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3 Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Proportions
“Drug hailed for treating heart attacks” (SGVT 32001). In a study of 12,562 patients in 28 countries,
half of the subjects were randomly assigned to a new drug called Plavix and the other half were given
the standard treatment for patients who suffered a minor heart attack. 9.3% of those receiving Plavix
had further complications compared to 11.5% of those receiving the standard treatment. Use a 95%
confidence interval to estimate the true reduction in the proportion of patients with further
complications. Does your interval give evidence that Plavix is effective?
1. We are trying to estimate the true difference in the proportions of patients with complications when
using Plavix and when using the standard treatment ( ps - p p ). Our best guess is ps - p p = __________,
but we are probably incorrect because of randomization variability. So, we will calculate a 95% z
interval for ps - p p .
2. Conditions:
a. Random assignment of treatments?
b. The sample sizes are large?
c. The samples are less than 10% of the populations?
p s ( 1 - ps ) p p ( 1 - p p )
3. Confidence Interval for p s - p p = ( ps - p p ) �( z critical value ) +
ns np
4.
Introducing the TI83 Test Menu. Go to STAT: TEST and. . .
Tests and Intervals for m and m d
Hypothesis Test: 2: TTest ( s unknown)
Confidence Interval: 8: TInterval ( s unknown)
Hypothesis Test: 1: ZTest ( s known)
Confidence Interval: 7: ZInterval ( s known)
Use these for tests and intervals for a single mean (chapters 910) or matched pairs (chapter 11). For
both tests and intervals, the calculator will ask for either the raw data (in a list) or the summary stats
Tests and Intervals for m1 - m2
Hypothesis Test: 4: 2SampTTest ( s unknown)
Confidence Interval: 0: 2SampTInt ( s unknown)
Hypothesis Test: 3: 2SampZTest ( s known)
Confidence Interval: 9: 2SampZInt ( s known)
The TI83 will use the more exact df formula (not minimum sample size – 1), so the results by hand
and with the calculator may be slightly different.
The TI83 will ask you if you want to do a pooled test. In a pooled ttest, we assume that the
population standard deviations are equal and pool (combine) the data from both samples to estimate
the true standard deviation. In reality, the standard deviations are rarely the same. And, even if they
are, the power of the test is only slightly higher if we pool. So, for our purposes, we never pool to
estimate the standard deviation of a difference of means.
Tests and Intervals for p
Hypothesis Test: 5: 1PropZTest
Confidence Interval: A: 1PropZInt
For both tests and intervals, the calculator will ask you for the hypothesized value, p0 , the number
of successes, x (must be an integer), and the sample size, n. You do not enter the proportions.
Our book uses different notation than the TI83 and most other books:
Ours TI83
Population proportion π p
Sample proportion p p̂ (phat)
Tests and Intervals for p1 - p2
Hypothesis Test: 6: 2PropZTest
Confidence Interval: B: 2PropZInt
What will be required on tests for the calculation step of a HT?
Sketch of normal or t curve
test statistic
df, for any ttest
Pvalue
What will be required on the test for the calculation step of a CI?
Point estimate +/ margin of error. The margin of error is not a TI83 output though.
df, for any ttest
Confidence Interval
AP Question 2001 #5 (Pharmacies)
HW #87: 11.49, 11.70, 11.77, 11.90