Basic Applications of Threads

How are threads used?

1.Hold parts together
2.Adjust parts
3.Transmit power
 All screw threads wind around a
shaft in a curve called a HELIX

•the string
represents the
general form of a
HELIX .
•Another example
of a HELIX curve is
a coiled spring
 Tapping A Small Hole

Tap Tool - is a small

fluted cutting tool with
cutting teeth shaped to
form small internal
threads.
 External threads are formed
by cutting helical grooves
around the shaft on a lathe.

The Lathe can

produce large
internal threads by
using a boring tool

Cutting Large Threads

Thread Terminology
 Thread Forms

• Sharp V or Sellers
Thread
• First U.S. Standard
Thread
• Now used on brass
pipe work
 Thread Form
Unified Thread
• Adopted by the U.S.,
British, and Canada
after World War II as
an ANSI standard.
• Mainly used for
fastening and
adjusting
Thread Form

• Metric Thread
• Adopted in 1946 by
the International
Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
Thread Form
Square Thread
• Theoretically the ideal
thread for power
transmission
• Tough to cut the
threads because of
the 90° angles
 Thread Forms
ACME Thread
• Modification of the
square thread
• Stronger and
easier to cut than
the square thread
• Also used to
transmit power.
• Better know as a
worm thread.
 Thread Forms

• Whitworth Thread
• First standard in
England
• Has been replaced by
the Unified thread
 Thread Forms
• Knuckle Thread
• Typically rolled from
sheet metal
• Sometimes is formed
by casting
• Used in light bulbs,
sockets, and jar &
bottle tops
 Thread Forms

• Buttress Thread
• Designed to transmit
power in one direction
• Used on large guns,
screw jacks, and
Bumper Jacks.
 Thread Representation
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
THREADS
THREADS

Detailed Method
Primarily used for threads 1” and larger.
 Conventional Practices

SIMPLIFIED TECHNIQUES FOR A THROUGH HOLE

 Conventional Practices
SIMPLIFIED SYMBOL

Blind
Hole

The tapped hole as it would appear on a drawing

 Conventional Practices
SIMPLIFIED SYMBOL

Blind
Hole

A BLIND TAPPED HOLE AS IT WOULD APPEAR ON A

DRAWING IF TAPPED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLE
 Can You Identify The Following
Conventions Within The Sectional View?

A. Major diameter
B. Thread Axis
C. Minor diameter
D. Thread depth
Can You Identify The Following
Conventions Within The Elevation View?

A. Tapped hole
B. Major diameter
C. Thread depth
D. 30 degrees
Annotations For Unified Thread
Major diameter of threads

Number of threads per inch

Unified National

Coarse

Class of Fit

Internal thread
Example Of A Screw Thread Table
Annotation For Metric Threads
Metric thread

Major diameter

Separation

Thread pitch

M10 X 1.25
Example Of A Metric Screw Thread Table

Course (General Purpose) Fine

Nominal Size & Tap Drill Nominal Size & Tap Drill
Pitch Diameter Pitch Diameter

M10 X 1.5 8.5 M10 X 1.25 8.75

M12 X 1.75 10.30 M12 X 1.25 10.5

M20 X 2.5 17.5 M20 X 1.5 18.5

 Right Hand Threads Advances Clockwise

Left Hand Threads Advances Counterclockwise

Other Types Of Threaded Fasteners

 Bolt & Nut

 Cap Screws
 Machine Screws
 Set Screws
 Wood Screws
 CAP SCREWS

 Used to fasten parts together.

 Have a naturally bright finish to
match the machined part.
 Chamfer to the depth of the first
thread
 Cap Screw Types

(a) Round, (b) Pan, (c) Oval, (d) Hex, (e) Socket,
(f) Flat, and (g) Phillips
Standard Dimensions Used In
Drawing The Cap Screw

D = Diameter of the shaft.

 Cap Screws & Bolts
• What is the difference
between a cap screw
and a bolt?
• Cap screws fasten
into a threaded blind
hole.
• Bolts are usually
accompany by a Nut
to fasten parts
together.
Hex Socket Cap Screw

Is BEST used with

a counterbored
hole
 Flat Head
CapScrew

Countersinking is
the BEST type of
machined hole to
accept a FLAT
HEAD cap screw.
Set Screws
• There are generally two
types: square-head and
headless.
• Because of safety issues
the headless setscrew
would be best for rotating
parts.
Set Screw
Used to hold
the collar to
the shaft

This type of set screw would

be a safety issue if the
assembly had a rotating
motion.
 Fasteners For Wood
• Wood Screws – create their own thread
when you drive them into soft woods
such as pine and spruce.
– Cone shaped shafts for easy entry into
the wood.
– Hard woods, such as maple or oak,
may require drilling a pilot hole.
– Wood screws have flat, round, or oval
heads with slotted or Phillips head
configurations.
 Wood Screw Head Types

(a) Round, (b) Flat, (c) Oval, (d) Phillips

Non-Threaded Fasteners

Keys & Keyways

Rivets
Cotter Pins
 Keys
Are used to prevent relative
movement between, wheels,
pulleys, gears, cranks, and
similar parts to a shaft.
Identification
Square Key – Design is used for heavy-
duty functions. Sometimes referred to as a
flat key.
Gib Head Key – It is exactly the same as
the square key except that it has a gib head,
which provides for easy removal.
Pratt & Whitney Key – is rectangle in
shape with semi-cylindrical ends.
Woodruff Key –
is semicircular in
shape and is often
used in machine-tool
work. The bottom of
the key fits into a
semicircular key slot
cut with a Woodruff
cutter and the top into
a rectangular slot.
Stock Key Size Based On The
Diameter Shaft
 Types of Pins Use pins when the
need for disassembly
of parts by hand or
tools.

Clevis pin
Straight pin
Use where appearance is Taper pin
not critical (pins need to
protrude). Cotter pin
 Rivets

1. Rivets – are regarded as permanent fasteners.

2. Generally used to hold sheet metal or rolled
steel shapes together.
3. The shaft of the rivet is inserted into the
aligned holes of the matting parts and then
formed to create a head on the opposite end of
the shaft, establishing a permanent assembly.