SCIENCE CITY,GUWAHATI

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

Submitted by
ABHISHEK ACHARYA
(University Reg. No. - 15120089 )

THESIS GUIDE: THESIS COORDINATOR:

Ar. MEENU CHAUDHARY Ar. KAPIL ARORA

GIANI ZAIL SINGH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING, MRSPTU,

BATHINDA, PUNJAB, INDIA 2020

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Contents

CHAPTER 1 : SYNOPSIS ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 VALIDITY ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 ABOUT THE SITE............................................................................................................... 3
1.4 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 7
1.5.1 Aim ................................................................................................................................ 8
1.5.2 Objective ........................................................................................................................ 8
1.6 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 8
1.7 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................................... 9
1.8 SCOPE OF PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE STUDY.................................................................................... 11
2.1 MUSEUM INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 11
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND : .................................................................................... 11
FROM MOUSEION TO MUSEUM: ........................................................................................ 11
2.3 EVOLUTION OF MUSEUM ............................................................................................. 12
The first public museums .......................................................................................................... 14
The Ashmolean
The first corporate body to receive a private collection, erect a building to house it, and make
it publicly available was the University of Oxford. The gift was from Elias Ashmole;
containing much of the Tradescant collection, it was made on the condition that a place be
built to receive it. The resulting building, which eventually became known as the Ashmolean
Museum, opened in 1683. (The Ashmolean later moved to another new building nearby, and
its original building is now occupied by the Museum of the History of Science.) ................... 14
2.4 TYPES OF MUSEUMS : ................................................................................................... 14
2.5 SCIENCE MUSEUM ........................................................................................................ 15
2.5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 15
2.6 SPACES IN THE SCIENCE CITY .................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 3 : LIBRARY STUDY ............................................................................................ 19
3.1 SCIENCE COMPLEX ........................................................................................................ 19
3.2 DISPLAY AREA & SPACE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 19
3.2.1 SCULPTURES ................................................................................................................ 22
3.2.2 OBJECT DISPLAY FOR CHILDREN ....................................................................... 22
3.2.3 EXHIBITON GALLERIES ........................................................................................ 23
3.3 CONVENTION CENTER .................................................................................................. 25
3.3.1 TYPES OF CONVENTIONS ...................................................................................... 25
3.3.2 SPACE STANDARDS ............................................................................................... 25
3.3.3 PUBLIC MOVEMENT FOR CONVENTION CENTERS ........................................ 25

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 3.4 THE AUDITORIUM .......................................................................................................... 26
3.4.1 Auditorium Seating .......................................................................................................... 27
3.4.2 WRITING SURFACE ..................................................................................................... 27
3.4.3 AUDITORIUM DESIGN ................................................................................................ 28
3.5 CONFERENCE ROOMS ................................................................................................... 32
3.5.1 STANDARD ROOM SIZES ........................................................................................... 32
3.5.2 FURNITURES STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 34
3.5.2.1 ROUND SEATING .................................................................................................. 34
3.5.2.2 RECTENGULAR SEATING ................................................................................... 35
3.5.2.3 CONFERENCE LAYOUT ....................................................................................... 35
3.6 CAR PARKING.................................................................................................................. 36
3.6.1 STANDARDS.............................................................................................................. 37
3.6.2 PARKING SPACE REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 4 : CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................ 39
4.1 CASE STUDY 1 : KOLKATA SCIENCE CITY............................................................... 39
4.1.1 Project Overview ......................................................................................................... 39
4.1.2 Relevance of the case study in Thesis project ........................................................... 40
4.1.3 AREA PROGRAMMING: .......................................................................................... 41
4.1.4 PLANNING CIRCULATION AND FUNCTION : .................................................... 42
4.1.5 LIGHTING: ................................................................................................................. 46
4.1.6 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING: .......................................................................................... 46
4.1.7CONVENTION CENTRE ............................................................................................ 47
4.1.8 SCIENCE PARK ......................................................................................................... 56
4.1.9 EARTH EXOLORATION HALL .............................................................................. 56
4.1.10 SPACE ODYSSEY:................................................................................................... 57
4.1.11 SCIENCE EXPLORATION HALL .......................................................................... 58
4.1.12 SERVICES ................................................................................................................. 59
4.1.13 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 59
4.1.14 CONCLUSSION........................................................................................................ 59
4.2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 60
4.2.1 SITE PLAN ................................................................................................................. 61
4.2.3 SELECTION CRITERIA ........................................................................................... 62
4.2.4 RELEVANCE OF THE CASE STUDY IN THESIS PROJECT ................................ 62
4.2.5 PLANNING AND CONCEPT .................................................................................... 62
4.2.6 ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND CHARACTER ..................................................... 62
4.2.7 ENTRANCE & EXIT .................................................................................................. 62
4.2.8 ACCESSIBILITY ........................................................................................................ 63

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 4.2.9 SCIENCE VOYAGE HALL ....................................................................................... 63
4.2.10 DIGITAL PLANETARIUM ...................................................................................... 64
4.2.11 LAZER SHOW .......................................................................................................... 65
4.2.12 SPACE SIMULATOR ............................................................................................... 65
4.2.13 HERBAL PARK ........................................................................................................ 65
4.2.14 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 66
4.2.14 LIGHTING ................................................................................................................ 67
4.2.15 SERVICES ................................................................................................................. 67
4.2.16 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 67
CHAPTER 5 : COMPARATIVE STUDY ............................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 6 : NET STUDY ...................................................................................................... 69
6.1 GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY – AHMEDABAD ................................................................ 69
6.1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 69
6.1.2 SITE PLAN .................................................................................................................. 70
6.1.3 ANALYSIS OF SPACES ............................................................................................ 71
6.2 NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER , MUMBAI ......................................................................... 78
6.2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................ 78
6.2.2 SELECTION CRITERIA ............................................................................................ 78
6.2.3 RELEVANCE OF THE CASE STUDY IN THESIS PROJECT ................................ 78
6.2.4 ABOUT NSC ............................................................................................................... 78
6.2.5 DESIGN: ...................................................................................................................... 79
6.2.6 ZONING ...................................................................................................................... 80
6.2.7 ANALYSIS OF SPACES: ........................................................................................... 80
6.2.9MATERIALS ................................................................................................................ 82
6.2.10 EXTERNAL FORM .................................................................................................. 82
6.2.11 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................ 82
6.2.11.1 BLOCK A ............................................................................................................... 83
6.2.11.2 BLOCK B ............................................................................................................... 83
6.2.14 INTERIORS ............................................................................................................... 84
6.2.15 SERVICES ................................................................................................................. 84
6.2.16 AREA STATEMENT ................................................................................................ 86

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CHAPTER 1 : SYNOPSIS

1.1INTRODUCTION

National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), an autonomous organization under the

ministry of culture , Government of India is the apex body , responsible for setting up and
running several science cities , Science centers and Science museums in India . It is a primarily
engaged in popularizing science and technology and creating scientific temper and attitude
among the common people in generic and young students in particular, NCSM presently
administers 25 science cities/centers and museums of various sizes situated in metropolitian
cities , state capitals and district headquarters and it has developed 23 more science centers
which have been handed over to respective states and union territories for managing .

Science Centres communicate principals of science and technology through hands on

interactive exibits in a non-formal environment – a method very effective in communicating
science and engaging activities .Research by educationists and science centre professionals in
recent years has revealed that science centre not only provide opportunities for interactive mode
of learning but also provide opportunities for interactive mode of learning but also provide an
excellent opportunity for experience based learning. Further developments have bought up in
new concept of minds-on exhibits that has been widely introduced in science centre and science
museums world over for impressive presentations. Such exhibits not only make the visitors
delve deeply into the subjeer but also create long lasting impression for life long learning .
Scoence centres also organize plethora of science education programmes and acivities all round
the year involving students , teachers ,general public , tourists, housewives, senior citizens etc.
Through temporary exhibition, science fairs, science expos, science seminars etc., millions of
common people are reached, specially the young students , thereby spreading the massage of
science.

The proposed Science city in Guwahati shall be conceptually similar to a modern

science centre but of much larger dimension with focus on frontier areas of science and
technology & modern presentation techniques. It is conceptualized on the theme of
EDUTAINMENT to provide enhanced holding time to its visitors and to make science learning
,effective, impressive, enjoyable and comprehendible . Science City , Guwahati will be
characterized by impressive exhibition halls consisting of state of the art displays supported
by strong activity based learning environment to inculcate spirit of injury , foster creative talent
and encourage scientific temper in community as a whole . The proposed Science city shall have
very strong attractive appeal and will cater to students , teachers ,families ,tourists and general
public of the region. Naturally, it will have strong emphasis on the subjects and content in local
context.

The Science City , Guwahati will use state of the art communication tools and
technology in its presentation with thematic galleries comprising of large number of interactive
exhibits and original artefacts , related to cutting edge science and technology , supplemented
and supported by interesting demonstrations . To make the learning process experience – based
,an impressive capsule Simulator ,Spherical Dome Theatre, 360° Digital Panoramic presentation
, Visual reality exhibits and mesmerizing science shows will be set up. All such facilities will
help for transforming visitors to different frames of reference for a better understanding of
science through impressive expeience .

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 The Science City will essentially serve as a resource centre for disseminating modern
Science & Technology information with greater emphasis on Indian achievement in Assam &
NE region . Once setup , the Science city will become useful , effective and participatory tool
for science communication as it would become the hub of science popularization and non –
formal science education for the entire N.E region . Science city on its inauguration will strive to
become self sustaining through its presentation facilities , programmes and activities . As such
revenue generating facilities , programmes and activities will find an essential and prominent
place in the setting of science City.

1.2 VALIDITY

figure 1 News article of proposed project

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1.3 ABOUT THE SITE

Requisite site area to the tune of 30 acres has already been commited and emarked by the State
Government of Assam for the proposed Science City project at Tepesia village ,Sonapur Circle
,Guwahati , Assam. The site is an approximate distance of 22 kms from the city center and 3 km
away from NH 37 . The earmarked site is beautiful mixture of natural contours of hills, gorges
and plain land .The area is well covered trees , shurbs and similar vegetation . Approximate co-
ordinates of the embarked land for the proposed Science city are latitude 26°7’ N , Longitude
91°55’ E.

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figure 2 Location map of the site

Distance from the city Centre – 22 Kms

Distance from the NH 37 – 3 Kms

Distance from the NH 37 Rupnath Brahma Inter-State Bus

Terminal (ISBT) , Guwahati - 23.3 Km

Distance from Railway Station Rd, Pan Bazaar, Guwahati –

24.9Km

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figure 3 Contour Plan of site

figure 4 Site Slope

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 Contour Plan
`

Project site

Total Plot Area = (214071.46 sq.mtr)

(2303408.90 sq. ft.)
Permissible ground coverage = 14000 sq. mtr. 15 m wide approach
road
Pemmissible Height = One/Two storied

22 m Wide NH

figure 5 Site plan

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1.4 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The project of setting up of Science City ,Guwahati, at an estimated cost of Rs 110.00 crores (to
be shared by Govt. of India and Govt. of Assam in (0: 10 ratio ), based on the proposal of the
Govt. Of Assam and subsequent announcement by the Hon. Prime Minister of India , was
approved and sanctioned by MOC , Govt. Of India , vide order 9-47/2008-M-II dated 26th July
2013. The MOU was signed between NCSM on behalf of Ministry of Culture , Govt. of India
and Assam Science technology environment Council, (ASTEC) ,on behalf of Govt. Of Assam
on 10th Dec, 2014.

The total plot area is 215303 sqm as earmarked by ASTEC for the development of Science City,
Guwahati and other infrastructure facilities. A 32 acre land of area 1,34,499 sqm has been
committed and earmarked by us for the proposed science city project at Tapesia village ,
Sonapur circle , Guwahati , Assam. The site is approximately 22 kms from the city centre and 3
km away from the nh-37. The latitude is 26* 7’ n and longitude is 91* 55’e.The site is a
beautiful mixture of natural contours of hills , gorges and marginal plain land and highest level
is perched almost 100 m higher than the national highway. The area is well covered by trees ,
shrub and similar vegetation

figure 1.
6 6Inogration
NCSM inauguration
of Science city

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1.5 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.5.1 Aim

To design a space for the public & users considering patterns , open spaces , appropriate
lighting & acoustical treatment features to incorporate with the further building design. To
understand and design the space which would help the user to get attached with it and get
connected to the space.

1.5.2 Objective

a) To promote and enhance public understanding of culture of science and Technology .

b) The project will be a source of learning as well as entertainment zone , encouraging and
motivating to learn to the people visiting and will be a source of attraction to someone
who is not visiting.
c) Design a building for the public considering – circulatin patterns , open spaces,
appropriate lighting , acoustical treatment.
d) To create a landmark.

1.6 METHODOLOGY

PROJECT First of all project is introduced .

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE Literature study & Case study help in understanding the project.
STUDY

CASE
STUDY

SITE The selected site is then examined.

ANALYSIS

CONCEPT
One or more concept according to the study done is developed.
EVALUATION
Design will be done.

DESIGN
FORMULATION

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1.7 CASE STUDIES

1. Science City , Kolkata

2. Pushpa Gujral Science City, Jalandhar,Punjab

1.8 SCOPE OF PROJECT

The buildings accommodating various facilities of proposed science city will have a total
covered area strictly not more than 14000 m² in modules or otherwise at split levels. The
overall design should have provision for lateral expansion of another 14000 m² in future,
whenever necessary . The entire layout should be designed in such a way that the building first
phase with total covered area of 14000 m² look complete in all respect. The building may be one
/two storied with an science park in the foreground/ background. The main entrance for the
visitors to the building may be at the ground floor level with a provision for appropriate
ramps/lifts for the benefit of physically challenged person. However depending upon the contour
of the site , an appropriate level for entering to the building may be suggesested.

A) Entry Plaza and Visitors Facilities: (Approximate total cover area 1500 m²)
i. Befitting, wide entry gate for incoming and outgoing visitors, vehicles , etc.
ii. Security office with changing room for security Personnel.
iii. Ticket counters (4 nos)
iv. UPS/Battery room/Electric Control/Fire Control /Surveillance System Control
room.
v. Information Dissemination / Interpretation Centre( capacity100)
vi. Cloak Room
vii. First Aid Room
viii. ATM counters
ix. Wash Rooms
x. Holding area for group visitors
xi. Visitors Parking area for buses (25 Nos) 4 wheelers (100nos) and 2 wheelers (150
nos)
xii. Cafeteria for 200 Person at a time
xiii. Gift Stores

B) Science Park (Approximate area of Science Park 40000 m²

C) Major Facilities :
i. Group 1 – Science Exposition Halls , Panorama, Space odyssey etc.(Total
covered area 10000m²)
ii. Group 2 - Exhibit Development laboratory , office and Utility Spaces.(Total
covered area 1250m²)
iii. Group 3 – Auditorium, Temporary Exhibition Halls and fair convention centre.
.(Total covered area 1250m²)

The approximate area for the various spaces are following :

i. Entrance lobby / Reception - 300 m²

ii. Thematic Science Exhibition Halls (4 Nos.) – 3000 m²

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 iii. Spherical Dome Theatre( Space Odyssey ) - 2000 m²
iv. Digital Panorma - 2500 m²
v. 3d Science Theatre – 100 m²
vi. Capsule Simulator - 150 m²
vii. Sciene Show /Demonstration hall - 100 m²
viii. Science on Sphere Show – 150 m²
ix. Aquarium - 200 m²
x. Innovation Space & Design Studio - 350 m²
xi. Souvenir Shop - 150 m²
xii. Allied Visitor Facilities/ Conveniences & circulation areas - 1000 m²
xiii. Office - 400 m²
xiv. Library / Information centre – 150 m²
xv. Conference Hall/ Meeting Room - 100 m²
xvi. Exhibit Develoment lab / workshop - 300 m²
xvii. Stores - 250 m²
xviii. Pantry , Conveniences etc. - 50 m²

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CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE STUDY

2.1 MUSEUM INTRODUCTION

Museum, institution dedicated to preserving and interpreting the primary tangible evidence of
humankind and the environment. In its preserving of this primary evidence, the museum differs
markedly from the library, with which it has often been compared, for the items housed in a
museum are mainly unique and constitute the raw material of study and research. In many cases
they are removed in time, place, and circumstance from their original context, and they
communicate directly to the viewer in a way not possible through other media. Museums have
been founded for a variety of purposes: to serve as recreational facilities, scholarly venues, or
educational resources; to contribute to the quality of life of the areas where they are situated; to
attract tourism to a region; to promote civic pride or nationalistic endeavour; or even to transmit
overtly ideological concepts. Given such a variety of purposes, museums reveal
remarkable diversity in form, content, and even function. Yet, despite such diversity, they are
bound by a common goal: the preservation and interpretation of some material aspect of
society’s cultural consciousness.

PURPOSE :
The purpose of museums is to collect, preserve, interpret and display items for the education of
the public on one’s history.

2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND :

FROM MOUSEION TO MUSEUM:
The word museum has classical origins. In its Greek form, mouseion, it meant “seat of the
Muses” and designated a philosophical institution or a place of contemplation. Use of the Latin
derivation, museum, appears to have been restricted in Roman times mainly to places of
philosophical discussion. Thus, the great Museum at Alexandria, founded by Ptolemy I
Soter early in the 3rd century BCE, with its college of scholars and its famous library, was more
a prototype university than an institution to preserve and interpret material aspects of one’s
heritage. The word museum was revived in 15th-century Europe to describe the collection
of Lorenzo de’ Medici in Florence, but the term conveyed the concept of comprehensiveness
rather than denoting a building. By the 17th century, museum was being used in Europe to
describe collections of curiosities. Ole Worm’s collection in Copenhagen was so called, and
in England visitors to John Tradescant’s collection in Lambeth (now a London borough) called
the array there a museum; the catalog of this collection, published in 1656, was titled Musaeum
Tradescantianum. In 1675 the collection, having become the property of Elias Ashmole, was
transferred to the University of Oxford. A building was constructed to receive it, and this, soon
after being opened to the public in 1683, became known as the Ashmolean Museum. Although
there is some ambivalence in the use of museum in the legislation, drafted in 1753, founding
the British Museum, nevertheless the idea of an institution called a museum and established to
preserve and display a collection to the public was well established in the 18th century.
Indeed, Denis Diderot outlined a detailed scheme for a national museum for France in the ninth
volume of his Encyclopédie, published in 1765. Use of the word museum during the 19th and
most of the 20th century denoted a building housing cultural material to which the public had
access. Later, as museums continued to respond to the societies that created them, the emphasis
on the building itself became less dominant. Open-air museums, comprising a series of buildings
preserved as objects, and ecomuseums, involving the interpretation of all aspects of an outdoor

11
environment, provide examples of this. In addition, so-called virtual museums exist in electronic
form on the Internet. Although virtual museums provide interesting opportunities for and bring
certain benefits to existing museums, they remain dependent upon the collection, preservation,
and interpretation of material things by the real museum.

2.3 EVOLUTION OF MUSEUM

The architectural design of the museums is the ability to create a special and an inspiring
envelop which provides its visitors with different experiences, according to its cultural message.

MUSEUMS OF ANCIENT TIME (B.C)

• Under the Egyptian dynasty Pharaoh Akhenaton had built a library to preserve antiques and
precious collections.

MUSEUMS OF THE MEDIEVAL (5TH -15TH CENTURY)

• With the spread of Christianity in Europe, the art collections were mainly preserved in
Princess’s palace or in the churches and were used economically by funding arms during the war
and for trading purposes.

MUSEUMS OF RENAISSANCE (15TH - 17TH CENTURY)

• The Passion of collecting antiques has increased and spread all over the European countries. •
Started by king Matthias I in Hungary followed by Frances II in France, Charles V in Spain,
Charles I in England.

MUSEUMS OF THE LATE 17TH CENTURY

• At the end of 17th century the nobles and royals started keeping their collections in "Cabinet
of Antiques" which contained paintings, antiques and some pieces of natural history. • All these
Palaces where later converted into museums officially. ex: Louver Palace was turned into
Louver museum by Louis xiv to present is royal collection.

MUSEUMS OF 18th CENTURY

• The public interest for art and culture became higher after the industrial revolution. Museums
were for aristocratic class but were opened for few days for public.
• New museums such as British Museum in London and Louvre museum in Paris had been built.
• In the 18th century museum building architecture was as follows:
• The museum was with the cross shape plan, with a dome in the center surrounded by
exhibition halls covered by vaults.
• They used solid elevations in case of using top lighting. The main elevation was full of
column, natural forms, with big entrance.
• The light source was always from the natural light by top lighting, so they used the clear story
lights, and large numbers and areas of windows in the elevations to get the maximum advantage
of the natural light.

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 figure 7 British Museum in London and Louvre museum in Paris

MUSEUMS OF 19TH CENTURY

• After French Revolution, French Campaign on Egypt and Damadcus was returned with
Egyptian artefacts which lead to the new museums and more palaces turned into museums.\

MUSEUMS OF 2OTH CENTURY

• After the Three Russian revolutions, new museums had been established to glorify these.

• Adopting a different ideology of the new architectural pioneers which had effected the design
concept of museums to be different from the past

. • New scientific and Technological progress resulted in new types of museums: science and
technology, anthropology and ethnology, archaeology, arts and natural history.

MUSEUMS OF 21ST CENTURY

• New functional spaces have been added

• Preservation and restoration rooms: labs and workshops • Educational and cultural spaces:
library, lecture hall, showrooms and conference halls

• Entertainment spaces: restaurants, cafeterias, and stores for gifts and souvenirs.

• The shift to the digital design technology offered the architects new solutions for their
problems. the new technology provided new ways of presenting artefacts, lighting techniques
and virtual visits for the museums.

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The first public museums

The Ashmolean
The first corporate body to receive a private collection, erect a building to house it,
and make it publicly available was the University of Oxford. The gift was from
Elias Ashmole; containing much of the Tradescant collection, it was made on the
condition that a place be built to receive it. The resulting building, which
eventually became known as the Ashmolean Museum, opened in 1683. (The
Ashmolean later moved to another new building nearby, and its original building
is now occupied by the Museum of the History of Science.)

figure 8 The Ashmole Museum

2.4 TYPES OF MUSEUMS :

• GENERAL
• ART
• HISTORY
• BIOGRAPHICAL
• CHILDREN’S
• ETHNOLOGY
• NATURAL HISTORY AND SCIENCE
• SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ….Etc.

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2.5 SCIENCE MUSEUM
2.5.1 INTRODUCTION
Museums of natural history and natural science are concerned with the natural world; their
collections may contain specimens of birds, mammals, insects, plants, rocks, minerals, and
fossils. These museums have their origins in the cabinets of curiosities built up by prominent
individuals in Europe during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Specimens from the natural
world were also included (albeit as part of an encyclopaedic collection) in some of the earliest
museums: the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, England, the British Museum in London, and
the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. With the development of the natural sciences
in the 19th century, museums exhibiting objects from the natural world flourished and their
number multiplied. In the United States and Latin America their collections often included
objects of physical and social anthropology as well as the natural sciences. Later, natural science
museums responded to new trends of nature conservation and broader environmental matters.
Some established programs for recording biological data for the area they serve,
to facilitate environmental planning (often in conjunction with local planning authorities) and to
provide information to assist in the interpretation of ecological displays.
Major museums, such as the Natural History Museum in London, the Smithsonian
Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., and the American
Museum of Natural History in New York City, hold enormous comparative collections from the
natural world, including the type specimens from which species have been named. Such
museums are international centres of taxonomic work and sustain considerable research
programs.

15
 figure 9 Interior of the Natural History Museum, London.

Museums of science and technology are concerned with the development and application of
scientific ideas and instrumentation. Like museums of natural science and natural history,
science museums have their origins in the Enlightenment. Some of them developed from the
collections of learned societies, others from private collections such as the Teylers Museum
at Haarlem, Netherlands, in the 18th century. A later development in science museums involved
the applications of science, so that museums began to preserve the material evidence of
technological as well as scientific endeavour. Some science and technology museums
concentrate on demonstrating science and its applications; in these museums the preservation of
process is emphasized over the preservation of objects.

Science museums are particularly popular with children as well as adults and often provide
opportunities for their visitors to participate through demonstration models and interactive
displays. Well-known examples of these are at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the Science
Museum in London, and (of a more specialized nature) the National Air and Space Museum in
Washington, D.C. Other specialized institutions include transport museums, such as the National
Railway Museum in York, England, or the Swiss Transport Museum on the shores of Lake

16
Lucerne. Of more recent establishment are industrial museums, which often include a large
technical component.

figure 10 The Air Transportation gallery at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C.

The Science city conceptually similar to a modern science museum but of much larger
dimension with focus on frontier areas of science and technology & modern presentation
techniques. It is conceptualized on the theme of EDUTAINMENT to provide enhanced holding
time to its visitors and to make science learning, effective, impressive, enjoyable and
comprehendible. The Science city shall have very strong attractive appeal and will cater to
students , teachers ,families ,tourists and general public of the region. Naturally, it will have
strong emphasis on the subjects and content in local context.

17
 2.6 SPACES IN THE SCIENCE CITY

I. ENTRY PLAZA
II. SCIENCE DISCOVERY COMPLEX
III. CONVENTION CENTRE
IV. AUDITORIUM
V. SPACE ODYSSEY
VI. MUSICAL FOUNTAIN
VII. LIGHT AND SOUND SHOW
VIII. MAZE GARDEN
IX. TICKET CENTRE
X. AVIRY DOME
XI. DIGITAL PANORMA/AQUARIUM
XII. BUTTERFLY GARDEN
XIII. GUEST HOUSE
XIV. SCIENCE PARK
XV. WEATHER STATION
XVI. OPEN AIR GYM
XVII. PLANT NURSERY
XVIII. CAR PARKING

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CHAPTER 3 : LIBRARY STUDY

3.1 SCIENCE COMPLEX

The design of a Science complex depends on the kind of exhibits. Galleries for the exhibits must
be designed suitably. In a science museum the basic exhibition galleries that can target are:

a. History of science in India

b. Human Biology
c. Prehistoric Life
d. Fun Science
e. Space Science
f. Emerging Technologies

3.2 DISPLAY AREA & SPACE REQUIREMENTS

DISPLAY AREA

• A set of showcases, freely positioned in space, with or without special air-conditioning, may be
used.
• The showcases should be arranged in such a way as not to be directly exposed to the sun.
• Similarly, when artificial lighting is used, steps must be taken to prevent heat being given off
inside.
• Continuous mural showcases, large sections of the exhibition area insulated by means of glass
panels going right up to the ceiling and provided with separate air-conditioning, may be used.
• The showcases are usually built against the walls but may also be positioned in such a way as
to be approachable on all sides.
OBJECT DISPLAY MIN. HEIGHT MAX HEIGHT

FFL mm FFL mm

General - Viewing Band 700 2000

Small Objects - Viewing Band 800 1600

Very small object - Viewing Band 800 1015

Wall mounted items over 1000mm deep 600 2030

Ceiling Hung Items 600 2400

Protecting zone (arm’s length) 305 N/A

19
figure 11 Viewing bands for adults (pink) and pre-fives (blue)

a. All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
b. All objects identified for potential open display will be viewed and agreed on an object-to-
object basis depending on their conservation statement.

Distance Distance Min

Recommended distance to 700mm 600mm
place objects out of ‘casual
arm’s length’ taken from the
edge of the object to the edge
of any proposed form of
barrier

20
c. All the elements in a display should be visually accessible to all visitors. All cased displays
should fall within the general optimum viewing band of 750–2000mm. Ensure everything is
visible from a wheelchair. Desk cases should be no higher than 800mm FFL.
d. Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front portion of a case, with larger
items behind.
e. Provide a toe space of 224mm x 180mm deep around cases and plinths to allow wheelchair
access.
f. Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level.
Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or
people who are small in stature.

700 mm

figure 12 Object distance and height standard

21
3.2.1 SCULPTURES
• Recommended distance to place objects out of ‘casual arm’s length’ taken from the edge of the
object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier- 600mm minimum.

figure 13 Viewing sistance should increase with greater size of object

3.2.2 OBJECT DISPLAY FOR CHILDREN

figure 14 Human scale with display object

22
These are the recorded measurements for child-oriented displays.

Average Eye Height Height standing from Height sitting from

FFL mm FFL mm

Under 5s 700-1075 700-865

5-12 1010-1475 865-950

3.2.3 EXHIBITON GALLERIES

4.01 The layout of public areas in a museum, 31.7, may be based on a simple concept of free
circulation around a single open-plan exhibition space, 31.7a, or on more complex concepts
related to generic interpretive structures. It is important to consider the nature of the narratives
appropriate to the museum’s objects of interest. The storyline of an exhibition may be translated
into:

A linear arrangement of spaces with beginning, middle and end, 31.7b A loop where the
essentially linear storyline leads naturally back to the beginning, 31.7c An arrangement of core
and satellites where each theme or detailed treatment of a subject leads back to a central
introductory or orientational area, 31.7a A more complex scheme combining linear, loop and
core– satellite arrangement of spaces which is specifically structured to account for more or less
stable relationships between collections and interpretive themes, 31.7d

figure 15 A layout concept showing clear relationship between museum and approach to zoning and expansion

In any arrangement of exhibition spaces consider the problem of orientation, at the entrance to
the museum and at key decision points in the museum information and visible clues should be
provided to enable the visitor to grasp the organization of the collections, the interpretive
scheme, and the public services offered by the museum. The aim of orientation is not only easy
understanding of the building layout but more crucially to facilitate access to collections,
information and museum services.

23
24
3.3 CONVENTION CENTER
A convention Centre is large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individual
and group gather to promote and share common interest . A convention Centre is designed , in
most cases for conducting meetings , rallies and seminars . It may also adapted for specific
events , such as appearances by well-known speakers or musicians . In some cases , meetings or
other event take place in centers or building not specially designed for conventions but large
enough to accommodate attendees.

Convention center receives guest from local , national and international market. The various
market segment that visit this facilities are dedicated by all types of events that are hosted.

3.3.1 TYPES OF CONVENTIONS

1. Trade conventions
2. Professional conventions
3. Fan conventions
4. Seminars
5. Social Events
6. Trade Shows/Exhibitions

3.3.2 SPACE STANDARDS

Segregation of public movement pattern and details of the anthropometric standards of various
components of the project:

1. Public movement for convention centers

2. The auditorium
3. Conference rooms
4. Exhibition Galleries
5. Restaurants
6. Central Kitchens
7. Fire Rooms by NBC
8. Vertical Circulation
9. Parking

3.3.3 PUBLIC MOVEMENT FOR CONVENTION CENTERS

Communication and functionality can be improved by efficient circulation pattern in a
convention Centre. People visiting or working in a convention centre can be divided into 5
broad user categories:

1. Public flow
2. Delegate flow
3. VIP flow
4. Journalist flow
5. Staff flow

25
Delegates Flow

Delegates form the most important group of users for convention center . The parking shall led
them to the main entrance foyer which further directs them to their destination . An unobstructed
delegate movement is very important.

Public Flow

Dignified personalities are invited according to the nature of conference. It can also have
relatives and public guests also have access to exhibition areas and hence these areas have
separate access to manage the public flow during the peak .

VIP Flow

They shall either lead to the dais of the main hall or shall enter the VIP entrance which is
connected to the VIP longue.

Staff flow

The staff can be divided into two categories namely the technical staff who are responsible for
the efficient working of the convention Centre while the others are administrative staff who are
exposed to people coming to the Centre

The path of technical and administrative staff diverse at staff entrance.

Journalist Flow

It includes press people , cameraman and diplomats .They shall have direct access to the
documentation center and TV studio of the convention center.

3.4 THE AUDITORIUM

The three-dimensional volume of an auditorium is conditioned by the need for all members of
the audience to be able to see the whole of the platform or stage; and to hear the actor, singer,
musician or speaker . Seating density, floor rake and seating layout are partly determined by this
,partly to give the audience an appropriate level of comfort and essentially to ensure the means
of escape in the emergency , such as fire within the time required by safety considerations and
by legislation.

figure 16 Visual and oral limitation of museum

Visual and aural limitations: a Plan: for a performer at centre stage B there is an arc Y beyond which visual
and aural perceptions are impaired. However, for performers nearer the sides of the stage at A and C
produce more restrictive curves X. b Section: Similarly, visual and aural limits in section also set an arc
centred on the performer

26
3.4.1 Auditorium Seating

figure 17 Auditorium seating: definitions of terms and dimensional information (to be read in
conjunction with Table I): a Plan. b Section

3.4.2 WRITING SURFACE

Conference use may require a writing surface for note-taking. The writing surface may be:

• A tablet fixed to each seat

• A removable tablet
• A tablet pivoted to slide away vertically
• A writing shelf on the back of the row in front, which can be fixed in position, hinged or
retractable,
• A fixed table with loose seat, or
• A fixed table with fixed pivoting or sliding seat.

27
3.4.3 AUDITORIUM DESIGN
Audience requirements
As stated above, every member of the audience should be able to see and hear clearly whatever
is happening on every part of the stage or platform. This is an ideal rarely (if ever) totally
attainable in practice. However, a clear view for everyone of the main part of the stage or
platform is normally achievable in modern auditoria. Where an existing building is undergoing
renovation, further compromises may well be necessary for some seats.

28
The greater the encirclement of the audience of platform or stage, more people can be
accommodated within the aural and visual limitations up to 180° encirclement. With a full
encirclement, the distance from platform or stage is restricted to six rows.

Aural limitations refers to the distances across which speech, singing and music can be clearly
heard without the need for amplification, and beyond which they cannot. For drama, opera and
classical music amplification is deprecated; but it is acceptable for variety and pantomime and
essential for rock music.

Number of seats in a row With traditional seating the maximum number is 22 if there are
gangways at both ends of the row, and 11 for gangway at one end. Thus in all but the smallest
auditorium the gangways divide the seating into blocks.

Row-to-row spacing

For traditional seating the minimum clearway for people to pass along the row is 300 mm and
this dimension increases with the number of seats in a row. For continental seating the clearway
is not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm. Legislation also dictates the minimum row-
torow dimension at 760 mm: this is usually not adequate and the minimum should be 850 mm
for traditional seating.

Gangways are essential escape routes, their widths are determined by the number of seats
served. The minimum is 1100 mm. They can be ramped up to 10%, but only 8.5% if likely to be
used by people in wheelchairs.

29
Seating geometry is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused towards the platform or
stage. Further forms are the angled row, straight row with curved change of direction and
straight rows within emphasised blocks of seats.

Seating density Seats with arms and tippable seat can occupy a space as small as 500 mm wide
(less for seats without arms) with a row-to-row dimension of 760 mm; but can be as large as 750
mm wide by 1400 mm. The area per seat therefore varies between 0.38m2 and 3.05m2.
Increased dimensions reduces seating capacity. Minimum dimensions as laid down by
legislation offer a low standard of comfort and should not be taken as a norm, but the social
cohesion
of the audience
may be lost if the
standards
are too high.

30
31
3.5 CONFERENCE ROOMS
A conference hall, conference room, or meeting room is a room provided for singular events
such as business conferences and meetings.

3.5.1 STANDARD ROOM SIZES

figure 18 Room standards of Conference room

32
figure 19 Coference room layout

33
3.5.2 FURNITURES STANDARDS
3.5.2.1 ROUND SEATING
Round conference tables offer the advantages of intimacy, "equality," and compact, ness. On the
other hand, if status is an issue, or if one wall within the space is an audiovisual wall, this table
shape can be less than satisfactory . The same problems can arise with a square conference table.
In both instances, however, th etotal seating around each table shape must be viewed in the
context of chair size, chairs pacing ,and tasks to be performed atthe table.

figure 20 Round seating measures

figure 21 Circular seating

34
3.5.2.2 RECTENGULAR SEATING
Rectangular and boat-shaped conference sables lend themselves toward formal settings where
status and hierarchy are important. Both table shapes are also more suitable in a room where an
audiovisual wall is placed at one end of the space, or where speakers are making presentations.
The coat-shaped table also offers greater visibility Crothers seat the table, as well as ease of
circulation around its perimeter

3.5.2.3 CONFERENCE LAYOUT

35
 3.6 CAR PARKING
PARKING
a. Entries
b. Services and security
c. Approach to parking
d. Walkway from parking
e. Entrance to lobby

Many security problems can be avoided by keeping the number of access points to the site and
to the building to a minimum.

Such as

i. service entry
ii. staff entry
iii. loading and docking
iv. main entry
v. entry to the parking

vi.
i. Minimum of 2-line way
ii. Turning radius of 5m-12m
iii. Clearance height of minimum -
4m
iv. when a vehicle travels round a
curve the road width it occupies
is greater than the track width

figure 22 Characteristics of various category width on two way

36
3.6.1 STANDARDS

3.6.2 PARKING SPACE REQUIREMENTS

37
 i. Parking stalls should be built to accommodate larger cars.
ii. The larger cars have an over-all length of 5.7m,over-all width of 2.5m.
iii. Ramp angle must not exceed 7
iv. Limit of front approach angle is 14.

VEHICULAR DIMENSIONS

BARRIER-FREE
a. Surface parking for two car spaces shall be provided near entrance for physically
handicapped persons wit max.travel distance of 30m from building entrance.
b. Guiding floor materials shall be provided
c. Width of parking bay shall be min. of 3.6m

38
CHAPTER 4 : CASE STUDIES

4.1 CASE STUDY 1 : KOLKATA SCIENCE CITY

4.1.1 Project Overview
Owner : National Council of Science Museum
Architect : Late Ar. Aftabuddin Ahmed
Year of Completion : 1991
Total Land Area : 49.7 acres or 201136 sqm
Total Built up Area : 45000 sqm
Location : East Topsia, Kolkata, West Bengal

figure 23 Location of Science city Kolkata

The Science City of Kolkata is the largest science centre in the Indian
subcontinent. Managed by National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), Ministry of
Culture, Government of India, it is located at the crossing of Eastern Metropolitan
Bypass and J. B. S. Haldane Avenue. Saroj Ghose, the first director general of NCSM,
who is credited with having conceptualised this centre in 1997. This centre was
inaugurated by two parts: the ‘Convention Centre Complex’ was unveiled on 21
December 1996 by Paul Jozef Crutzen in presence of the then chief minister Jyoti
Basu and the whole centre was opened by the then prime minister Inder Kumar
Gujral on 1 July 1997. On 10 January 2010, prime minister of India, Manmohan
Singh laid the foundation stone for the second phase of Science City in presence of the
then chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee.

39
Figure 24 Panorma view of Science city, Kolkata

4.1.2 Relevance of the case study in Thesis project : Being similar in the function of
a Science city , the study will help in knowing the functions , special provisions and design
requirements.

Science city
convention
center

Science
Park

Science
exploration
Hall

Dynamotio
n Hall

Space
Theater

figure 25 Site Plan of Science city kolkata

ZONES
SEMI PUBLIC
PUBLIC : Convention center - PRIVATE
: Gate complex -1352 23117sqm
: Administrative Area
sqm : Main Auditorium -
:Service Area
: Space odyssey and 2232 seating capacity
Dynamotion-9200 : Mini Auditorium -392
sqm sitting capacity
40
: Seminar Hall - 6 in
No
4.1.3 AREA PROGRAMMING:
Spaces Built- up Area(sqm)

Convention Center 23117

Science exploration hall 28500

Space odyssey and dynamotion complex 9200

Souvenir shops 270

Enquiry 72
Snakes Bar 1360
Toilets 760
Toy Train Station 150
Monorail Station 1050
Ropeway Station 260
Gate Complex 3340
Sheds 918

Fire Water pp.h 180

Water treatment plant 150

Ambulance and fire station 120

Electrical power receiving and distribution 400

Main receiving station and substation 200

o Total Built up area - 45000 sqm

o Land Area - 49.7 acres
o FAR permissible - 2.475
o Total built up permissible - 497811 sqm

41
 4.1.4 PLANNING CIRCULATION AND FUNCTION :
4.1.4.1 DYNAMOTION HALL
I. The word Dynamotion is derived from the Dynamic motion
II. It is a structure that house a 28m high exhibit called rolling ball which shows the
dynamics of large number of rolling balls moving in a different trajectories proposed by
a mechanical , pneumatic and hydraulic forces to demonstrate various aspects of Physics
in fascinating manner.
III. It is 38 m high structure with a spiral shaped ramp around a central atrium.
IV. The form is Ziggurat 38 m high with spiral shaped ramp around the centre.
V. The descending spiral of the Dynamotion hall resemble a massive Ziggurat
VI. It is planned in a inward looking building with a closed atrium.

figure 26 .a Dynamotion Hall insideView

figure 26 Dynamotion Hall View

figure 25 Dynamation Hall interior View figure 24 .a Dynamation Ramp to display area

42
figure 28 Dynamotion Hall emergency exit Plan

DYNAMOTION PLAN

1. The Ground level plan consists of a huge 5 storey descending atrium , containing a huge
energy conservation hall display rising up the full height of the atrium with water
exhibits at the base. The continuous display of the energy ball in the center appears to the
right of the visitor in the whole journey to the podium level of 4.96m .
2. Fire escape ramp having slope of 1:12 runs parallel to the main ramp and ends with
staircase to the podium and then 2 staircase from podium to the ground.
3. The ramp around the staircase allows a continuous view of rolling balls from all
directions at all levels.
4. The atrium and ramp creates a transparent interior space which is visually connected to
all levels : making the space more active and dynamic.
5. Right opposite to the entry , two 16 passengers lifts take you up to the top level of 24.6m
high ramp .From here a visitor descends his journey down on a spiral ramp 4.5 wide
ramped gallery .
6. The hall has two symmetrically placed galleries to the longitudinal axis of the building
containing inspect model displays and water based experiments and exhibits. Opposite
corner of a rectangular hall have service rooms such as electrical room and store.

43
 7. The ramp gallery contains exhibits like illusions, world of attack and fishes on the left
hand side of the ramp for convenient watching.

Elevation of Dynamotion Hall 44

 8. The other wall of the ramp is used as display areas for various displays .
9. Structure system is bulk active .
10. The complete structure is supported on two non concentric rows of 16 column each on a
spiral base.
11. The top of the atrium is together with steel joists and glass on the top for provision of
light .
12. The structure is finished with stone grit all around.
13. It is a barrier free design , there is provisions for handicapped toilet.

CIRCULATION:
I. The circulation pattern offers a memorable experience inside the minds of general
visitors and imparts a clear sequential character of a building.
II. Unidirectional flow of visitors is maintained from the entry to exit .
III. The exit to the main building is through the staircase which leads the passenger to the
ground floor from the 1st floor .
IV. The ramp is 38 m high spiral shaped and 4.5m wide.
V. The spiral ramp provides uninterrupted view of “rolling balls” at all levels and sides .
VI. Service entry is common with the visitors entry and in the ramp it continues on the outer
ramp.

45
4.1.5 LIGHTING:
a. As the major buildings are exhibition spaces , so the lighting needs to carefully analyzed
to meet the requirement of these spaces.
b. A large expense of natural lighting provided from the central atrium by a steel and glass
sky light which gives a glare free and enough lights to lit the whole building .However
the deeper areas and galleries especially insects and aquarium are provided with
fluorescent tubes and halogen lights wherever required.
c. Due to the inward looking , demand of enclosed nature and giving the outer facade of
the building a window free surface due to extra ordinary forms.
d. Provided in the central lobby which connects Dynamotion hall and space odyssey and
hence light the whole area with blue light.
e. A skylight is also provided in the main atrium of the Dynamotion hall which avoids the
wastage of displaying area and light the whole building.

figure 26 Natural lighting of

Dynamotion

4.1.6 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING:

i. Done by the fluorescent tubes in the halls.
ii. Further the exhibits are provided with fluorescent tubes and halogen lights .
iii. This method of lighting not only lit the interiors but also provides the sense of openness
within the building.
iv. The skylight in the buffer zone provides the ample light to the common entrance of the
odyssey and Dynamotion.

figure 27 Artificial lighting of Dyanamotion Hall

46
4.1.7CONVENTION CENTRE
1. The convention center facilities, comprising Grand theater , Mini Auditorium and eight
seminar Halls and open exhibition ground .
2. The Convention facility at the Science city is ideally suited to professional gatherings ,
cultural meet and shows , trade exhibitions, corporate annual meeting etc.
3. All the venues of the convention center are in close proximity to each other and are
within a minute of walking distance from the parking area with abundant greenery all
around relax after long sessions.

figure 28 Convention Centre View

4.1. 7a MAIN AUDITORIUM

The Multipurpose auditorium is ideal for conventions, seminars, and annual general meetings,
theatrical & musical performances, ballet , opera ,symphony etc. Is equipped with variable
reverberation time and sophisticated sound reinforcement system ; large stage (suitable for 100
performs at a time ) with cyclorama stage craft and modern stage light control and projection
facilities and sufficient greenroom spaces etc.

a. The capacity is 2232.

b. Stage size is 27 X 16 m suitable for 100 performers.
c. The capacity of green room is 50 men and 50 women

figure 31 Convention Centre Seating hall

47
figure 32 Convention cenre Plan

48
figure 30 Auditorium View figure 29.a Auditorium Side View

49
4.1.7b MINI AUDITORIUM
The seating capacity is 392 and stage size is 15m X 10m which is suitable for 40 performers.

figure 34 Plan of Mini Auditorium

figure 31 West Elevation of Mini Auditorium

50
figure 32 Section of Mini Auditorium

51
4.1.7c SEMINAR HALL
1. The Seminar Hall complex has eight halls in two floors with spacious lobby ,
registration counters and pantry .
2. There are four lectures hall with a capacity of 96 and two lecture hall with a capacity of
40 each , and one with capacity of 30.
3. One conference room is fully furnished , suitable for conference , meetings etc. for
around 20 persons .
4. In addition a couple of smaller rooms are available for creating temporary office spaces ,
storage etc. for major events , VIP room .

figure 33 Ground Floor Plan of Seminar Hall

figure 38 First floor plan of Seminar Hall

52
53
54
4.1.7d EXHIBITION GROUND
An Exhibition ground measuring 26,000 sq. m is available adjacent to main auditorium for
creating additional exhibition / conference space , food court , display stalls etc. during major
conventions, trade exhibitions etc.
Adequate parking facility is also available for 500 cars.

figure 39 a Exhibiton Ground

4.1.7e MARINTIME CENTRE

1) The center depicts maritime history, maritime activity and related subjects.
2) It is a two storied building having built-up area around 7000 sq. m and it shaped like a
ship.
3) It has been developed by a science city Kolkata in collaboration with Kolkata port trust.
4) Maritime center has on its displays interesting exhibits on maritime activity , replicas and
scaled model of boats , ships and sea going vessels .
5) Depicts maritime history of India, artifacts , dioramas , and interesting exhibits on
shipping and navigation systems. There is unnamed quiz corner also.

figure 40 Marintime Center

55
4.1.8 SCIENCE PARK
It offers a ideal free choice learning environment. In a tropical country like India, the outdoor is
sunny and more inviting than outdoor for the most part of the year. In a science park , people
come closer to plants animals and other objects in their natural surroundings and also learn about
the basic principle of science in an open air learning environment. The park interactive exhibits
are engineered so as to tolerate all the weather .Science park has become a integral part in all
the centers of NCSM. It comprise a caterpillar ride , Gravity coaster , Musical Fountain , Road
Train , Cable cars , Monorail cycle , Butterfly nursery and several exhibits on physical and life
sciences and amaze set up in lush green ambience .

figure 41 Science Park

figure 42 Musical fountain of Sciene city , kolkata

4.1.9 EARTH EXOLORATION HALL

Inaugurated on 6 December 2008 by Ambika Soni, the then Union Minister for Culture, India. A
permanent exhibition on earth is housed in a two storied hemispherical building that displays the
details of the southern hemisphere in the ground floor and northern hemisphere in the first floor.
Slicing a huge earth globe at the center of the hall into 12 segments vertically in each
hemisphere, important features of each segment such as physical geography, lands and people,
flora and fauna and other dynamic natural phenomenon on earth have been highlighted around
the central globe with the modern display technologies such as attractive visuals, interactive
multimedia, video walls, panoramic videos, tilting tables, computer kiosks and 3-D effects

figure 43 Earth Exploration Hall

56
theatre wearing a special Polaroid spectacle. There is a huge earth globe at the centre of the hall.

4.1.10 SPACE ODYSSEY:

The space theater has time machine 3d theater , variety of exhibits in space on Space science
.The space is mainly dedicated to space science.

Space Theatre is equipped with Helios Star Ball planetarium supported by 150 special effect
projectors and Astrovision 10/70 Large format Film Projection system housed in a 23-meter
diameter tilted dome having unidirectional seating arrangements for 360 person immersive
shows on sciences. Now the Astrovision film Adventures in Wild California of 40 minutes
duration has been screening from June, 2013.

figure 44 Space Odyssey Inside view

Space Odyssey Section

57
4.1.11 SCIENCE EXPLORATION HALL
The 5400 sq. meters new fascility , the science exploration hall has the latest infrastructure
provides an enquiry based learning to the visitors, through edutainment , on evolution of life- A
Dark ride Panorma to Human Evolution, Science and Technology Heritage of India and
Emerging Technologies.
This new facility is replete with interactive exhibits which best describe their respective period
and is set up in a more or less realistic ambience. The interpretation area will orient visitors to
the contents of the expositions prior to their visit to the facilities. In a nutshell, Science
Exploration Hall gives an overview from the formation of solar system to the latest in science and
technology

figure 34 Science Exploration Hall

figure 45 Science Exploration Hall Plan

58
 figure 46.b Science Exploration Hall interior
figure 46.a Science Exploration Hall interior
view
view

4.1.12 SERVICES
HVAC:
-Around 900 sq. m of sheet metal ducting has been used for the building.
-The chilled water and condenser pipes exceeds 5km. In length.

FIRE FIGHTING:
I. Fire detection system has been installed within the buildings with smoke detectors in all
the sensitive areas
II. Apart from these detector and alarming system water sprinkler system is
installed at all the stage areas, service areas for which a water tank of
2,00,000 gallon is built near mini auditorium.
ELECTRICITY
I. Requirement of the whole project is 4.5 mva ( Mega Volt Amp) and power is received
from Kolkata and electric supply ltd. at 11 kv voltage level. For emergency , diesel
generators are used and solar energy is used for water heating and all the lighting.
II. One normal staircase , one fire escape ,one through ramp in the building block provides
clear vertical movement . The ducts and shafts are placed in the inner side of the block.

4.1.13 STRUCTURE
In structure truss system is used ,Stone and glass are also used for the exteriors, RCC shell is
also used .

4.1.14 CONCLUSSION
a. The structure is quite comfortable as it is air conditioned, the displays are accessible and
easy to understand.
b. The overall planning of the place is good with comfortable walking conditions.
c. The rope way is one way, we can’t return from it. It should be two way.
d. The science city lake is untidy.
e. The maritime centre is very distant from the internal routes, so it attracts very less visitors.

59
 .LIVE CASE STUDY-2 : PUSHPA GUJRAL SCIENCE CITY, PUNJAB

4.2 INTRODUCTION
Science City Kapurthala, otherwise known as Pushpa Gujral Science City is a haven for
science enthusiasts established by the Government of Punjab. At a distance of 15 km from
Jalandhar, it is spread across an area of 72 acres. Its motto is to help people, especially
younger children, develop an interest in the working of the physical world around them.
It uses concepts from physical, applied, natural and social sciences, engineering,
technology, agriculture, health sciences, energy, industries, human evolution, environment,
ecosystems, Jurassic parks as well as other as other intriguing aspects of space, IT, nuclear
science, robotics and biotechnology. It constitutes of a theatre and digital planetarium
endorsing an engaging outlook onto the undiscovered world. There is a climate change
theatre dedicated to educating younger and older minds to help save this planet. There are
several other intriguing manifestations of abstract concepts. It is focused on inculcating a
creative insight into how the world works and how can humanity as a civilisation succeed
without destroying its natural habitat. The project also upholsters education beyond age,
social strata and profession. They promote learning through experience rather than textbook
hindsight and mugging-up.

Project overview
Architect : Development and Consultants
Total Built-Up Area : 72 Acres
Budget : Rs.100 crores
Location : PGSC is 15 km away from Jalandhar and 5 km from Kapurthla.

figure 35 Location of Kapurthala Science City

Selection criteria: The science city is similar to the thesis project.

Relevance of the case study in thesis project: Being similar in the functions of a
science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design
requirements.

60
4.2.1 SITE PLAN

Site Area = 72 Acres

Total Covered Area = 58274 sq. m
Hardscape + Softscape = 233,098 sq.m

AREA STATEMENT :
Science voyage building = 6900 sq.m
Utility building = 1259 sq.m
Gate complex = 3551 sq.m
Yard toilet = 255 sq.m
Driver rest house 2x62 =124 sq.m
OFFICE building = 267 sq.m.
Dormitories = 149 sq.m
Substation = 325sq.m
Restaurant = 171sq.m
Battery Charging station =111sq.m
Solar power station = 135 sq.m
Bio energy centre = 77 sq.m
Hydel power centre = 120 sq.m
Pump houses = 68 sq.m
Souvenir shops = 210 sq.m
Kitchen = 120 sq.m
Area of central plaza =16000 sq.m
Area of entrance plaza = 8000 sq.m

61
Black top roads = 36000 sq.m
Car and bus parking = 13190 sq.m

4.2.3 SELECTION CRITERIA: The science city is similar to the thesis project.

4.2.4 RELEVANCE OF THE CASE STUDY IN THESIS PROJECT:

Being similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the
functions, special provisions and design requirements.

4.2.5 PLANNING AND CONCEPT

The whole scheme is so generated so as to get an overall flow in the site by careful
placement of blocks within the site. The city is composed of a huge gate complex, science
voyage hall, exhibition halls, convention center and a huge artificial water body. The whole
complex is articulated with the help of two vast piazzas .

4.2.6 ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND CHARACTER

a)The whole complex is imparted with a unique form. The curvilinear gate complex, the
rectilinear science voyage hall and exhibition and convention hall. Almost curvilinear form is
used in the major built area except the science voyage hall which is made as partly
intersected rectilinear blocks and a space at the end.
b) The curvilinear form are complementing to the entrance and the sequential link required for
such a huge site.
c) Building express quite interesting character with the non – vertical nature.The façade walls
are inclines with semi circular openings in case of science voyage hail and the curvilinear shells
with ascending or descending base and cantilevering their small base again with curved shells.
d) The science voyage hail is made out of inclined surfaces, cleverly cut with spherical bays for
the ventilators above and a modem cloistered gallery running at the periphery of the structure.
e) The gate complex is a beautiful balanced structure spanned by a space frame in the center.

4.2.7 ENTRANCE & EXIT

a)There is one main entrance and exit , one service entry to the site.
b)The visitor is allowed to enter through the main double road drive from the state highway and
lands at a vast open piazza in front of the gate complex.
c) The main gate complex being in the center does not serve as an inviting ground to the normal
passerby on the highway.
d)The service entry if from the side road and is hidden.

figure 36 Entry Gate of Kapurthala Science

City

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4.2.8 ACCESSIBILITY
a) The main access to the complex is through a double road, 7.5 m each, leading to the entrance
plaza having a water jet fountain and a star shapes flooring pattern as a predominating
feature.
b) The plaza serves as a great entry but loses its sense of enclosure due to non-availability of
building mass an another side.
c) 15 m wide internal roads runs along the periphery of the site.

4.2.8a INTERNAL ACCESS

a) Access within the site is totally pedestrian starting from the internal plaza with 12 spoke
shaped rays ending at a particular building with the continuous pedestrian spine running in front
of the building series.
b) The great internal plaza serves its purpose of enclosure, movement and access but the vast un
shaded hard surface generated is really uncomfortable and radiates heat in sunny days making it
unbearable.
c) To make the journey and the circulation more interesting there has been a ropeway proposed
inside the whole site with three main nodal points from where it will start.

4.2.9 SCIENCE VOYAGE HALL

a) After entering the hall, one lands himself in a double height hall with a spherical space
theatre on the right side and rectangular hall, 3-d theatre and the health gallery on the left side
and also the laser showroom.
b) The toilets, both gents and ladies, are located right next to the entrance area on the right hand
side, followed by the office , stair hall and service rooms.
c) Comprises of the dome theatre, 3-d theatre, laser showroom, flight stimulator, science gallery
etc.
d) Right opposite to the is the office area, where the director of science sits, and the VIP area.
e) Outside the office area is the waiting area and staircase block.
f ) The emergency exit routes are being used as the normal staircase for general circulation.
g)There are around (80) exhibits at present which are on exhibition in the science voyage hall
which are placed haphazardly in center and sides of the hall.
h) The planning of the science voyage hall was actually simple with spaces for the staff, toilets,
staircase with emergency exits etc. along the two longer sides at the dome, health gallery, laser
show room along the shorter sides and the central space is used for different science exhibits.

figure 49.a Science Voyage Hall figure 49.b Science Voyage Hall inside

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 figure 50 Space Voyage Hall Plan

4.2.10 DIGITAL PLANETARIUM

The most amazing experience in any planetarium is to see the night skies, and to get a guided
tour through the planets, constellations, and their enhancing dance through the seasons, PGSC
planetarium offers this experience each and every time with astronomy, especially the kind you
enjoy in your own backyard.PGSC has a multi- channel digital planetarium system (Digistar 3)
for projection of 3-D color night sky created by real time graphics generator and full dome video
playback system in the 23 meter dia. dome theatre. In this theatre all the sights and sound are
created digitally.

figure 50.b Science City Kapurthala , Planetarium

figure 50.a Science City Kapurthala , Planetarium
View

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 4.2.11 LAZER SHOW
The science city had laser show room for entertainment purpose.The laser show room had a
capacity of sitting for about 30 people at a time.The wall in front of the seating area had a whole
of about 50cm dia.The beams actually throw dots in the nylon cloth but as a human eyes can
capture only about 16 frames at a time they seem to see the whole figure made by the dots.The
laser show room had the control room behind the wall with the circular cut for throwing laser
beams.

figure 51.a Lazer Show , Science city Kapurthala figure 51.b Lazer Show , Science city Kapurthala

4.2.12 SPACE SIMULATOR

30 seat flight simulator provides visitors a sense of adventure through virtual expeditions to
unknown and undiscovered places.It is a theatre style ride simulator where you will sit on a chair
in the capsule and watch the computer generated film on the screen as wide as capsule for a
dynamic fast moving total involvement and immersing experience.The visitors would have a
fantastic real life experience as if zooming through the stars in an alien universe , making death
defying leaps across chasms or burning the formulae one track in your racing car or moving
upside down as in a roller coaster.

4.2.13 HERBAL PARK

. It has many plants with herbal value. It is separated from The Dino Park by an artificially
created water channel in which the boating take place. It is also must visit for nature lovers. All
around Greenary is the biggest plus point of this park.

figure 52 Herbal Park ,Science City Kapurthala

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4.2.14 STRUCTURE
a) The external inclined walls are R.C.C Structural walls and engulf the building on all sides
which is again texture painted in off white. The internal roof is done again in steel pipe space
frame but with pin and ball joint on R.C.C columns.

b) The large span of the ticket counters in spanned with a huge pipe space frames of 3-O depth
covered with steel shingles on the top thereby making a scientific statement, And provide a 3D
form in the ceiling which otherwise would have emerged as a flat unimpressive roof.

c) The R.C.C shell structure is used to make the curved façade features. Cantilevered overhangs
are anchored to the columns at the back and heavy foundation at the base to give a perfect
support.
d) The outer dome of the dome theatre in the science voyage hall is constructed out of steel
plates supported on a skeleton of R.C.C frame and inner dome is made out of steel pipe structure
covered in aluminum perforated painted sheets.

e) The outer surface of the dome is clad with mosaic tiles.

figure 53.b Structural wall

figure 53.a Structural Girders

figure 53.c Structural girders shed

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 4.2.14 LIGHTING
The light into the interiors of the science voyage hall is achieved with the help of window and
set of ventilators where required. General lighting is done with the help of mercury lamps
hanging from the space frame above.

figure 54 Gate Complex figure 55 Covention hall entrance

4.2.15 SERVICES
a) Gate complex and science voyage hall have different electrical backups.
b) Four tube wells are provided to fulfill the water supply with a large storage tank.
c) Have its own individual sewerage treatment plant.
d) For fire safety a cooling system of two water tanks are provided having direct access to all
buildings through pipes.
e) Fire extinguishers and water sprinklers are installed within all building complex.
f) Utility building have A/C plant and water tanks for cooling system.

4.2.16 CONCLUSION
a) Complex is unified with the half of two paved piazzas
b) Ambience of the area is beautiful and relaxed
c) Presence of hard areas is not justified
d) Nonfunctional gate complex over power simple blocks with in.
e) Wastage of space within the administrative block and cloak room.
f) Entertainment zone for public.

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CHAPTER 5 : COMPARATIVE STUDY

PARAMETERS SCIENCE CITY, KOLKATA PUSHPA GUJRAL

SCIENCE CITY,
KAPURTHALA

AREA 49.7 ACRES OR 201128.8 SQM 88ACRES OR 356123SQM

BUILT UP AREA 11.119 ACR ES OR 45000SQM 72ACRES OR 291374SQM

FOOTFALL 60,000 PER DAY 5,000 PER DAY

FORM SQAURE SITE, SPHEROID AL, CURVILINE AR, SEMI

DOMICAL. SHIP SHAPE CIRCULAR , CURVED
BUILDING. SHELL

STRUCTURE AND TRUSS STRUCTU RE, RCC RCC ANS SHELL

MATRIAL SHELL STRUCTU RE.STONE, STRUCTUR E , FRAME
STEEL, GLASS. STRUCTUR E, PIPE
STRUCTUR E. ALUMINIU
M PERFORAT ED PAINT,
MOSAIC TILES

ISSUE THE SCIENCE LAKE IS HEAVY MASS

UNTIDY. STRUCTUR E

68
CHAPTER 6 : NET STUDY

6.1 GUJARAT SCIENCE CITY – AHMEDABAD

6.1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Owner: Gujarat Council of Science City
Location: Hebatpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Area: 154 acres

figure 56 Location of Science City ,Ahmedabad

Selection criteria: The science city is similar to the thesis project.

Relevance of the case study in thesis project: Being similar in the functions of a science city,
the case study will help in knowing the functions, special provisions and design requirements.

About GSC, Ahmedabad

i. Gujarat, on the western coast of India, is one of the most prosperous and progressive Indian
states. It came into existence in 1960 when it was separated from the State of Bombay.

ii. The science city is located in Hebatpur and featuring an IMAX 3D theatre, energy park, life
science park and musical fountain, the Gujarat Science City is a great place for for students.

iii. The Gujarat Science City is an initiative by the government to push children towards
scientific studies.

iv. It is visited by 3,000 (average) visitors per day.

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 6.1.2 SITE PLAN

SITE AREA :154 acres

BUILT –UP
AREA :46029 sq.m

figure 57 Site Plan of Science City ,Ahmedabad

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 6.1.3 ANALYSIS OF SPACES
6.1.3.1 IMAX THEATER
i. The project for the IMAX Theatre at Science City, Sola Road, Ahmedabad, was commissioned
to the firm by the "Gujarat Council of Science City."

ii. The major components of the program are a theatre with 651 seats for 2D films and 556 seats
for 3D films. In addition to the IMAX theatre, there is a 50 cover specialty restaurant, a 100
cover multi-cuisine cafeteria, Cyber café, Exhibition and 3d virtual reality video games area.
During normal functioning, a total of a 1000 persons will be present inside various parts of the
complex and another 300 to 500 persons outside on the plaza.

iii. The building is conceived to engage our sensibilities in such a manner that our understanding
of Nature and its relationship to Man, Science and Technology is enhanced.

iv. The Theme of Knowledge through Illusion & Reality as experienced through IMAX
technology is used to give direction to the architectural experience. The Complex is designed
so that the visitor`s experience oscillates between Natural and Manmade, Virtuality and
Reality while moving through the site.
v. The lotus forms the focus of creation in Indian mythology. Hence, aptly the lotus plaza is the
fulcrum around which the sequence of entering and exiting the complex revolves. This circuit
is traversed through descending into the depths of the earth into an exhibition of nature and
technology called the "Spiral of Knowledge". The route through the "Spiral of Knowledge"
culminates in the Entrance Foyer.

vi. An 8m wide and 6m high series of mirrors forms a Periscope- the focus of the Entrance Foyer.
This Periscope not only demonstrates the fundamental principle of Optics, but also forms a
social space where people gather to watch others descend into the tunnel from the plaza above.
The periscope floods the Foyer with natural light reducing day-lighting loads in this
subterranean chamber thus saving energy. From this foyer, one enters the IMAX theatre where
technology enables us to experience nature at a supra scale, albeit `virtually`. The route ends
back at the Lotus plaza and brings viewers back in physical contact with the natural world.

vii. The themes of point-counter point, gateway and event in architecture are explored by setting
the theatre block and restaurant block at two ends of the
viii. Lotus plaza. The five elements: the five lotus ponds distributed over the surface of the plaza
represent Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Ether.
ix. A variety of lotus and water lilies in five colours grow in these ponds along with fish, algae
and other organisms to complete a fully sustainable micro world representing our bio diversity
and ecological sustainability.

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figure 58 Plan of Imax Theater

figure 59 Section of Imax Theater

figure 60 Imax Theater figure 61 Imax Theater figure 62 Imax Theater

Entrance Natural Lighting inside circulation

72
6.1.3.2 HALL OF SPACE
i. The Hall of Space in the Gujarat Science City has been designed as a high- tech exhibition
involving latest techniques with an area of 20,000 sq ft.

ii. Interactive and educative exhibits of Hall of Space expose the visitor to the technologies of
communication through sound / signals / codes and satellite.

iii. The pavilion gives the visitor an insight into the working of satellites, mobile telephone,
Internet and the application and usage of these technologies in real life.

iv. The exhibits include simulated journey through the space, animatronics with sound -
synchronized pneumatic robots, computer-controlled multi-screen panoramic projection,
precision interactive exhibits on experiments planned by NASA, touch-screen computer
multimedia programs.

figure 63 Hall of Space

6.1.3.3 THRILL RIDER

I. It is created to give people a joyride and an experience similar to that of sitting in a
rocket remains unused most of the time.
II. Ride simulations provides the experience of
III. riding a roller coaster, flying in an aerobatic aircraft, a journey into space and many
more.

figure 64 Thrill Rider

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6.1.3.4 PLANET EARTH PAVILION

i. It awares, educate and train the people about various types of natural disasters like
earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides etc and highlight the exquisite beauty and abundant truths of
our planet earth.

ii. It highlights the need for disaster management and preparedness for the natural disasters and
to update the people on the technology used for detecting and studying earthquakes, cyclones,
landslides and the related research activities.

iii. The Pavilion is being constructed over an area of 9000 sq.m hexagonal grid pattern with a
unique dome structure having 50-meter diameter, one of the largest domes in India.

iv .The main section of the Planet Earth pavilion includes

a)Underground Coal Mine
b) Disaster of Bhuj Earth Quake
c)Dynamotion
d) Natural Disaster
e) Disaster Management
f) Dynamic Earth
g) Children Activity Corner
h) Life in Water
i) Evolution of Life
j) Bio Diversity of Gujarat
k) Human Anatomy l)
Agriculture
m) Energy Reserve
n) Rocks and Minerals
o) Planetarium which individually, designed to have sufficient number of exhibits to justify its
importance and its relevance for public understanding and interaction.
v. Total number of exhibits inside the Planet Earth Pavilion is 657 nos.

figure 65 Planeterium Science City Ahmedabad

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6.1.3.5 UNDERGROUND COAL MINE
It is an Underground Coal Mine where visitors can experience a virtual tour about 5000 feet
below ground level to reach mine. After that they will pass inside the mine where they can see
the different types of coal cutting process, coal transportation, and various equipment and safety
precautions inside the mines. It has capacity of 100 persons.

6.1.3.6 4D THEATRE ON NATURAL DISASTERS

It is a multi-dimensional Theatre where visitors can feel the smell of flowers, movement of
Earth Quake, water spray to simulate heavy rain fall, snow fall, desert storm, fire, and hot air
blow during desert storms with the visual 3D film. It has capacity of 48 persons.

6.1.3.7 EARTH QUAKE EXPERIENCE RIDE

Inside the Dynamic Earth Section there is a provision of Earthquake Demonstration corner -- An
earthquake platform on a hydraulic simulator, suitable for 15-20 visitors, giving a life-like
experience of random tremors of earthquakes. A video projection will indicate the intensity in
Richter scale, the location of the epicenter, secondary tremors and destruction caused by the
earthquake.

6.1.3.8 INFLATABLE PLANETARIUM

It is a 20 minute video which shows the mysteries of the universe.

6.1.3.9 MUSICAL DANCING FOUNTAIN

It is one of the largest musical fountain of India. Spread over an area of 9000 sq.m in hexagonal
grid pattern, the Musical Fountain at science city is claimed to be the Asia’s largest one.The
pool of the fountain is rectangular shaped and covers an area of 1300 square meters.

6.1.3.10 AMPHITHEATRE (OPEN AIR THEATRE)

Beautiful science inspires artists, is a description by Ivan Noble. With this concept Science City constructed a
1500 seat Amphitheatre for organizing programs like science drama, miracles and magic shows and other
entertainment programmes.
With little imagination, students and community members can create an environment where the facts and
figures of science combine with the excitement, emotion and energy of the theatre.

figure 66 Musical Dancing Fountain figure 67 OAT Science City , Ahmedabad

6.1.3.11 ENERGY PARK

i. Energy Education Park (SEEP), spreading over a hexagonal grid pattern area measuring 9000
sq.m is being developed at the Gujarat Science City. Gujarat Science City has received a
financial assistance from the Ministry of Non- conventional Energy Sources (MNES) and the
work has been executed in association with Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA).

75
 ii. The Energy Park exhibits are classified according to five basic elements (Panchbhuta) as
propounded in ancient Indian Philosophy. These elements are

a) Tej (Energy from the Sun),

b) Marut (Energy from the Wind),
c) Ap (Energy from the Water),
d) Kshiti (Energy from the Earth)
e) Byom (Exploration of space).

iii. The civil and land scaping work is almost in completion stage. Exhibits on wind energy,
solar energy, petroleum rigs, Sardar Sarovar Dam etc. have been installed and some are in
progress.

iv. Energy Plantation work has just started over an area of 2 hectare land.

v. Two number of Battery Operated Passenger Vehicle has been ordered from BHEL, one
delivered and other one in pipeline.

figure 68 Energy Park

6.1.3.12 LIFE SCIENCE PARK

The Life Science Park at Gujarat Science City has been developed over an area of 9000 sq.
meter, aims to bring science and nature to life.

The main objective of this interactive andoutdoor park is to enthuse children in the study of
nature and in evolution, propagation and sustenance of life on this planet.
Through various activities in the Life Science Park, children will develop a sense of care and
love towards plants and animals around them

6.1.3.13 MAIN ATTRACTIONSAT LIFE SCIENCE PARK

a. -Cretaceous Park,
b. -Aviary Corner & Non flying Bird Corner,
c. -Cactus Corner & Succulent Corner,
d. -Ornamental, Economical, Aromatic & Medicinal Plant Beds,
e. -Tissue culture Lab,
f. -Butterfly Park and
g. -River System

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6.1.3.14 AREA STATEMENT

Spaces Built up Area (sq. m.)

Hall of Space 1858.0608

Expo Ground 6364.28

Life Science Park 9000

Energy Park 9000

Musical Fountain 1300

Planet Earth Pavilion 9000

Ampitheatre 9507.14

6.1.3.15 STRUCTURE

a. The site plan has honeycomb like structure , hexagons are combined together.
b. Shell structure is used.
c. Colunms are used for aesthetical purpose in electrodrome area.
d. RCC and truss structure is used.

6.1.3.16 CONCLUSSION
a. The ambience of the science city is good and relaxing.
b. Circulation is easy.
c. There is cleanliness issues in the spaces like spit in the corners.
d. In some spaces machines are not working properly.
e. The attractions in science city is great, but it needs maintenance not only by the authority
but also by the visitors.

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 6.2 NEHRU SCIENCE CENTER , MUMBAI
6.2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Owner: National Council of Science Museum

Architect: Achyut Kanvinde
Structural consultants: Engineering consultant, New Delhi
Contractors: Raunaq International ,New Delhi Electrical consultants: Krishen Associates ,New
Delhi Air conditioning consultant: NP Gupta, New Delhi
Year of commencement: 1979
Year of completion: 1982
Location: Dr E Moses Rd, Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra

figure 69 Location of Science Center , Mumbai

6.2.2 SELECTION CRITERIA: The science center is similar to the thesis project.

6.2.3 RELEVANCE OF THE CASE STUDY IN THESIS PROJECT: Being

similar in the functions of a science city, the case study will help in knowing the functions,
special provisions and design requirements.

6.2.4 ABOUT NSC

Nehru Science Centre first conceived as science and tech museum in 60’s was shaped into then
India’s largest science centre in 1977. It is the largest Science Centre in the country, spread over
14 acres with a sprawling 8acres of science park and 15000sqm of built up space. It is the zonal
headquarters of five Science Centres in Nagpur, Calicut, Bhopal, Dharmapur and Goa.

It is visited by about 6,00,000 people every year who experience and enjoy the basic principles
of Science and Technology. Its natural and free environment provides a perfect picnic
destination to the students to learn, familiarize and to have a glimpse of innovations in science
education.

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6.2.5 DESIGN:
a. The design has all the attributes of modernism, appropriate to the technological character
of the building. Befitting a science museum the design is more functional than cultural- an
unpredictable and changing mix of architectural forms and facades presenting and utterly
unexpected form for museum building.
b. Modular Design- Its design is basically modular but the reception of module is not
predictable.
c. The form further develops into a multi directional module with central service cores
structural shafts. The entire requirements are resolved in four major modular units.
d. The circulation broadly falls under two basic needs- the movement of people and of the
exhibits.
e. The entire complex has been built out with structure for functions like the reception
centre, the workshops, the museum and science park. The main access road to the site
bifurcates near this road. One of the bifurcations leads to the museum building by passing
the science park and acting also as a service road as it links the entrances to the temporary
exhibition halls and depositories to the main access road.

figure 70 Design of Nehru Science Centre ,Mumbai

Total built-up area = 6291 sq. m.

Total plot area = 32,376 sq. m

. FAR = 1:5

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6.2.6 ZONING

figure 71 Zoning of Nehru Science Centre , Mumbai

i. The Science Centre building has four blocks, Block A, Block B, Block C and Block D.
ii. Block A and Block B, Block C and Block D are identical in shape and size with different
functions.
iii. The shape of the building facilitates the placement of exhibits.

6.2.7 ANALYSIS OF SPACES:

6.2.7.1 SCIENCE PARK
The children’s science park, the first ever in the country, was a gift to the children of Mumbai
from NCSM in 1979, the international year for children. It is a science centre without walls.
Large and sturdy exhibits covering various fields of science and technology are interspersed
with colourful landscape to present a unique playground where education through fun is
followed.

The science park is spread over an area of 4 hectares of land. It has various transportation relics
and scientific exhibits. The park is designed thoughtfully with natural and artificial shades and
resting places. Even though the total distance from the main gate to the museum building is
about 350m, the walk is not found long and tiring because of the pathway leading through a
beautifully laid out science park. The park houses a sundial and a sand hour glass which are the
time markers, while the birds, animals, fish, water, plants, flowers, green lawn and trees
represent nature. A series of inclined planes, pulleys and gears for easing man’s efforts in doing
work, turn tables to watch action and reaction, underground speaking tubes for sound
transmission, water wheels, Archimedes screw, a combination of colour filters revealing a
colourful landscape and many more make science more meaningful to the human mind. The
objects of historical importance such as horse drawn tramcar, electric tramcar, locomotives etc.
and beautifully shaped water bodies, animal cages and aviaries contribute to make the science
park different then the amusement park

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6.2.7.2 RECEPTION COUNTER
It is a small attractive structure placed near the parking lot, which was initially designed to
receive and guide visitors to the museum. But later it was converted into an administrative area.
Similar to the museum the plan is evolved from a ‘Greek cross’.

The central part of the structure for the sunlight and the raised part is coupled with 4 sloping
roofs for the 4 arms of the cross. The reception centre consists of area such as 4 cabins for the
directors of NSC, NCSM, technical officer and administrative officer, meeting rooms and the
general office.

6.2.7.3 WORKSHOPS
These are located near the entrance presently in temporary structures. There are 3 main sections
– fabrication, assembly and arts.

I. Fabrication and Assembly Workshop – these functions are done in a small hall. It
consists of various light machines like lathe machine, bund saw, sheet metal binder,
bench drill etc. All the exhibits are fabricated in this section and then sent for
assembling where the fitters and turners put together the fabricated material and send
for painting.
II. Arts Workshop – this section consists of artist’s studios and cabins for staff and
general area for designers and artists.

6.2.7.4 SCIENCE MUSEUM

It is situated on the western side of the plot and composed of blocks A, B, C and D. the sloping
nature of the site has considerably influenced the design of the blocks (providing split levels in
the exhibition halls).

The number of window openings has to be reduced to have maximum wall surface for the
exhibits. Hence artificial ventilation becomes important. Wide shafts had to be used for this
purpose forming an integral part of the design.

6.2.8 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

I. As the site is reclaimed, since it was a marshy land, pile foundation had to be used.
II. ii. The structural system is conceived with structural supports placed at 12.0m c/c.
These supports are made up of hollow
III. 2.3mX2.15m L.C.
IV. concrete tube which functions both as structural components and conceal the air
distribution system and the services.
V. Large unobstructed spans were essential for the exhibition halls of the science centre.
Therefore ribbed or waffle slab is used. The floor slab consists of 0.9mX0.9m fabricated
or pre-cast R.C.C. waffle units.

81
 6.2.9MATERIALS
The exterior surface of the structure, for low maintenance cost, is finished with local grey stone,
grit plaster with grey cement (1:1) panels created by making grooves on the grit plaster at certain
intervals. The finish, although good in appearance has certain disadvantages, such as –

a) The grooves left between the panels are not watertight and are a cause of heavy leakage
during the monsoon.
b) Rich mixture of cement has been used to cast large panels which have cracked due to
expansion and contraction. Even these cracks are the cause of monsoon leakage
c) The grit plaster used does not hold on R.C.C. surface therefore patches of shot- crete
fallen from a few places spoiling the elevation.

6.2.10 EXTERNAL FORM

The building looks interesting when viewed from all the angles. It creates a sense of curiosity
and mystery in the minds of the visitors.

The science museum with its immense proportions and massing does not overpower the visitor’s
senses.

The shot-crete used gives a rugged and stark look to the structure; vertical and horizontal
grooves are introduced.

The building has few windows minimising theelevational features and

shafts have been skilfully used to add interest to the elevation and have served in animating the
skyline.

figure 72 Entrance View of

Science Centre

6.2.11 STRUCTURE
The main access to the structure is through a flight of shallow steps with an ascending stepped
bridge which opens into a spacious podium on the first floor level of block B, instead of the
conventional pattern of entering the structure at ground level.

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figure 37 Section of Nehru Science Centre , Mumbai
6.2.11.1 BLOCK A
This block houses the administrative and technical staff and the permanent office. Block A is
connected to the first floor and ground floor level to block B.

6.2.11.2 BLOCK B
i. The main entrance of the museum is a three-storey structure consisting of two hexagons
connected by a rectangular staircase block. Each hexagon forms a display area of 500 sq.
m.
ii. ii. The first floor of this block houses the central hall and the hall of science.
iii. As one enters the entrance hall from the open air podium one sees a massive exhibit
based on the principles of conservation of energy. Behind this exhibit is the main
staircase leading to the other exhibition halls.
iv. On the right hand side of the entrance is the reception along with the souvenir shop and
the waiting area.
v. On the split level 1.3m higher than the entrance hall is the ‘Fun Science’ gallery housing
interesting exhibits. Halls on the second floor are devoted to ‘Light and Sight’ and
‘Sound and Hearing’ exhibits.
vi. The third floor comprises of the ‘Discovery Hall’ and the computer section. The
Discovery hall is connected by a passage to ‘The Hall of Nature’ in block C. these
passages connecting different blocks are in the form of fully glazed corridors.
vii. On the ground floor of block B is the cafeteria and temporary exhibition gallery. The
basement houses services such as the depository, kitchen and storage for the science
museum

6.2.11.3 BLOCK C
It is similar to block B and comprises of various display areas such as ‘Hall of Industries’ and
the ‘C.V. Raman’ hall on the ground floor. ‘Evolution’ and ‘Heritage’ on the first floor,
‘Heritage’ and Activities Hall on the second floor and the hall of Nature on the third floor.

6.2.11.4 BLOCK D
It houses the auditorium, library and conference hall. It has an independent access, which leads
to a common entrance for both the library and the auditorium. The entrance doors are very
narrow and at 45 degree angle causing great inconvenience to the visitors.

6.2.12 CIRCULATION
i. The circulation pattern broadly falls under two basic needs – the movement of people
and that of the exhibits.
ii. Visitors enter the main hall on the first floor level of the B block through a flight of steps
leading from the landscaped forecourt. From the main hall they are gradually routed
through the exhibition area.
iii. The circulation route directs the public to the second floor from where they ascend
viewing the exhibits. Through the central staircase in block B one ascends to the
Discovery Hall. From here one moves on to block C reaching the Hall of Nature.

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 iv. The visitor then starts to descend in this block, passing through the Hall of Industries and
Heritage Hall to reach the ground floor level to the temporary exhibition halls. After
exploring them, the visitor comes to the café lobby. One climbs up to the entrance hall to
exit from the stepped bridge.
v. Material circulation is a very important aspect of museum design, which is organised by
bringing the material to be stored to the depository in the basement by a vehicular ramp.
The materials used in fabrication are sent to the workshop.
vi. Material movement in the exhibition area is through a large freight lift in the central
zone. Supplies to the kitchen are also routed through the basement receiving space.

6.2.14 INTERIORS
i. The number of exhibition halls, at various levels, is connected by staircase blocks with
illuminated by skylights and other fully glazed passageways. But each exhibition hall
with its massive area of 500 sq. m. coupled with a height of 4.0m projects an
overwhelming effect on the young visitor.
ii. The use of minimum number of windows has given way to large display areas on the
walls. This effect of a large volume is brought down by hanging colourful banners from
the ceiling, though at some places it has been controlled and regulated by stepping the
roof slabs.
iii. The split-levels used to maintain the natural topography of the site has helped in
achieving an effect of spatial organisation and physical as well as visual division of large
spaces.
iv. The colour schemes of the exhibition hall interiors consists of bright primary colours
used particularly to attract children and initiate them to the use of exhibits. The colour of
the ceiling is darkened so that no attention is drawn towards it.

6.2.15 SERVICES
a. One of the most outstanding features of the Nehru Science Centre is the efficiency with
which their services have been carried out.
b. The toilet block is placed on the rear side in such a way that all the pipes are concealed
within the shaft.
c. The water tank has been suitably hidden between the tops of the ventilation shafts.
d. The restrictions on the number of windows in the exhibition halls has affected cross-
ventilation. Thus forced ventilation became necessary and it was preferred because the other
alternative of air-conditioning the building was very expensive.
e. The ventilation system is purely mechanical. The centrifugal fans blow the air in through the
vent shafts and the tube-axial fans provided at the exhaust.
f. Two blowers have been fitted at the terrace level. These blowers are actually backward
curved centrifugal fans with double width and double inlet. These blowers suck the
surrounding air through the R.C.C. louvers and force it down the galvanised iron duct in to
the ventilation shafts.
g. The shaft is a hollow tube measuring 2.3mX2.15m. The forced air is thrown in to each
display area through an inlet at the roof level. The polluted air is thrown out from the

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 exhibition areas through an outlet at the floor level by means of tube axial fans mounted on
top of each shaft.

The ventilation system has the following disadvantages –

i. The amount of air changes facilitated by the system does not achieve comfort levels.
ii. When forced air reaches the louver level the force exerted by the blowers on the air is
considerably reduced. Thus one does not feel the fast air movement, which is necessary
in a humid place like Bombay.
iii. The air inlets and outlets are placed just ten feet away from each other.
iv. Loud noise and vibrations are caused by the blowers inspite of the use of glass fibre
lining on the ducts.

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6.2.16 AREA STATEMENT

SPACES AREA
Administrative block Entrance hall 30
General staff 110
Meeting room 25
Technical officer 12
Director's office 35
Administrative office 30
Toilets 20
Store 20
Temporary workshop Fabrication room 240
Assembly hall 270
Cabins (4 nos.) 40 each
Residential accomodation Staff (6 nos.) 50 each
Visitors (10 nos.) 12.5 each
Ladies' dormitory 70
Gents' dormitory 100
Security booth (3 nos.) 10 each
Snack counter (35 people) 100
Visitors' toilets 150
Science museum Entrance podium 40
Entrance lobby 350
Ticket booth 15
Science hall Science for children 500
Evolution 500

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 Vintage car 500
Display halls Light and Sight 300
Sound and Hearing 500
Hall of Industries 500
Raman's achievements 300
Our Heritage I and II 300
Hall of Activities I 300
(Discovery)
Hall of Activities II (Nature) 300
Auditorium Entrance hall 125
Sitting for 250 300
Projection room 12
Stage and store 65

Library 270
Conference room 30
Cafeteria 150
Kitchenette and pantry 50

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