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Create stack-up
Using interface Drawing geometry
Circuit Design Parameterized geometry
Building schematic
Analysis
Analysis circuit
Tuning Co-simulation
Optimization Use field solver simulation in
Statistical analysis circuit design
Layout basic
Tuning Field solver design
Building Hierarchy
Planar EM Antenna Design
LNA Design
Input/output Matching – Smith tool
Nonlinear analysis
RF 1 tone
DC analysis
RF 2 tones
modulation
Load-Pull analysis
Oscillator Analysis
Transient Analysis
Harmonic balance and Phase noise
Ansoft Designer Overview
Multi Window
Multi Window Desktop
Desktop
Design Capture
Design Capture
Layout
Layout
Multiple Simulation
Multiple Simulation Types
Types Analysis Types:
Analysis Types:
Circuit Simulation
Circuit Simulation Linear Network
Linear Network Analysis
Analysis
System Simulation
System Simulation Harmonic Balance
Balance
Harmonic
EM Simulation
Simulation
EM 3D EM
3D EM Analysis
Analysis
Co-Simulation
Co-Simulation Harmonic Balance
Harmonic Balance Oscillator
Oscillator
Design Automation
Design Automation
Modulation Envelope
Modulation Envelope
Synthesis
Synthesis
Transient
Transient
Convolution
Convolution
DC Analysis
DC Analysis
Stability
Stability
LoadPull
LoadPull
3D Layout Schematic
Viewer Editor
Property
Window
Project
Manager
The property
The property window
window is
is dockable,
dockable, or
or
can be
can be brought
brought up
up by
by double-
double-
clicking on
clicking on aa component
component
To wire
To wire aa component:
component:
1.
1. Move mouse
Move mouse toto hover
hover over
over aa node
node
2.
2. The cursor
The cursor changes
changes toto an
an “X”
“X”
3.
3. Click to
Click to make
make connection
connection
4.
4. Move cursor
Move cursor to
to another
another node
node (or
(or aa wire)
wire)
5.
5. When the
When the cursor
cursor is
is over
over another
another connection
connection point,
point,
itit will
will revert
revert back
back to
to an
an “X”
“X”
6. Click
6. Click to to make
make connection
connection
To Realign
To Realign the
the layout
layout choose
choose Edit->
Edit-> align
align MW
MW ports
ports
(Hotkey Ctrl-m).
(Hotkey Ctrl-m).
•• IfIf two
two or
or more
more components
components are are selected,
selected, only
only
those components
those components willwill be
be aligned
aligned
•• IfIf nothing
nothing is
is selected,
selected, the
the complete
complete layout
layout will
will be
be
realigned
realigned
The 3D
The 3D view
view can
can be
be zoomed,
zoomed, rotated,
rotated, and
and operated
operated on.
on.
•• Right
Right clicking
clicking brings
brings up
up the
the menu
menu choices.
choices.
•• There
There are
are also
also many
many hotkeys.
hotkeys.
The progress
The progress window
window is is also
also aa detachable
detachable
window. This
window. This window
window tells
tells you
you the
the status
status
of aa simulation.
of simulation. ItIt comes
comes upup automatically
automatically
when aa simulation
when simulation is is performed
performed
The Message
The Message window
window shows
shows error
error
and informational
and informational messages
messages
about various
about various processes
processes in
in
Designer.
Designer.
Simulation results
Simulation results can
can be
be plotted
plotted
in many
in many 2D
2D and
and 3D
3D many
many formats,
formats,
such as
such as tables,
tables, cartesian,
cartesian, polar,
polar,
smith, and
smith, and others.
others.
Menus change
Menus change dynamically
dynamically depending
depending onon which
which Design
Design
window is
window is highlighted
highlighted (Circuit,
(Circuit, Planar
Planar EM
EM or
or System)
System)
One
One to
to One
One Component
Component Correspondence
Correspondence
User
User can
can work
work directly
directly in
in Layout
Layout
Components
Components placed
placed in
in schematic
schematic automatically
automatically
appear
appear in
in Layout
Layout and
and vice-versa
vice-versa
Property
Property edits
edits in
in Layout
Layout are
are reflected
reflected in
in Schematic
Schematic
Common Desktop/GUI:
Common Desktop/GUI: Circuit,
Circuit, Planar
Planar EM,
EM, System
System all
all
work from
work from aa common
common GUI.
GUI.
Co-Simulation: Circuit/System/Planar
Co-Simulation: Circuit/System/Planar EM EM
Solver on
Solver on demand:
demand: EM EM Kernel
Kernel components
components
Common project,
Common project, component,
component, library
library management.
management.
Design Automation
Component Libraries
Components, Materials, Symbols
etc. are organized into libraries.
•• Right
Right -- Click
Click on
on project
projectfolder
folder
• Select Insert -> Circuit Design
• Select Insert -> Circuit Design
•• The“Choose
The “ChooseLayout
LayoutTechnology”
Technology”appears
appears
•• Select FR4 .060in
Select FR4 .060in
•• Click“Open”
Click “Open”
Notethat
Note thatififyou
youdon’t
don’twant
wantthe
theset
setofofdefinitions
definitionsthat
thatcome
come
withaatechnology
with technologyfile,
file,you
youcan
canchoose
choosethetheNone
Nonebutton.
button.
This is useful for basic concept designs without
This is useful for basic concept designs without any any
manufacturingor
manufacturing orsubstrate
substrateinformation.
information.
A Technology File initializes a design with a set of data to avoid
repeated entry of commonly used data.
This data can consist of layers and stackup information for layout,
configured libraries of components, and substrate definition(s) for
circuit analysis.
Users and foundries can customize Technology Files for their own
manufacturing process and simulation models.
A “technology” file contains stackup, substrate information and list of
libraries to load.
These information can be created, saved, copied and changed to
suit the user. Designer has many standard technology files to
choose from. They range from simple substrates such as single
layered alumina, to complex multi-layered stackups. The user can
also create their own simple or complex technology files and
stackups, or modify existing ones.
View Data Loaded by Technology file
•• Click on
Click on Components
Components Tab Tab in
in Project
Project Window
Window
•• Scroll to
Scroll to Vendor
Vendor Elements
Elements
•• Expand “Capacitors”
Expand “Capacitors” Folder
Folder
•• Expand “Philips”
Expand “Philips” Folder
Folder
•• Click “Philips_smc_0603”
Click “Philips_smc_0603” and and drag
drag toto schematic
schematic window
window
•• Hit the
Hit the “R”
“R” key
key to
to rotate
rotate Capacitor
Capacitor to to vertical
vertical Position
Position Shown
Shown
•• Click on
Click on Schematic
Schematic window
window to to place
place component
component
•• Move cursor
Move cursor toto another
another area
area click
click again
again
•• This
This places
places aa second
second capacitor
capacitor
Insert Remaining Components
(Vendor Library Inductor, Transmission Lines)
•• Click on
Click on Components
Components TabTab in
in Project
Project Window
Window
•• Scroll to
Scroll to Vendor
Vendor Elements
Elements
•• Expand “Inductors”
Expand “Inductors” Folder
Folder
•• Expand “Toko”
Expand “Toko” folder
folder
•• Click “Tokoll1608f”
Click “Tokoll1608f” and
and drag
drag to
to schematic
schematic window
window
•• Click on
Click on Schematic
Schematic window
window toto place
place component
component
•• Repeat to
Repeat to place
place MS
MS Transmission
Transmission Line,
Line, Physical
Physical Length
Length
•• Place aa total
Place totalof
of 22
•• 1 Vertical, 1 Horizontal
1 Vertical, 1 Horizontal
•• Located in
Located inCircuit
Circuit Elements
Elements >> Microstrip
Microstrip >> Transmission
Transmission Lines
Lines
•• Repeat
Repeat to
to place
place MS
MS TEE
TEE –– Ref
Ref Planes
Planes at
at edge
edge
•• Located
Located in
inCircuit
Circuit Elements
Elements >> Microstrip
Microstrip >> _General
_GeneralComponents
Components
Viewing Window
Copy, Paste & Move
•• Right-Click
Right-Click on
on schematic
schematic to
to view
view the
the zoom
zoom options
options
•• There
There are
aremenus
menus and
andquick
quick key
keyequivalents
equivalentsfor
for all
all
•• Right
Right click
click on
on aa component
component to
to see
see the
the component
component menu
menu choices
choices
•• Note
Note the
the menu
menu choices
choices for
for copy,
copy,paste,
paste,etc.
etc.
• Each has a quick-key equivalent next to itit
• Each has a quick-key equivalent next to
•• Click on
Click on aa component
component and
and drag
drag toto move
move itit
•• Create 66 more
Create more transmission
transmission lines
lines with
with cut
cut and
and paste
paste
•• Right
Right click
click or
or quick-key
quick-key
•• Create
Create another
another “tee”
“tee” with
with copy
copy and
and paste
paste
•• Right
Right click
click or
or quick-key
quick-key
•• Rotate
Rotate && move
move the
the transmission
transmission lines
lines to
to match
match schematic
schematic shown
shown
•• Right
Right click
click or
or quick-key
quick-key
Place two grounds by
clicking on the ground Icon
•• Place
Place cursor
cursor over
over aa component
component pin pin
•• Cursor
Cursor becomes
becomes an an “x”
“x” for
for the
the wiring
wiring tool
tool Connect components
Connect components
•• Click
Click on
on pin
pin as shown
as shown on
on next
next slide
slide
•• Move
Move cursor
cursor to
to pin
pin you
you want
want toto connect
connect
•• You
You will
will see
see aa “blue”
“blue” wire
wire
•• Click
Click on
on that
that pin
pin
•• Move
Move aa component
component so so that
that its
its pin
pin lies
lies directly
directly over
over another
another pin
pin
•• This
This also
also connects
connects thethe twotwo component
component pins pins
Place two ports by clicking
on the Port Icon
Double clicking on
the port brings up
the port dialog box
Ports also appear in project
tree. Double-click to open
properties box
•• At
At this
this point,
point, rename
renamethe the circuit
circuit and
and save
save the
the project
project
• Click right on circuit1
• Click right on circuit1
•• select
select rename
rename
•• enter
enter LPF
LPF andand hit
hit return
return
• Save the project
• Save the project
•• Right
Right click
click on
on project
project folder
folderand
and select
select save.
save.
• Enter LPFProject in field File
• Enter LPFProject in field File Name Name
•• click
click Save
Save
Double-Clicking on a component
outlines brings up the Properties
Dialog Box, which is just an
“expanded” version of the
dockable properties window
Double click
Double click on
on this
this inductor
inductor
to bring
to bring up
up this
this properties
properties
dialog box
dialog box
Defining Variables
Component Selection Methods
Click on the value field of the inductor.
The cursor will change to an insertion
cursor, allowing the user to type in a
new value. Type in 10nh
Linear Network
Linear Network Analysis
Analysis
HarmonicBalance
Harmonic Balance
Harmonic Balance
Harmonic Balance
Oscillator
Oscillator
ModulationEnvelope
Modulation Envelope
Transient Analysis
Transient Analysis
DCAnalysis
DC Analysis
DC NyquistAnalysis
DC Nyquist Analysis
The Add/Edit
The Add/Edit Sweep
Sweep
Load Pull
Load Pull Analysis
Analysis
dialog enables the
dialog enables the
Setup of
Setup of Single
Single
Values and
Values andmultiple
multiple
Sweep types.
Sweep types.
4
Click finish
Click finish 3
Select Linear
Select Linear Step
Step
Enter Start
Enter Start 0.1Ghz
0.1Ghz Stop
Stop 3Ghz
3Ghz Step
Step
0.05Ghz and click Add and
0.05Ghz and click Add and OK. OK.
Hit CTRL+S
Hit CTRL+S to
to save
save the
the project
project
Analysis setup
Analysis setup name
name NWA1
NWA1 isis added
added under
under the
the Analysis
Analysis Folder.
Folder.
Click right
Click right on
on NWA1
NWA1 icon
icon and
and select
select Analysis
Analysis NWA1.
NWA1.
The progress
The progress bar
bar shows
shows the
the status
status of
of the
the analysis
analysis
Simulation Successfully Completed
Once the
Once the simulation
simulation isisfinished
finished you
you can
can check
check in
in the
the Message
Message Window
Windowthat
that
the simulation
the simulation isis correctly
correctly completed.
completed.
Any problem
Any problem encountered
encountered duringduringsimulation
simulationwill
willbe
be related
related in
in this
this window.
window.
To initiate plotting results:
Right click on Results in the Project Manager Window
Then:
Select Create Report
Select Cvalue
Select Cvalueand and define
define aa linear
linearstep
step Click Add,
Click Add,Click
Click the
thearrow
arrowclose
close to
to
4
from 2pf
from 2pf to
to 12pf
12pf byby step
step of
of 2pf.
2pf. variable field, all the defined variable can 3
variable field, all the defined variable can
Click ok and finish.
Click ok and finish. be selected.
be selected.
Hit CTRL+S
Hit CTRL+S to
to save
save the
the project
project
Click right
Click righton
on Csweep
Csweepand and select
select Analysis
Analysis Csweep.
Csweep.
You can notice that if you click right on Analysis
You can notice that if you click right on Analysis and and
select Start
select StartAnalysis
Analysis you
you will
willrun
runsuccessively
successively NWA1
NWA1
and Csweep
and Csweepanalysis.
analysis.
Clicking on
Clicking onone
oneof
of the
thesweep
sweep variable
variable shows
showsthethe
Click right
Click righton
on Results
Results folder
folder select
select create
create report.
report. swept values, you can select all the value, one value
swept values, you can select all the value, one value
Click the
Click thearrow
arrow ofof field
fieldsolution
solution and
and select
select or several
severalvalue.
value.
or
Cvalsweep, hit
Cvalsweep, hit the
the sweep
sweep Tab.
Tab. Use the shift and CTRL
CTRL key
key to
to select
select multiple
multiplevalue.
value.
Use the shift and
Clicking on
Clicking onthe
the name
nameofof the
the variable
variable you
you can
can
change the
change thesweep
sweep order.
order.
Hit Tab Y and add S21
Hit Tab Y and add S21 in in DB,
DB, Click
Click Done
Done
Each curve
Each curvecorresponds
corresponds toto aa value
value of
of Cvalue.
Cvalue.
Each curve
Each curveisis indexed
indexedwith
with the
the value
value of
of the
the variable
variable
Click on the curve/Value to highlight the curve/value
Click on the curve/Value to highlight the curve/value
ItIt isis possible
possible to
to create
create3D
3Dplot
plot to
to simultaneously
simultaneously view
viewtwo
two
parameters
parameters sweep. sweep.
Click right
Click righton
on results,
results, select
select 3D
3D Rectangular
Rectangular plot,
plot, hit
hit Tab
Tab ZZ add
add
S21 in DB. Click
S21 in DB. Click done. done.
Tuning provides
Tuning providesan an interactive
interactive means
means
of changing
of changing aa design’s
design’s variables
variablesoror
component values and
component values and viewing the viewing the
results immediately.
results immediately.
Any variable
Any variable ororparameter
parameter can can be
be
swept.
swept.
In this
In this example,
example, we we will
willdefine
define
variable Cvalue and parameter LLof
variable Cvalue and parameter of
the inductor
the inductor to to be
be tunable.
tunable.
You can
You can select
select any
anyofof the
the variables
variables to
to
include in tuning. Select
include in tuning. Select the the
checkbox for
checkbox for Cvalue.
Cvalue.
The minimum
The minimum and and maximum
maximum values
values
areautomatically
are automatically set set to
to be
be½ ½ and
and11 ½½
times the
times the nominal
nominalvalue.
value. You
You can
can
change them, if desired.
change them, if desired.
Next select
Next select Circuit
Circuit >> Tune
Tune and andyou’ll
you’ll
see the tuning
see the tuning dialogdialog
or click
or click right
right on
on Optimetrics
Optimetrics and and select
select
tuning
tuning
Briefly, other
Briefly, other buttons
buttons include:
include:
Tune––perform
Tune perform an an analysis
analysis
Abort – stop the
Abort – stop the analysisanalysis
Save––remember
Save remember the the current
current state
state
(values) of
(values) of the
the tune
tune variables
variables andand
The main
The main part
part ofof the
thedialog
dialog consists
consists ofof the
the tune
tune name this state. Also, optionally
name this state. Also, optionally
variable sliders
variable sliders where
whereyou you cancan simply
simply move
movethe the slider
slider apply the
the values
values backbackto to the
the design.
design.
apply
to a new value and analysis is continually
to a new value and analysis is continually performed performed Revert – recall a saved state
Revert – recall a saved state
as you
as youmove
move it.
it. Delete
Deleteaa tune tune variable
variable from
from the
the dialog
dialog Reset––revert
revert toto the
theoriginal
originaltune
tune
Reset
by clicking
by clickingon on the
the XX for
for that
that variable.
variable. variable values
values
variable
The Real Time checkbox
The Real Time checkbox indicates that indicates that the
the program
program Close – closethethedialog.
dialog. You You will
willbe
be
Close – close
will do
will do an
an analysis
analysis and andupdate
update thethegraphs
graphseacheach time
timeaa asked ifif you
you want
want to to apply
apply the
the tuned
tuned
asked
slider is moved. Un-checking Real
slider is moved. Un-checking Real Time allows you Time allows you to
to values if you have not already done
values if you have not already done
position the
position theslider
slider without
without performing
performingan ananalysis
analysis until
until so.
so.
theTune
the Tunebutton
button isis clicked.
clicked.
If your design had
If your design had more thanmore than one
onesimulation
simulationsetup,
setup,aa
list would
list wouldbe be present
present and and youyou could
could select
select which
which
setups to include in the tuning
setups to include in the tuning analysis. analysis.
Move the
Move the sliders
sliders around
around and
and watch
watch the
thegraph
graphchange.
change.
You can
You can still
still edit
edit the
the design,
design, change
change the
the design
design
properties, or change the analysis setup
properties, or change the analysis setup while while the
the tune
tune
dialog isis active.
dialog active. So,So, for
for example,
example, you
you may
may want
want toto
reduce the number of analysis points in the
reduce the number of analysis points in the analysis analysis
setup for
setup for faster
faster updates.
updates.
You can
You can also
also setup
setup aasweep
sweep of
of aatune
tune variable
variable by
by
clicking on the Sweep checkbox.
clicking on the Sweep checkbox.
Delete Cvalue
Delete Cvaluetune
tune variable
variable from
fromthe
the dialog
dialogby
by clicking
clicking
on the X for that variable.
on the X for that variable.
Select NWA1
Select NWA1 andand Csweep
Csweepto to tune
tune multiple
multiplesweep.
sweep.
Move the sliders around and watch the graphs
Move the sliders around and watch the graphs change. change.
Close the
Close the Tune
Tune window.
window.
You can
You can either
either select
select aa
value from
value from the
the tune
tune or
or
none.
none.
For none
For none Click
Click Don’t
Don’t
Apply
Apply
Hit CTRL+S
Hit CTRL+S to
to save
save the
the project
project
Optimization: Define optimizable parameters
Select Random
Select Max. No of iterations 100
AnsoftDesigner
Designerlets
letsthe
theuser
user
Ansoft
createcustom
customexpressions
expressionsfor
for
create
plotting and optimizing.
plotting and optimizing.
Select =
Enter-3-3as
asthe
theGoal
Goaland
and10
10as
asthe
theweight
weight
Enter
Enteran
anadditional
additionalgoal
goalto
tobe
be
Enter
NWA1db(s11)
db(s11) FF(from
(from100MHz
100MHzto
to850MHz)
850MHz) <=
<= -15
-15 (1)
(1)
NWA1
InInthis
thiscase
casethe
thecontribution
contributionofofthe
thes21
s21goal
goalon
onthe
the
whole error is multiply by 10 due to weight setting.
whole error is multiply by 10 due to weight setting.
TheGoal
Goalcan
canbe
bedefined
definedas
as: :
The
Singlenumerical
numericalvalue,
value,
Single
Expression(equation,
(equation,sub-circuit
sub-circuitname
name, ,SSparameter
parameterfile),
file),
Expression
Variable Dependent (for parametric sweep)
Variable Dependent (for parametric sweep)
Weightallows
Weight allowsto
toincrease
increasethe
thecontribution
contributionof
ofaaspecific
specific
goalto
goal tothe
thewhole
wholeerror
errorfunction
functionwhen
whenmultiple
multiplegoals
goalsare
are
defined
defined
Optimization Setup:
Tab Variable and General
Hitthe
theVariable
Variabletab.
tab.
Hit
This allows to change theminimum
minimumandand
This allows to change the
maximumvalues
valuesororto
toexclude
excludeone
oneor
ormore
more
maximum
parameters from the optimization
parameters from the optimization
Hitthe
theGeneral
Generaltab
tab
Hit
This is used to define the
This is used to define the
strategyof
strategy ofupdating
updatingthe
the
design parameters during
design parameters during
andafter
and afteroptimization
optimization
Clickright
Click righton
onOptimetricsetup1
Optimetricsetup1and
andselect
select
Analysis.
Analysis.
Theprogress
The progresswindow
windowappears
appearsshowing
showingthe
the
optimizationprogress.
optimization progress.
AAwindow
windowisisdisplayed
displayedwith
withthe
the
valueofofthe
value thecost
costfunction
functionand
and
thecorresponding
the correspondingvalues
valuesofof
optimizableparameters
optimizable parameters
Clickright
Click righton
on
optimizationand
optimization andselect
select
ViewAnalysis
View AnalysisResult
Result
View Optimization Result on Graph
Youcan
You cansee
seeonongraph
graphthe
theresult
resultofof
optimization.
optimization.
Aswe
As weselected
selectedthe
theoption,
option,the
thevalue
value
ofofoptimizable
optimizableparameters
parameterswere
were
automaticallyupdated.
automatically updated.
Set the parameters for Inductor
Theresults
resultsofofoptimization
optimizationset
setLLvalue
valueofofinductor
inductortoto8.72nh.
8.72nh.
The
ClickononChoose
Choosemodel
modeland
andselect
selectthe
thenormalized
normalizedvaluevalueclosest
closest
Click
To this value. Select 8.2nh 10% and click
To this value. Select 8.2nh 10% and click ok. ok.
Selecttolerance
Select tolerancetoto10%
10%automatically
automaticallydefines
definestolerance
tolerancefor
forstatistical
statistical
analysis to 10%.
analysis to 10%.
Allvendor
vendorlibrary
librarycomponents
componentsusing
usingtolerance
toleranceinintheir
theirdefinition
definitionare
are
All
automaticallyincluded
automatically includedininthe
thestatistics.
statistics.
You can verify it checking statistic window.
You can verify it checking statistic window.
Set the parameters for Capacitor
OnceCCparameter
parameterisisset
setyou
youcan
candouble
doubleclick
clickon
onone
oneofofthe
the
Once
Select3.9pf
3.9pftolerance
tolerance0.25pf
0.25pf capacitor and check the statistic window.
Select capacitor and check the statistic window.
IfIfneeded
neededyou
youcan
canchoice
choicebetween
betweenUniform
Uniformand
andGaussian
Gaussian
distribution. Click on tolerance button to change the tolerance
distribution. Click on tolerance button to change the tolerance
HitEdit
EditCalc.
Calc.Range
Rangeand
and 3
Hit
select 1GHz
select 1GHz
1
Enteriteration
Enter iterationnumber
number50.
50.
Click Add and select NWA1
Click Add and select NWA1
forSolution
Solution
for
Enterstatistical
Enter statisticalgoals
goalsas
asshown
shownabove
above
Right-click on Statisticalsetup1 icon
and choose analyze to run analysis
TheStatistical
The StatisticalAnalysis
Analysisisisrunning
runningandandthe
theplot
plot
automaticallyupdated.
automatically updated.
WhenStatistical
When StatisticalAnalysis
Analysisisisfinished
finishedyou
youcan
canlook
lookatat
thedistribution
the distributionofofthe
theresults.
results.
Right-click on Statisticalsetup1 icon
and choose View Results to see a data
table or histogram plot
Select Plot to see histogram
Select the
number of
bins
Select which
result to view
Click on the layout Icon
to see the layout view
Replace ground
elements by MS Via Pad
If you don’t get the layout aligned,
hit Ctrl-M
Or click on Align MW Ports icon
Or Select Menu Draw and click on
Align MW Ports
When none element is selected
the whole layout is align.
When you select a footprint
and move it, if this footprint is
connecting the connection is
drawn as a wire on layer rats.
Using Ctrl + Left Mouse button Click on the Align Microwave Port
Using Ctrl + Left Mouse button
Select the second element to to icon to align the Footprint
Select the second element to
aligned.This
Thissecond
secondelement
element (Hotkey Ctl-m)
aligned.
appears in low red.
appears in low red.
You can apply any positioning modification to
You can apply any positioning modification to
footprint move, rotate, mirror and then use the
footprint move, rotate, mirror and then use the
AlignMicrowave
Align MicrowavePort
Portfunction
functiontotoalign
align them.
them.Any
Any
positioningmodification
modificationare
aresave
saveininthe
thefootprint
footprint
positioning
properties.
properties.
Click on Current Footprint value to
Click on Current Footprint value to
openthe
thefootprint
footprintlibrary
librarywindow.
window.
open
Then select the new footprint you
Then select the new footprint you
wanttotouse.
want use.
Location==x,y
Location x,ycoordinate
coordinateofofthe
thefootprint
footprinton
onlayout.
layout.
Youcan
You canuseuseitittotomove
movethethefootprint
footprintfrom
fromaaspecific
specific
value. It is allowed to use +/-. Editlayer
layermapping
mappingallows
allowstoto
value. It is allowed to use +/-. Edit
Example: -7.6mm+1mm,13.8 will move the footprint changethe thedefault
defaultmapping
mapping
Example: -7.6mm+1mm,13.8 will move the footprint change
between Footprint layers and
ofof1mm
1mmon onthe
thexxaxisaxis between Footprint layers and
Anglechanging
changingthis thisvalue
valuewill
willrotate
rotatethe
thefootprint
footprint circuitlayers
layers
Angle circuit
Flippedwhen
whenchecked
checkedindicates
indicatesthat
thatthe
thefotprint
fotprint
Flipped
was flipped.
was flipped.
Scalingmultiply
multiplyallalldimension
dimensionby byscaling
scalingvalue
value
Scaling
In Edit Layers Definition window you can change layers
attributes: Visibility, Selectability, Color, Pattern
Double click on the color to open color selection window
Double click on the pattern to open pattern selection window
Todraw
drawshape
shapeseveral
severaldrawing
drawingprimitives
primitivesare
areavailable
available: :
To
Eachobject
objectcreated
createdusing
usingthe
the Drawcircle,
circle,Draw
DrawRectangle,
Rectangle,Draw
DrawLine,
Line,Draw
DrawPolygon
Polygon
Each Draw
drawingprimitives
primitivesget
getsome
some
drawing
drawing properties like height,
drawing properties like height,
width,coordinates.
coordinates.These
These
width,
properties can be set by
properties can be set by
numericvalue
valueasaswell
wellas
as
numeric
variables, equations or
variables, equations or
parameters.
parameters.
ItItisispossible
possibletotodraw
drawshape
shapeininthe
thelayout
layoutthese
theseshape
shapedon’t
don’thave
havesimulation
simulationproperties.
properties.
Herewe
Here wedrawn
drawnaapathpatharound
aroundthe
thelayout
layoutdesign.
design.
DrawRectangle
Draw Rectangle
Theproperties
propertiesofofthe
therectangle
rectangleare
are DrawLine
Line
The Draw
layer, Center, Width, Height, Angle
layer, Center, Width, Height, Angle The properties ofofthe
The properties theLine
Lineare
are
layer,LineWidth,
layer, LineWidth,(x,y)
(x,y)coordinate
coordinateofofvertex,
vertex,Angle,
Angle,
Bend Type, Cap Type
Bend Type, Cap Type
DrawCircle
Draw Circle
DrawPolygon
Polygon
The properties ofofthe
The properties theCircle
Circleare
are Draw
layer,Center,
Center,Radius
Radius Theproperties
propertiesofofthe
thePolygon
Polygonare
are
layer, The
layer,(x,y)
(x,y)coordinate
coordinateofofvertex,
vertex,Angle
Angle
layer,
hitthe
thevertex
vertexselection
selectionicon
icon
hit
PressAlt
Altand
andclick
clickwhere
where
Press NewVertex
Vertex
Selectthe
theLine
Line you want to add vertex New
Select you want to add vertex
Movethe
thecursor
cursortotoaavertex
vertex
Move
Press Ctrl key, click left mousebutton
button
Press Ctrl key, click left mouse
anddrag
and dragtotoconvert
convertline
lineininarc.
arc.
Selectthe
Select theLine
Line
Dragand
andmove
moveEdge
Edgetotostretch
stretchgeometry
geometry
Drag
Snapto
togrid:
grid:snap
snapthe
theshape
shapeon
onthe
thegrid
grid
Snap
Graphicalsnap:
snap:
Graphical
snap vertex to vertex, vertex to center
snap vertex to vertex, vertex to center
when you move or draw shape
when you move or draw shape
Snap
Snap
Snap
Snap
union
union
Subtract
Subtract
Substractisisorder
Substract order
selecteddependant
selected dependant
Booleanoperation
Boolean operationallows
allowsunion,
union,
intersectionand
intersection andsubtract.
subtract.
You can also import existing GDSII or DXF file.
You can also import existing GDSII or DXF file.
Usingmap
mapfile
fileallow
allowyou
youto
tomap
mapthe
thelayer
layernames
namesininAnsoft
AnsoftDesigner
Designerwith
withthe
theGDSII
GDSIIlayer
layernumber
number
Using
Select the Technology
File (use existing stackup)
Click properties 1
Click Cancel to
The Edit Component window allows avoid modification
to select Symbol and Footprint to
associte to the component
Each time a Planar EM, Circuit or System Design is created, a symbol, with the
same name as the design, is created. To edit this symbol expand the Definitions
folders, then the Symbol Folder and double click on the symbol, here HPF.
Copy and Paste the Circuit Design
The Circles area lets you draw Gain, Noise, and Stability circles.
The Mapping area lets you transform the responses from the source plane
to the load plane and vice-versa.
At the top of the dialog, there are tabs to switch between this Display
portion of the dialog and the Matching portion. We will exercise both
areas as this example proceeds.
At the bottom of the dialog is information that is calculated from the device
S Parameters, like Maximum Stable Gain, minimum NF, and stability
factor, K.
SmithTool - Maximizing Performance
Point P
In the Circles area, select Avail. Gain Ga (S-Plane). Enter 14 in the Start box and click
on Apply. An 14dB gain circle appears.
Now, select Noise and enter 1.5dB. Click Apply and a 1.5dB noise circle appears.
In the Start box of section Grids enter 2 and click on VSWR.
Stability Circle K=1 Stability Circle K=1
(Source Plane) Load Plane)
In the Circles area, select Stability K (S Plane) in the drop down list and click Apply.
The source plane circle for K=1 appears, with small lines, or spokes, indicating which
side of the circle is stable.
In the Circles area, select Stability K (L Plane) in the drop down list and click Apply.
The load plane circle for K=1 appears, with small lines, or spokes, indicating which
side of the circle is stable.
In the Grids area, click on G. The cursor jumps to the plot. Click on point P to draw a constant G
circle through it. This circle should be approximately G = 1.60.
In the Grids area, click on R. The cursor jumps to the plot. Click on point P to draw a constant R
circle through it. This circle should be approximately G = 0.52.
Click on the Matching tab on the SmithTool dialog. The dialog changes as shown above.
For the input matching circuit, we will move on the Smith chart from 50 Ohms at the center of the chart
to our point P.
Click on the New Match button.
When you do this, the cursor will immediately jump to the center of the Smith chart. Without moving
the mouse, click again to place the “crosshair” at 50 Ohms.
After you do this, the ten element buttons in the dialog (shown above in gray) will activate. These are
the available elements for use in the matching circuit, representing both lumped and distributed
components.
SmithTool - Input Matching Circuit
Point Q
Our next task is to take the point used for our input match and
transform it into the load plane. SmithTool provides the
capability to do this effortlessly.
Point Q*
In order to complete the output match, we must take point Q in
the load plane and conjugate it. We will use the conjugated
point, Q*, to begin our output match.
Click Conjugate and click point Q.
This will create a point Q* with the same real part and opposite
imaginary part.
SmithTool - Output Matching Circuit
Click on the New Match button. The cursor will jump to the
Smith chart. Click on the point Q* to start the match.
Click on the shunt L button. Drag its tail up to the R = 1 circle.
Click on the series C button. Drag its tail down to the center of
the chart.
The approximate values are: L = 10.7nH, C = 2.01pF
Click on the Export button to write the subcircuit for the output
match
Click OK
Hit Display Tab, Click Clear and OK
Rename Sub-Circuit Circuit1
to InputMatch .
Rename Sub-Circuit2 Circuit
to OutputMatch
Run the analysis. When it completes,
produce a rectangular graph with the
following traces:
dB(S11), dB(S22), dB(S21), dB(NF)
Right click on the graph and select Data Marker. Add a marker on each trace at 0.9GHz.
As you can see, our design goals of 14dB gain and 1.5dB NF have been met.
Note that the input is -6DB. Also, note that the output is resonated, providing an excellent match at
the output. Save the current project.
Exercise:
LNA Design
Non-Linear Analysis
Resistor were added for bias
You can either load the circuit or created from the previous project.
If you want to create the circuit: Open the project LNAMatch and save it as LnaNLRF1TONE
To use the existing circuit click File Open and select LnaNLStart.
This circuit use a non linear model for the transistor (Vendor lib/nonlinear/npn/nec/ne68133)
instead of the S parameters data file.
Values of Capacitors and Inductors were replace by normalized values, resistors are added for bias.
Insert Voltage Source
Even if we use a non linear model it is possible to run linear analysis, non linear model is linearised at the
bias condition and the simulation will use the corresponding S parameters. This allow to check that the
results with the non linear model are close to the one get with S parameter data file.
Click Add in the Sources
section Define Pin as local
2 variable with value
of -10dbm
4
1 Select Power.
Double click on the input port Enter Pin for
value of P 3
Double click on the input port symbol to open the Port Definition window.
In the source section click Add to open the Source Selection window.
Select power and enter Pin as the value of parameter P.
Click ok in the Source Selection window
Click ok the Port Definition window.
In the Project Manager window expand the Excitations folder to check
that source named Sinussoidal1 is added.
Highlight F1 and click Edit,
add single value of 0.9GHz,
Click OK.
2
Select HB1Tone1
Check DCIV Curves
Check AC Load Line Uncheck All Values
2 Using CTRL key select
-40, -30, -20, -10dBM
Click Add Trace 3
Select Power. 3
Set Fnum to f2 and Enter
Pin for value of P
Click OK
2 3
Highlight F2, Uncheck Offset option and click Edit, Add a Linear step from -40dBm to 0dBm by step of
add single value of 0.901GHz, Click OK. 2dBm for variable Pin
Click Add Click ok
Click right on Results and create report
Rectangular Plot.
1MHz
zoom
Filter Tab
select the filter Butterworth, Gaussian,
Root-Raised, Cosine, Raised
Cosine
Parameters Tab
Bit Rate, Delay, I/Q Imbalance
You can select Modulation Envelope from the Analysis Type field.
Category allows you to select
1-Tone,
2-Tone/3-Tone, Intermododulation Spectrum
2-Tone/3-Tone, Mixer Intermododulation Spectrum
3
Set Length of Analysis to 104.2us
(=1/(br*8)*1024, with 1024=nb of sample)
Set Time step to 0.1us (= 1/(br*8)
this means we oversample the bit rate by 8)
2
Set F1 to 2GHz Click Finish 4
define a power sweep on Pavs from 0dbm to 23dbm by step of 1db
Set the number of Harmonic to 8,
Digital Modulation: Eye Diagram
1 Click right on Results and select Create
Select Report Type=Eye Diagram, Available plot for Modulation Envelope are:
Display Type=Rectangular Plot, Eye Diagram, Constellation, IQ Spectrum, ACPR
Click OK.
Create an other plot with same
Tab Sweeps uncheck All setting execpt Pavs=23dBm.
for Pavs and select 0dBm. 4
2
3
There are 7 essential Steps to perform load-pull
analysis and review response
2
1
2. Add source
1. Edit port to be
driven by RF source by
Double clicking on
symbol in schematic or
icon in project tree
1
project tree
Loadpull tuner definition specifies tuner type (ideal, double stub) and
default complex impedance at all specified harmonic frequencies
(50ohm default). To modify edit from port dialog or double click on
tuner icon in project tree.
movie
Note: multiple tuners may be defined
2. Select nonlinear analysis
such as Harmonic Balance
or HB Oscillation
3. Specify Harmonic
frequency index,
For example 1=fundamental
2=second harmonic (2*f)
movie
Set tuner range
a. ZRho controls the
magnitude of the reflection
coefficient
b. ZAng controls the angle
of the reflection coefficient
ZAng
Hint: low impedance
matching networks that
are common to high power
amplifiers are simulated ZRho
more quickly by using a
directed loadpull sweep of
low impedances
1. Right mouse click on the
defined loadpull analysis
setup in the Analysis folder
of the project tree
2
1
Oscillation
frequency
Harmonic Balance Oscillator analysis
provides nonlinear circuit performance
Search range and harmonics
Output power
(shown for f1 and f2),
Additional sweeps Output frequency (f1)
Spectral plots
Steady state
output voltage
Noise Spectrum analysis
provides nonlinear circuit
noise spectrum data such as
phase noise and amplitude
noise
The inserted
Port are added to
Excitations folder
Click on Select Edge icon and select the left edge of Click on Select Edge icon and select the right edge of
the horizontal line, then click on draw Port icon. the horizontal line, then click on draw Port icon.
Add setup
Click right on
LPF and select 2
Symbol of the pasted sub-circuit
Paste
appears in the schematic 5
Click right on
OpenStub and Incorporate selected the Merge
1
select Copy layers window allows to merge
sub-circuit and parent circuit
layers 4
You can choice to use
3
the same stackup as
Parent circuit or to insert
The sub-circuit as black
box
Sub-circuit folder appears
in the circuit Design tree
Use the TAB key to move between entries and press ENTER when finished.
Verify the following properties
Select the line and Copy it (CTRL+C command)
In the layer, choose Top
Paste the line (CTRL-V)
Select the 2 lines by maintaining the CTRL button when you select them.
In the menu on the left, click on Cross-Layer and Add Cross-Layer Plate
Change the active layer to “Top”
Select the layer pull-down menu and highlight “Top”
Double Click on the line and adjust the properties
Begin drawing a rectangle object in one of two ways:
Draw -> Primitive -> Rectangle
Select the icon.
Use a fixed mesh frequency of 2GHz. You can also change the
mesh display color.
Modify Mesh refinement
Click on 3D Editor.
By Right Clicking on the progress bar during
simulation, the process can be aborted, paused, or
have the priority level changed.