The JLPT N4 Grammar List

# Grammar Lesson 文法レッスン Grammar Meaning

1 ba ば if… then (conditional)

2 dake de だけで just by; just by doing

3 dewa nai ka ではないか right?; isn't it?

4 gari がり personality; tend to~; sensitivity towards~

5 garu; gatteiru がる・がっている to show signs of; to appear; to feel, to think

6 hajimeru 始める（はじめる） to start; to begin to ~

7 hazu da はずだ it must be; it should be (expectation)

8 hazu ga nai はずがない cannot be (impossible)

hitsuyou ga 必要がある（ひつようがあ
9 need to; it is necessary to
aru る）

10 janai ka じゃないか right?; isn't it?

11 ka shira かしら I wonder

12 kamo shirenai かもしれない might; perhaps; indicates possibility

13 kana かな I wonder; should I?

14 koto ga aru ことがある there are times when

15 koto ga dekiru ことができる can; able to

16 kyuu ni 急に（きゅうに） suddenly

# Grammar Lesson 文法レッスン Grammar Meaning

17 made ni までに by; by the time; indicates time limit

18 nagara ながら while; during; as; simultaneously

19 nara なら if; in the case that ~

20 ni mieru にみえる to look; to seem; to appear

21 nikui にくい difficult to do

22 owaru 終わる（おわる） to finish; to end

23 rareru られる able to do something / passive voice

24 saserareru させられる to be made to do something (passive causative)

25 saseru させる to make/let somebody do something

26 sou da そうだ [2] looks like; appears like

27 sou da そうだ [1] I heard that; it is said that

sou ni / sou
28 そうに・そうな seems like; looks like
na

29 ta bakari たばかり just finished; something just occurred

30 tagaru たがる want to do~ (third person)

31 te ageru てあげる to do for; to do a favor

32 te hoshii てほしい I want you to; need you to~

# Grammar Lesson 文法レッスン Grammar Meaning

33 te iku ていく to start; to continue; to go on

34 te kureru てくれる to do a favor; do something for someone

to do… and come back; to become; to continue;

35 te kuru てくる
to start

36 te miru てみる try doing

37 te morau てもらう to get somebody to do something

38 te yaru てやる to do for; to do a favor (casual)

と言ってもいい（といって
39 to ittemo ii you could say; one might say
もいい）

40 to mieru とみえる it seems that..

41 toka~toka とか～とか among other things; such as; like

42 tsuzukeru 続ける（つづける） continue to; keen on

43 yasui やすい easy to; likely to

44 yori より than; rather than; more than

45 you da ようだ appears / seems / looks as if

you ni / you
46 ように / ような like; as; similar to
na

47 you ni suru ようにする to try to; to make sure that

48 zurai づらい difficult to do