Hydraulic jump 

is the jump or standing wave formed when the depth of flow of water changes from
supercritical to subcritical state. When the slope of open channel decreases from steep
to mild, the depth of flow of water increases toward the critical depth and a flow
instability occurs at some point.
A hydraulic jump is a phenomenon in the science of hydraulics which is frequently
observed in open channel flow such as rivers and spillways. ... As the initial flow speed
increases further, the transition becomes more abrupt, until at high enough speeds, the
transition front will break and curl back upon itself.
APPLICATIONS  Usually hydraulic jump reverses the flow of water. This
phenomenon can be used to mix chemicals for water purification.  Hydraulic
jump usually maintains the high water level on the down stream side. The water level
can be used for irrigation purposes.
Types of Hydraulic Jumps – Based on Froude's Number:
 Undular Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (1 to 3): ...
 Weak Jump – Froude Number (3 to 6) ...
 Oscillating Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (6-20) ...
 Steady Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (20 to 80) ...
 Strong Hydraulic Jump – Froude Number (greater than 80)

element of hydraulic jump in rectangular channels

Hydraulic jumps in rectangular channels. ... In other words, a hydraulic
jump happens when a higher velocity, v1, supercritical flow upstream is met by a
subcritical downstream flow with a decreased velocity, v2, and sufficient depth.