Infinitives are verbals which means they are verbs that act as other parts of speech.
Remember the other verbals?
– Participles act as ADJECTIVES. – Gerunds act as NOUNS, which in turn act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, objects of prepositions, and appositives. Infinitives act as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs An infinitive is the TO form of a verb
The infinitive of run… is TO
RUN The infinitive of scream… is TO SCREAM The infinitive of eat… is TO EAT WARNING Please note the difference between the following!
To THE MALL And To swiM
One is an infinitive, and the other is a prepositional
phrase. Do NOT get these confused.
If “to” is followed by a noun or pronoun, then it is a
prepositional phrase. VERBALS ARE ABOUT VERBS! Infinitives as Nouns Just like gerunds, they act as subjects, direct objects, and predicate nominatives. NOTE: They do not act as objects of the preposition or indirect objects…. This IS different! Look at the following! First, find the infinitive that is being used as a noun, and then determine which role it is playing! To err is human. To err is human. Subject
Riff always wanted to act.
Riff always wanted to act. Direct object
Maria’s dream is to marry Tony.
Infinitives as Adjectives Like all adjectives, infinitives acting as adjectives modify NOUNS or PRONOUNS!
The candidate to trust is Tony.
Note that the infinitive is to trust and
that it is modifying or describing candidate. More adjective examples…. Those are the easiest dogs to train. Those are the easiest dogs to train. (note that to train modifies DOGS.
He has a great ability to paint.
He has a great ability to paint. (To paint modifies ability, which is a noun.) Infinitives as Adverbs Infinitives also act as adverbs; they must modify VERBS, ADJECTIVES, or other ADVERBS.
They act like adverb prepositional phrases.
Infinitives as Adverbs Consider these examples….
The team was slow to score.
To score modifies the word “slow.” Slow is an adjective.
My grandmother has come to stay.
To stay modifies the verb, come. Now…. YOU TRY!!! First, find the infinitive and then determine how it is functioning in the sentence! Our assignment was to read that book. Our assignment was to read that book. PN
We were asked to memorize this poem.
We were asked to memorize this poem. DO He was eager to experience college. He was eager to experience college. Adv.
The person to help you is Doc!
The person to help you is Doc! Adj.
To leave town is relaxing!
To leave town is relaxing! Subj. A final point…. Sometimes, an infinitive has an elliptical “to.” Elliptical means silent or understood. This word is used throughout English grammar! The “to” may be left out completely.
He will help us paddle to shore.
He will help us TO paddle to shore. Watch out for these!