 13:1 and the fuel is cut off at 8% of the
stroke . Find the air standard efficiency of the engine. Take  for air at 1.4.
1.66 A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut-off takes place at 5% of the
stroke. Find the air standard efficiency. Assume = 1.4. [AU, May / June – 2009]
1.67 The compression ratio of an ideal air standard diesel cycle is 15. The heat transfer is
1405 KJ/kg of air . Find the pressure and temperature at the end of each process and
determine the cycle efficiency. What is the mean effective pressure of the cycle if
the inlet conditions are 300K and 1 bar?
1.68 In an engine working on the diesel cycle the ratios of the weights of air and fuel
supplied is 50 : 1. The temperature of air at the beginning of the compression is
333K and the compression ratio used is 14 : 1. What is the ideal efficiency of the
engine calorific value of fuel used is 4200 kJ/kg. Assume cp = 1004 kJ/kg K and cv =
0.717 kJ/kg K for air. [AU, May / June – 2009]
1.69 A C.I engine working on diesel cycle has the following data:
Stroke: 250 mm
Cylinder bore: 150 mm
Clearance volume: 400 cm3
If the fuel injection takes place for the 5% of the stroke, find the cycle efficiency.
Now, the fuel cut off is delayed 5 to 8% of the stroke. Find the percentage loss in
efficiency.
1.70 If 1 kg of air is taken through a diesel cycle which is initially at 15C and 1 bar, the
compression ratio of the cycle is 15. The heat added is 1850KJ. Calculate the ideal
cycle efficiency and mean effective pressure.
1.71 An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 14. The maximum
temperature of the cycle is 2500C. Determine the efficiency of the engine.
1.72 An ideal diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 with the lowest temperature and
pressure as 27C and 1 bar respectively. If heat added during the cycle is 500 KJ/kg
of air, determine the i) pressure and temperature at each salient points ii) work done
in the cycle per kg iii) thermal efficiency of the cycle iv) mean effective
pressure.
1.73 For air standard diesel cycle the following data is available
Compression ratio = 16
Heat added/kg = 2500 kJ/kg

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

Lowest temperature in the cycle = 300 K

Lowest pressure in the cycle = 1 bar
Calculate :
(1) Pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle
(2) Thermal efficiency
(3) Mean effective pressure if air flow rate of 0.25 kg/sec
Assume C p = 1 kJ/kg K and C v = 0.714 kJ/kg K. [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.74 The volume ratios of compression and expansion for a diesel as measured from an
indicator diagram are 15.1 and 7.2 respectively . The pressure and temperature at
the beginning of the compression are 1.01325 bar and 300K . Assuming an ideal
engine , determine the mean effective pressure , the ratio of maximum pressure to
mean effective pressure and the cycle efficiency . Also find the fuel consumption
per kWhr if the indicated thermal efficiency is 0.5 of ideal efficiency, mechanical
efficiency is 0.8 and calorific value of diesel 43MJ/kg . Asume for air : Cp =
1.005kJ/kg –K ; = 1.4 [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.75 An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18. The pressure at the
beginning of compression stroke is 1bar and the temperature is 30oC. The heat
supplied is 1800 KJ/Kg. Determine :
(i) The Efficiency
(ii) Pressure and temperature at sailent points
(iii) Heat Rejected
(iv) Mean Effective pressure. Assume the Cp,Cv,R,γ [AU,Nov/Dec -2013]
1.76 An air standard diesel cycle has compression ratio of 8 and the heat transferred to
the working fluid is 1800Kj/Kg. the pressure and temperature at the beginning of the
compression stroke are 1 bar and 300K respectively, calculate (i) the pressure and
temperature at each point of the cycle,(ii) the air standard efficiency and (iii) the
mean effective pressure assume the values of Cp and R as 1.005 and 0.287 [AU, May
/ June – 2014]
DUAL CYCLE
1.77 An engine working on the dual combustion cycle has a pressure ratio of 1.41. The
diameter of the engine cylinder is 200 mm and the stroke is 420 mm. If the
compression ratio is 13.5 and cut off occurs at 5% of the stroke, determine the air
standard efficiency of the engine.
1.78 An oil engine operates on ideal dual combustion cycle as follows.
Pressure at the beginning of compression = 0.97 bar.
Temperature at the beginning of compression = 55C.
Pressure ratio = 1.5
Cut off ratio = 1.6
Compression ratio = 11.
Ratio of specific heats = 1.4.

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

Determine the temperature at the end of each operation and the efficiency of the
engine.
1.79 An engine working on dual cycle has a pressure of 1 bar and 50C before
compression. The air is then compressed isentropically to 1/15 th of its original
volume. The maximum pressure is twice the pressure at the end of isentropic
compression. If the cut off ratio is 2, determine the temperature at the end of each
process and the ideal efficiency of the cycle. Take  = 1.4.
1.80 aAir at 1.01 bar, 200C is admitted into an oil engine, which is working on the dual
combustion cycle. The maximum cycle pressure is 69 bar. The compression ratio is
18. Assuming that the heat added at constant volume is equal to the heat added at
constant pressure, calculate the following:
i) temperature at all salient points
ii) total heat supplied
iii) heat rejected
iv) air standard efficiency. [AU, April / May – 2008]
1.81 In an engine working on dual cycle, the temperature and pressure at the beginning of
the cycle are 900 C and 1 bar respectively. The compression ratio is 9. The
maximum pressure is limited to 68 bar and the total heat supplied per kg of air is
1750 kJ. Determine,
Pressure and temperature at all salient points.
Air standard efficiency.
Mean effective pressure. [AU, May / Jun – 2012] [AU, Nov / Dec – 2009]
1.82 An oil engine working on dual combustion cycle has a compression ratio 10 and cut
off takes place at 1/10 of the stroke. If the pressure at the beginning of compression
is 1 bar and the maximum pressure is 40 bar, determine the air standard efficiency
of the cycle. Take  = 1.4.
1.83 In a compression ignition engine, working on a dual combustion cycle, pressure and
temperature at the start of compression are 1 bar and 300 K respectively. At the end
of – compression, pressure reaches 25 bar, 420 KJ of heat is supplied per kg of air
during constant volume heating and pressure becomes 2.8 bar at the end of
isentropic expansion. Estimate the ideal thermal efficiency. Take Cp = 1 KJ / kg K
and Cv = 0.712 KJ / kg K.
1.84 The compression ratio of an air standard Dual cycle is 12 and the maximum
pressure in the cycle is limited to 70 bar . The pressure and temperature of the cycle
at the beginning of compression process are 1 bar and 300K . Calculate the thermal
efficiency and mean effective pressure . Assume cylinder bore = 250mm , stroke
length = 300mm , Cp=1.005kJ/kgK , Cv = 0.718kJ/kgK [AU, April / May – 2010]
1.85 The compression ratio and expansion ratio of an oil engine working on the dual
cycle are 9 and 5 respectively . The initial pressure and temperature of the air are
1.01325 bar and 300K . The heat liberated at constant pressure is twice the heat

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 R.M.K College of Engg & Tech / R2013 /ME 6404 / IV MECH / DEC 2014 – MAY 2015

liberated at constant volume . The expansion and compression follows the law
PV1.25 = constant . Determine
(i) Pressure and temperatures at all salient points
(ii) Mean effective pressure of the cycle
(iii) Efficiency of the cycle
(iv) Power of the engine if working cycles per second are 8 . Assume cylinder bore and
stroke as 250mm and 400mm respectively [AU, April / May – 2011]
1.86 In an oil engine working fluid on dual cycle, the heat supplied at constant pressure is
twice that of heat supplied at constant volume. The compression and expansion
ratios are 8 and 5.3. The pressure and temperature at the beginning of cycle are 0.93
bar and 27oC.Find the efficiency of the cycle and mean effective pressure . take
Cp=1.005KJ/KgK and Cv=0.718 KJ/Kg/K [AU, May / June – 2013]
BRAYTON CYCLE
1.87 An air motor works on Joule’s cycle between 5 bar and 1 bar. The temperature at
the beginning of isentropic expansion is 773 K and at the beginning of isentropic
compression is 293 K. Determine the work done per kg of air and ideal efficiency.
Assume Cp = 1 KJ / kg K and  = 1.4
1.88 A hot air engine works on Brayton cycle with initial and final pressure of air as 3
bar and 1 bar respectively. If the temperature before isentropic compression and
isentropic expansion are 298 K and 923 K, determine the i) heat supplied per kg of
air ii) heat rejected per kg of air iii) work done per kg of air and iv) efficiency of the
engine. Take Cp as 1 KJ / kg K and Cv = 0.715 KJ / kg K.
1.89 A gas turbine working on Joule’s cycle receives air at 1 bar and 15 C. It is
compressed isentropically to 5 bar and then heated at a contact pressure till its
temperature reaches 800 C. The hot air is then expanded isentropically in the
turbine back to its original pressure of 1 bar. Determine the work done per kg of air
supplied and thermal efficiency of the turbine. Assume  =1.4 and Cp = 1 KJ / kg K.
1.90 In a Brayton cycle, air enters at 100KPa and 25C. The pressure leaving the
compressor is 3 bar and the temperature of turbine inlet is 650C. Determine per
kg of air the i) cycle efficiency ii) heat added iii) work available iv) heat rejected in
the cooler of the shaft v) temperature of air leaving the turbine.
1.91 Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on Brayton cycle at 1 bar,
300 K. the pressure ratio in the cycle is 6. If W T=2.52WC, where WT and WC are the
turbine and compressor work respectively, Calculate the maximum temperature and
the cycle efficiency. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2012]
1.92 A gas turbine cycle works on an air standard Brayton cycle. The initial condition of
the air is 25oC and 1 bar. The maximum pressure and temperature are limited to 3bar
and 650oC.Determine the following
(i) Cycle efficiency (ii) heat supplied and rejected per kg of air (iii) Work
Output (iv)Exhaust Temperature [AU, Nov / Dec – 2014].

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