Unit 4 – Solutions

Time Frame 5 weeks

Competencies
C1. Gain understanding of solutions and the dissolving process.
C2. Appreciate solutions at work in the natural environment.
C3. Understand the concepts of mole, solution, solvent, solute, solubility, and
concentration.

WATER POLLUTION

Time Frame 3 sessions

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the students must be able to appreciate our role in role in
alleviating water pollution. They must be able:
1. Identify pollutants that can affect living things in an aquarium;
2. Define the term water pollution operationally;
3. Trace the sources of pollutants in water;
4. Find out the effects of these pollutants on man and plants; and
5. Suggest ways on how to prevent water pollution.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Water Pollution

B. References

C. Materials
4 big jars small fish/guppies sewage
White sand water garbage
Hydrilla plants chemicals

III. Learning Tasks

A. Recall and Motivation
1. What are the properties of water that make it uniquely suited to support
life?
2. Show pictures of polluted water resources- Pasig River, Laguna de Bai

B. Lesson Proper
1. Activity: “Ecosystems” (SAS- 4-11)
a. Prepare 4 jars representing a balanced aquarium. Put ten small ten
fishes into each jar.

b. Label the jar A, B, C, D.

c. Add a drop of chemical in jar A, some amount of sewage in jar B,

and a little amount of garbage in jar C. do not put any pollutants in
jar D.
 d. Observe and record data in table 1. Repeat step 3 and 4 consecutive
days. Record observations in the table each day you add chemical,
sewage, and garbage. Compare your observation n in the four
different jars.

Jar A Jar B Jar C Jar D

(chemical) (sewage) (Garbage) (Absence of
Pollutant,
Control)
Characteristics being Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
compared
1. Number of living
water fishes
2. Color of the leaves
3. Odor of the water
4. Color of the water

YOU MAY END SESSION 1 AT THIS POINT. You may wish to go first to acids and bases
and return to water pollution after 3 days.

2. Discussion/ Concept Formation

a. What can you infer fom the data which you have gathered?

b. In which jar/s was/were the water considered polluted?

c. What is water pollution?

d. What are the sources of pollutants in water?

e. What are the effects of these pollutants on man and plants?

f. Suggest several ways of preventing water pollution.

C. Application/ Valuing

1. Water is said to be polluted when it has become unfit for its intended
purpose.

2. Water pollution is a condition whereby any substance prevents the use

of water for some specific purpose.
 3. The major sources of water pollution can be classified as follows:
a. Domestic- consists of wastewater from homes and commercial
establishments.
b. Industrial- consists of wastewater from various industrial
establishments.
c. Agricultural- includes sediments, fertilizers, and farm animal
wastes which can all enter waterways as runoff from agricultural
lands.
d. Shipping water pollution includes both human sewage and other
wastes; the most important of which is fo oil leaksgenerated by the
shipping industry.

4. Examples of water pollutants

a. Sewage and other oxygen-demanding wastes
b. Oil spill
c. Thermal pollution
d. Organic compounds like pesticides
e. Inorganic minerals & chemical compounds
f. Sediments and suspended solids
g. Radioactive substance

5. Effects of the Water Pollutants

a. Produce annoying odors and unpleasant sight.
b. Can cause diseases such as dysentery, cholera amoebas, and
typhoid fever.
c. Fish and other aquatic life, contaminated by toxic chemicals and
heavy metals, when eaten by man can cause instant death, sickness
or gradual deterioration of health.
d. May lead to the destruction of recreational resources, loss of
commercial fisheries, restricted expansion of industries, lower
property value, and poor quality of drinking water.
e. May aslo adversely affect the country’s food supply. Extensive
studies show that pollutants settle on the leaves of plants and
destroy them.

6. Ways on preventing Water Pollution

a. Educate people on the effects of water pollution
b. Treatment of wastewater before discharging into the sea
c. Heavy find on factories that dump poisonous waste into the sea
d. Regulations to ensure that factories pre-treat their liquid waste
before discharging it into pubic sewers.
e. Heavy fines and penalties on ships that discharge oil into the sea.

YOU MAY END SESSION 2 AT THIS POINT.

D. Evaluation
 Describe the present condition of the Pasig River. Can it support aquatic
life? Why? Try to compare the Pasig River with rivers in rural areas
located far from big cities. Identify the cause for te differences.
Write a poem about water pollution. You could imagine yourself as a river
that is polluted, a fish living in a

E. Evaluation
1. Polluted river or a bird caught living in an oil spill.

2. Design a poster or write a slogan to show either the need to keep our
water clean or the consequence of dirty water.

F. Agreement:
Bring materials for the next class.