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001. Most of these leaders were involved in only a couple of inches per day. However, at
public life as reformers, activists working for intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers
women's right to vote, or authors, and were not move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
representative at all of the great of ordinary
women. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to
The word "representative" is closest in which of following?
meaning to which of following? (A) records
(A) typical (B) speeds
(B) satisfied (C) distances
(C) supportive (D) periods
(D) distinctive
005. The increasing water pressure under the
002. In the United States, Louis Comfort glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the
Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the
exponent of this style, producing a great variety glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge
of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely glaciers also might be influenced by the climate,
copied in their time and are highly prized volcanic heat, or earthquakes.
today. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to
The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) pushing
(A) valued (B) releasing
(B) universal (C) strengthening
(C) uncommon (D) draining
(D) preserved
006. A flood of ice would then surge into the
003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea
in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, level, more ice would plunge into the ocean,
although its influence continued throughout causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in
the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be turn would release more ice and set in motion a
overtaken by a new school of thought known vicious cycle.
as Functionalism that had been present since The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to
the turn of the century. which of following?
The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to (A) drop
which of following? (B) extend
(A) surpassed (C) melt
(B) inclined (D) drift
(C) expressed
(D) applied 007. Group members look to instrumental
leaders to "get things done." Expressive
004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers leadership, on the other hand, is leadership
behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps that emphasizes the collective well-being of a
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social group's members. puddles that would often have been

The word "collective" is closest in meaning to concealed by leaves and dust.
which of following? The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to
(A) necessary which of following?
(B) typical (A) highlighted
(C) group (B) covered
(D) particular (C) transformed
(D) contaminated
008. They offer sympathy when someone
experiences difficulties or is subjected to 012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5
discipline, are quick to lighten a serious times greater than the total land area of the
moment with humor, and try to resolve issues Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is
that threaten to divide the group. largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a
The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to century ago, the deep-ocean floor was
which of following? completely inaccessible
inaccessible, hidden beneath
(A) avoid repeating waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.
(B) talk about The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning
(C) avoid thinking about to which of following?
(D) find a solution for (A) unrecognizable
(B) unreachable
009. Thousands of tons were extracted before (C) unusable
1875, when it was first noticed that the tar (D) unsafe
contained fossil remains. Major excavations
were undertaken that established the 013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar
significance of this remarkable site. Challenger, was able to maintain a steady
The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to position on the ocean's surface and drill in very
which of following? deep waters, extracting samples of sediments
(A) predicted and rock from the ocean floor.
(B) announced The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to
(C) corrected which of following?
(D) observed (A) breaking
(B) locating
010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 (C) removing
million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from (D) analyzing
invertebrates, have been recovered, often in
densely concentrated tangled masses. 014. Today, largely on the strength of
The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to evidence gathered during the Glomar
which of following? Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists
(A) buried beneath agree on the theories of plate tectonics and
(B) twisted together continental drift that explain many of the
(C) quickly formed geological processes that shape the Earth.
(D) easily dated The word "strength" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, (A) basis
especially in the summer, and forms shallow (B) purpose
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(C) discovery during the period of the high birth rate prior
(D) endurance to 1957.
The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to
015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there which of following?
were over five in 1966. In September 1966 (A) behind
Canada's population passed the 20 million (B) since
mark. Most of this surging growth came from (C) during
natural increase. (D) preceding
The word "surging" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term
(A) new whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently
(B) extra proclaim that such products are safer and more
(C) accelerating nutritious than others.
(D) surprising The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
016. When the prairies were being settled, (A) Proponents
undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of (B) Merchants
the 1950's supported a growth in the (C) Inspectors
population, but the expansion also derived (D) Consumers
from a trend toward earlier marriages and an
increase in the average size of families. 020. There are numerous unsubstantiated
The word "trend" is closest in meaning to reports that natural vitamins are superior to
which of following? synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are
(A) tendency nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that
(B) aim untreated grains are better than fumigated
(C) growth grains, and the like.
(D) directive The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in
meaning to which of following?
017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate (A) unbelievable
in Canada began to decline. It continued falling (B) uncontested
until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 (C) unpopular
years. (D) unverified
The word "peak" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 021. But in many cases consumers are misled if
(A) pointed they believe organic foods can maintain
(B) dismal health and provide better nutritional quality
(C) mountain than conventionally grown foods. So there is
(D) maximum real cause for concern if consumers,
particularly those with limited incomes,
018. Although the growth in Canada's distrust the regular food supply and buy only
population had slowed down by 1966 (the expensive organic foods instead.
increase the first half of the 1960's was only The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to
nine percent) , another large population wave which of following?
was coming over the horizon. It would be (A) improve
composed of the children who were born (B) monitor
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(C) preserve (B) ruined

(D) restore (C) complicated
(D) fragile
022. In addition, there were performers and
since considerable importance was attached 026. Some botanists hypothesized that the
to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many
religious leaders usually assumed that task. experiments demonstrated that the stems of
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning plants in which all the cells are killed can still
to which of following? move water to appreciable heights.
(A) thoughtful The word "demonstrated" is closest in
(B) substantial meaning to which of following?
(C) relational (A) ignored
(D) ceremonial (B) showed
(C) disguised
023. In addition, there were performers and (D) distinguished
since considerable importance was attached to
avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, 027. As water is lost from the surface of the
religious leaders usually assumed that task. leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is
The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to created. The evaporated water is replaced by
which of following? water moving from inside the plant in
(A) establishment unbroken columns that extend from the top of
(B) performance a plant to its roots. The same forces that create
(C) authorization surface tension in any sample of water are
(D) season responsible for the maintenance of these
unbroken columns of water.
024. Staggering tasks confronted the people The word "extend" is closest in meaning to
of the United States, North and South, when which of following?
the Civil War ended. About a million and a half (A) stretch
soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, (B) branch
readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by (C) increase
the devastated economy. (D) rotate
The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land
(A) specialized for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse
(B) confusing railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys
(C) various pulled settled regions outward two to four
(D) overwhelming times more distant from city centers than they
were in the premodern era.
025. About a million and a half soldiers from The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which
both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to of following?
civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated (A) large
economy. (B) basic
The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to (C) new
which of following? (D) urban
(A) developing
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029. The new accessibility of land around the of following?

periphery of almost every major city sparked (A) example
an explosion of real estate development and (B) location
fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. (C) development
Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some (D) characteristic
250,000 new residential lots were recorded
within the borders of Chicago, most of them 033. The quality of preservation is almost
located in outlying areas. unmatched, and quarry operations have been
The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to carried out carefully with an awareness of the
which of following? value of the fossils. But these factors do not
(A) brought about account for the interesting question of how
(B) surrounded there came to be such a concentration of
(C) sent out pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very
(D) followed close to their time of giving birth.
The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning
030. Anxious to take advantage of the to which of following?
possibilities of commuting, real estate (A) record
developers added 800,000 potential building (B) describe
sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years- (C) equal
lots that could have housed five to six million (D) explain
people.
The word "potential" is closest in meaning to 034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the
which of following? clavichord, and the harpsichord became the
(A) certain chief instruments of the keyboard group, a
(B) popular supremacy they maintained until the piano
(C) improved supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth
(D) possible century.
The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest
031. The quality of preservation is in meaning to
outstanding
outstanding, but what is even more (A) a suggestion
impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils (B) an improvement
containing preserved embryos. (C) a dominance
The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning (D) a development
to which of following?
(A) extensive 035. A series of mechanical improvements
(B) surprising continuing well into the nineteenth century,
(C) vertical including the introduction of pedals to sustain
(D) excellent tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal
frame, and steel wire of the finest quality,
032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been finally produced an instrument capable of
reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a myriad tonal effects from the most delicate
small area around Holzamden, suggesting that harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of
a specific site was used by large numbers of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp,
ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. percussive brilliance.
The word "site" is closest in meaning to which The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? to take some care in matching their pieces to

(A) noticeable the mood of the film.
(B) many The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to
(C) loud which of following?
(D) unusual (A) simple
(B) serious
036. Each one was virtually a stone town, (C) short
which is why the Spanish would later call them (D) silent
pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These
pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' 040. Certain films had music especially
supreme achievements. At least a dozen large composed for them. The most famous of
stone houses took shape below the bluffs of these early special scores was that composed
Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico. and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a
The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to Nation, which was released in 1915.
which of following? The word "composed" is closest in meaning to
(A) most common which of following?
(B) most outstanding (A) selected
(C) most expensive (B) combined
(D) most convenient (C) played
(D) created
037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the The word "scores" is closest in meaning to
elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual which of following?
dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal (A) totals
lore to the younger generation. (B) successes
The word "settle" is closest in meaning to (C) musical compositions
which of following? (D) groups of musicians
(A) sink
(B) decide 041. The Earth comprises three principal
(C) clarify layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle
(D) locate made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at
depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.
038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to
access to the surrounding tableland, the which of following?
architects laid out a system of public roads with (A) adapts to
stone staircases for ascending cliff faces. (B) benefits from
The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to (C) consists of
which of following? (D) focuses on
(A) arriving at
(B) carving 042. These plates move over the semimolten
(C) connecting lower mantle to produce all of the major
(D) climbing topographical features of the Earth. Active
zones where intense deformation occurs are
039. Within a very short time, however, the confined to the narrow, interconnecting
incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn boundaries of contact of the plates.
film became apparent, and film pianists began The word "intense" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? give priority to the planet's dominant, most-

(A) surface distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a
(B) sudden bias toward land that sometimes gets in the
(C) rare way of truly examining global issues.
(D) extreme The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which
of following?
043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or (A) concern
more margins of each plate by material (B) disadvantage
issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, (C) attitude
for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at (D) prejudice
midocean ridges.
The word "margins" is closest in meaning to 047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin
which of following? are from the west. Warm, moist air from the
(A) edges Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the
(B) peaks Sierra Nevada.
(C) interiors The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning to
(D) distances which of following?
(A) most frequent
044. If at such a spreading contact the two (B) occasional
plates support continents, a rift is formed that (C) gentle
will gradually widen and become flooded by the (D) most dangerous
sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the
American and Afro-European plates move in 048. There seem to have been several periods
opposite directions. within the last tens of thousands of years when
The word "support" is closest in meaning to water accumulated in these basins. The rise
which of following? and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to
(A) separate the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets
(B) create that covered much of the northern part of the
(C) reduce North American continent during those times.
(D) hold The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning
045. Coincident with concerns about the (A) dried
accelerating loss of species and habitats has (B) flooded
been a growing appreciation of the (C) collected
importance of biological diversity, the number (D) evaporated
of species in a particular ecosystem, to the
health of the Earth and human well-being. 049. All living creature, especially human
The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning beings, have their peculiarities, but everything
to which of following? about the little sea cucumber seems unusual.
(A) ignorance What else can be said about a bizarre animal
(B) recognition that, among other eccentricities, eats mud,
(C) tolerance feeds almost continuously day and night but
(D) forgiveness can live without eating for long periods, and
can be poisonous but is considered supremely
046. An alien exploring Earth would probably edible by gourmets?
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The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to (C) loudly declares

which of following? (D) often criticizes
(A) odd
(B) marine 053. Secular institutions, of control such as the
(C) simple police and army take the place of religion and
(D) rare family in maintaining order, and a money-
based economy prevails
prevails. Because of these
050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly
when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs different from "folk".
into the water. It also casts off attached The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to
structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber which of following?
will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is (A) dominates
attacked or even touched; it will do the same if (B) provides
the surrounding water temperature is too high (C) develops
or if the water becomes too polluted. (D) invests
The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 054. Conventional computer models of the
(A) grows again atmosphere have limited value in predicting
(B) grabs short-lived local storms like the Edmonton
(C) gets rid of tornado, because the available weather data are
(D) uses as a weapon generally not detailed enough to allow
computers to discern the subtle atmospheric
051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, changes that precede these storms.
conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to
homogeneous in custom and race, with a which of following?
strong family or clan structure and highly (A) complex
developed rituals. (B) regular
The word "homogeneous" is closest in (C) imagined
meaning to which of following? (D) slight
(A) uniform
(B) general 055. Communications satellites can transmit
(C) primitive data around the world cheaply and
(D) traditional instantaneously, and modern computers can
quickly compile and analyzing this large
052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in volume of weather information.
industrialized countries such as the United The word "compile" is closest in meaning to
States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest which of following?
modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the (A) put together
Amish, a German American farming sect that (B) look up
largely renounces the products and labor (C) pile high
saving devices of the industrial age. (D) work over
The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 056. Meteorologists and computer scientists
(A) generally rejects now work together to design computer
(B) greatly modifies programs and video equipment capable of
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transforming raw weather data into words, (C) analyze

symbols, and vivid graphic displays that (D) increase
forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.
The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which The word "distinctions" is closest in meaning
of following? to which of following?
(A) stormy (A) differences
(B) inaccurate (B) classes
(C) uncooked (C) accomplishments
(D) unprocessed (D) characteristics
057. People in the United States in the 060. In science, a theory is a reasonable
nineteenth century were haunted by the explanation of observed events that are
prospect that unprecedented change in the related. A theory often involves an imaginary
nation's economy would bring social chaos. model that helps scientists picture the way an
The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to observed event could be produced.
which of following? The word "related" is closest in meaning to
(A) regret which of following?
(B) possibility (A) connected
(C) theory (B) described
(D) circumstance (C) completed
(D) identified
058. Although the birth rate continued to
decline from its high level of the eighteenth and 061. If observations confirm the scientists'
early nineteenth century, the population predictions, the theory is supported.
roughly doubled every generation during the The word "supported" is closest in meaning to
rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the which of following?
population grew, its makeup also changed. (A) finished
The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to (B) adjusted
which of following? (C) investigated
(A) harshly (D) upheld
(B) surprisingly
(C) slowly 062. The ice trade grew with the growth of
(D) approximately cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and
hospitals, and by some forward-looking city
059. Rapid industrialization and increased dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.
geographic mobility in the nineteenth century The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in
had special implications for women because meaning to which of following?
these changes tended to magnify social (A) progressive
distinctions
distinctions. As the roles men and women (B) popular
played in society became more rigidly defined, (C) thrifty
so did the roles they played in the home. (D) well-established
The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy
(A) solve as we might now suppose. In the early
(B) explain nineteenth century, the knowledge of the
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physics of heat, which was essential to a science 067. One important line of evidence comes
of refrigeration, was rudimentary. from flaking patterns of stone cores used in
The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning tool making: implements flaked with a
to which of following? clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed
(A) growing toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose
(B) undeveloped flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation
(C) necessary (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .
(D) uninteresting The word "implements" is closest in meaning
064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole (A) tools
purpose of the American Academy and (B) designs
Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist (C) examples
and sustain an interest" in literature, music, (D) pieces
and art.
The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which 068. Even scratches found on fossil human
of following? teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought
(A) only to have cut meat into strips by holding it
(B) honorable between their teeth and slicing it with stone
(C) common knives, as do the present-day Inuit.
(D) official The word "clues" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
065. One award subsidizes a promising (A) solutions
American writer's visit to Rome. There is even (B) details
an award for a very good work of fiction that (C) damage
failed commercially-once won by the young (D) information
John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more
recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and 069. The variation between the hemispheres
Trouble. corresponds to which side of the body is used
The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to to perform specific activities. Such studies, as
which of following? well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or
(A) assures left-sided dominance is not exclusive to
(B) finances modern Homo sapiens.
(C) schedules The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning
(D) publishes to which of following?
(A) differences
066. Committee membership rotates every (B) sides
year, so that new voices and opinions are (C) activities
constantly heard. (D) studies
The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 070. Plants are subject to attack and infection
(A) alternates by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species
(B) participates and have evolved a diverse array of
(C) decides mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential
(D) meets colonists.
The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave

(A) susceptible to until pollen has been accurately placed or
(B) classified by removed.
(C) attractive to The word "placed" is closest in meaning to
(D) strengthened by which of following?
(A) estimated
071. The external surfaces of plants, in addition (B) measured
to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy (C) deposited
cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as (D) identified
trichomes, which either prevent feeding by
insects or may even puncture and kill insect 075. By such ingenious adaptations to specific
larvae. pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards
The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring
which of following? the survival of species as discrete identities.
(A) pierce At the same time they have made themselves
(B) pinch irresistible to collectors.
(C) surround The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to
(D) cover which of following?
(A) complicated
072. Orchids are unique in having the most (B) separate
highly developed of all blossoms, in which the (C) inoffensive
usual male and female reproductive organs are (D) functional
fused in a single structure called the column.
The word "fused" is closest in meaning to 076. The public school system suddenly found
which of following? itself overtaxed
overtaxed. While the number of
(A) combined schoolchildren rose because of wartime and
(B) hidden postwar conditions, these same conditions
(C) fertilized made the schools even less prepared to cope
(D) produced with the flood.
The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to
073. To lure their pollinators from afar, which of following?
orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, (A) well prepared
colors, and scents. At least 50 different (B) plentifully supplied
aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the (C) heavily burdened
orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at (D) charged too much
most a few, species of insects or birds.
The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which 077. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the
of following? baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate
(A) attract school system. Consequently, the "custodial
(B) recognize rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no
(C) follow longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged
(D) help sixteen and older out of the labor market by
keeping them in school could no longer be a
074. Once the right insect has been attracted, high priority for an institution unable to find
some orchids present all sorts of one-way space and staff to teach younger children aged
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five to sixteen. to have created a genre, the "railroad novel,"

The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to are now mostly forgotten, their names having
which of following? faded from memory.
(A) deficient The words "faded from" in line 21 are closest in
(B) expanded meaning to
(C) innovative (A) grew in
(D) specialized (B) disappeared from
(C) remained in
078. With the baby boom, the focus of (D) developed from
educators and of laymen interested in
education inevitably turned toward the lower 082. The engine that became standard on
grades and back to basic academic skills and western steamboats was of a different and
discipline. novel design. It was the work primarily of an
The word "inevitably" is closest in meaning to unsung hero of American industrial progress,
which of following? Oliver Evans (1755-1819) .
(A) unwillingly The word "novel" is closest in meaning to
(B) impartially which of following?
(C) irrationally (A) fictional
(D) unavoidably (B) intricate
(C) innovative
079. Deeply philosophical historians such as (D) powerful
Henry Adams lamented the role that the new
frenzy for business was playing in eroding 083. The self-educated son of a Delaware
traditional values. A distrust of industry and farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the
business continued among writers throughout possibilities of mechanized production and
the rest of the nineteenth century and into the steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a
twentieth. stationary steam engine of high-pressure
The word "lamented" is closest in meaning to design in his mill. Engines of this type were not
which of following? unknown, but before Evans they were generally
(A) complained about considered impractical and dangerous.
(B) analyzed The word "stationary" is closest in meaning to
(C) explained which of following?
(D) reflected on (A) single
(B) fixed
080. One thinks of melodramas, boys' books, (C) locomotive
thrillers, romances, and the like rather than (D) modified
novels of the first rank
rank.
The phrase "first rank" is closest in meaning to 084. In shallow western rivers the weight of
which of following? vessel and engine was important; a heavy
(A) largest category engine added to the problem of navigation.
(B) highest quality The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to
(C) earliest writers which of following?
(D) most difficult language (A) fuel
(B) crew
081. These writers, who can genuinely be said (C) cargo
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(D) craft with having created the painting may have

designed the work and overseen its production,
085. The key concepts emerged about 1957. but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand
Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell applied every stroke of the brush. More likely,
Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper numerous assistants, who had been trained to
outlining the conditions needed to amplify imitate the artist's style, applied the paint.
stimulated emission of visible light waves. The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to
The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) copy
(A) increased (B) illustrate
(B) concluded (C) promote
(C) succeeded (D) believe in
(D) appeared
The word "outlining" is closest in meaning to 089. On the other hand, when it comes to
which of following? substantive-particularly behavioral-
(A) assigning information, crows are less well known than
(B) studying many comparably common species and, for
(C) checking that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones:
(D) summarizing the endangered California condor, to cite one
obvious example. There are practical reasons
086. On this perfect surface, the artist would for this.
sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with The word "comparably" is closest in meaning
inks, and then begin the deliberate process of to which of following?
applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg (A) interestingly
yolk in which pigments are suspended) with (B) similarly
small brushes. (C) otherwise
The word "deliberate" is closest in meaning to (D) sometimes
which of following?
(A) decisive 090. Being so educable, individual birds have
(B) careful markedly different interests and inclinations
inclinations,
(C) natural strategies and scams.
(D) unusual The word "inclination" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
087. The quick-drying tempera demanded (A) tricks
that the artist know exactly where each stroke (B) opportunities
be placed before the brush met the panel, and it (C) preferences
required the use of fine brushes. (D) experiences
The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 091. The confusion and congestion of
(A) ordered individual citizens looking for their letters was
(B) reported itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is
(C) required no wonder that, during the years of these
(D) questioned cumbersome arrangements, private letter-
carrying and express businesses developed.
088. The painter or master who is credited The word "cumbersome" is closest in meaning
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to which of following? revealed that garbage had been stashed in the

(A) burdensome building's basement despite sanitation laws
(B) handsome to the contrary.
(C) loathsome The word "sanitation" is closest in meaning to
(D) quarrelsome which of following?
(A) city
092. But this delivery service was at first (B) housing
confined to cities, and free home delivery (C) health
became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a (D) trade
town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible
for free home delivery. 096. When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the
The word "Confined" is closest in meaning to Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many
which of following? conflicting theories about the nature of the
(A) granted Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it
(B) scheduled contained a highly compressed ball of
(C) limited incandescent gas, while others suspected that it
(D) recommended consisted of separate shells, each made of a
different material.
093. They were, by training, social scientists, The word "conflicting" is closest in meaning to
not historians, and their work tended to reflect which of following?
this bias. The questions they framed and the (A) controlling
techniques they used were designed to help (B) outdated
them understand, as scientists, how people (C) opposing
behaved. (D) important
The word "framed" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 097. Beyond a depth of around 2,900
kilometers, a great change takes place and the
(B) read mantle gives way to the core.< Some seismic
(C) avoided waves cannot pass through the core and others
(D) posed are bent by it. From this and other evidence,
geologists conclude that the outer core is
094. In Kingston, New York, for example, probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost
evidence has been uncovered that indicates certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller
that English goods were being smuggled into amount of other elements such as nickel.
that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly The phrase "gives way to" is closest in
controlled trading in the area. meaning to which of following?
The word "supposedly" is closest in meaning to (A) runs along
which of following? (B) rubs against
(A) ruthlessly (C) turns into
(B) tightly (D) floats on
(C) barely
(D) seemingly 098. Although scientists can speculate about
its nature, neither humans nor machines will
095. And in Sacramento an excavation at the ever be able to visit it.
site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel The word "speculate" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved

(A) report barren. In the eastern parts of the United
(B) learn States, the preferred grass for forage was a
(C) worry cultivated plant.
(D) hypothesize The word "barren" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
099. Farmers could get better prices for their (A) lonely
crops if the alternative existed of sending (B) dangerous
them directly eastward to market, and (C) uncomfortable
merchants could sell larger quantities of their (D) infertile
manufactured goods if these could be
transported more directly and more 103. In the eastern parts of the United States,
economically to the west. the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated
The word "alternative" is closest in meaning to plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when
which of following? cut and stored it would cure and become
(A) option nourishing hay for winter feed.
(B) transition The word "preferred" is closest in meaning to
(C) intention which of following?
(D) authorization (A) ordinary
(B) available
100. The distance was more than 350 miles, (C) required
and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness (D) favored
of woods and swamps to penetrate.
The word "penetrate" is closest in meaning to 104. They were not juicy like the cultivated
which of following? eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.
(A) cut down The word "hard" is closest in meaning to
(B) go through which of following?
(C) fill up (A) firm
(D) take over (B) severe
(C) difficult
101. The range of the New York canal system (D) bitter
was still further extended when the states of
Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of 105. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture
the Erie Canal, provided water connections of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth
between Lake Erie and the Ohio River. century displays a wide divergence of taste
The word "extended" is closest in meaning to and freedom of application of the rules laid
which of following? down in these books.
(A) increased The word "divergence" is closest in meaning to
(B) constructed which of following?
(C) deepened (A) description
(D) measured (B) development
(C) difference
102. The answer lay in a resource that (D) display
unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot
in their haste to cross the "Great American 106. New England still favored wood, though
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brick houses became common in Boston and term. It is should be an integral part of one's
other towns, where the danger of fire gave an entire life.
impetus to the use of more durable material. The word "integral" is closest in meaning to
A few houses in New England were built of which of following?
stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent (A) an equitable
areas was stone widely used in dwellings
dwellings. (B) a profitable
The word "durable" is closest in meaning to (C) a pleasant
which of following? (D) an essential
(A) attractive
(B) expensive 110. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean
(C) refined has been called the "Ring of Fire" because so
(D) long-lasting many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists
The word "dwelling" is closest in meaning to could not explain why active volcanoes and
which of following? strong earthquakes were concentrated in that
(A) houses region.
(B) towns The word "concentrated" is closest in meaning
(C) outbuildings to which of following?
(D) rural areas (A) allowed
(B)clustered
107. Doorways were larger and more decorative. (C) exploded
Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. (D) strengthened
Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes
elaborately paneled. 111. In the United States in the early 1800's,
The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning individual state governments had more effect
to which of following? on the economy than did the federal
(A) done in great detail government. States chartered manufacturing,
(B) put together carefully banking, mining, and transportation firms and
(C) using many colors participated in the construction of various
(D) reinforced structurally internal improvements such as canals,
turnpikes, and railroads.
108. Whereas schooling has a certain The word "effect" is closest in meaning to
predictability, education quite often produces which of following?
surprises. A chance conversation with (A) value
stranger may lead a person to discover how (B) argument
little is known of other religions. People are (C) influence
engaged in education from infancy on. (D) restraint
The word "chance" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 112. The states encouraged internal
(A) unplanned improvements in two distinct ways: first, by
(B) unusual actually establishing state companies to build
(C) lengthy such improvements; second, by providing part
(D) lively of the capital for mixed public-private
companies setting out to make a profit.
109. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? 116. It turns out that some fossils can be

(A) separate extracted from these sediments by putting the
(B) innovative rocks in an acid bath. The technique has
(C) alarming uncovered new evidence from sediments that
(D) provocative were deposited near the shores of the ancient
oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic
113. Finally, state governments experimented pieces of small animals.
with direct labor and business regulation The word "extracted" is closest in meaning to
designed to help the individual laborer or which of following?
consumer, including setting maximum limits (A) located
on hours of work and restrictions on price- (B) preserved
fixing by businesses. (C) removed
The word "setting" is closest in meaning to (D) studied
which of following?
(A) discussing 117. The technique has uncovered new evidence
(B) analyzing from sediments that were deposited near the
(C) establishing shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils
(D) avoiding and microscopic pieces of small animals. In
many instances the specimens are less than
114. Although the states dominated economic one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.
activity during this period, the federal The word "instances" is closest in meaning to
government was not inactive. Its goals were the which of following?
facilitation of western settlement and the (A) methods
development of native industries. Toward these (B) processes
ends the federal government pursued several (C) cases
courses of action. (D) reasons
The word "ends" is closest in meaning to which
of following? 118. In many instances the specimens are less
(A) benefits than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.
(B) decisions Although they were entombed in the rocks for
(C) services hundreds of millions of years, many of the
(D) goals fossils consist of the organic remains of the
organism.
115. What forms of life were able to make such The word "entombed" is closest in meaning to
a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional which of following?
view of the first terrestrial organisms is based (A) crushed
on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of (B) trapped
essentially whole plants and animals. (C) produced
The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to (D) excavated
which of following?
(A) widespread 119. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-
(B) radical class republics --- whether ancient Romans,
(C) progressive seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or
(D) risky nineteenth-century Americans --- have always
shown a marked taste for portraiture.
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The word "marked" is closest in meaning to 122. Both the number and the percentage of
which of following? people in the United States involved in
(A) pronounced nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly
(B) fortunate during the half century following the Civil War,
(C) understandable with some of the most dramatic increases
(D) mysterious occurring in the domains of transportation,
manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
120. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced The word "domains" is closest in meaning to
to America, ushering in the age of which of following?
photography, and within a generation the new (A) fields
invention put an end to the popularity of (B) locations
painted portraits. Once again an original (C) organizations
portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the (D) occupations
wealthy and executed by the professional.
The phrase "ushering in" is closest in meaning 123. The development of the railroad and
to which of following? telegraph systems during the middle third of
(A) beginning the nineteenth century led to significant
(B) demanding improvements in the speed, volume, and
(C) publishing regularity of shipments and communications,
(D) increasing making possible a fundamental
transformation in the production and
The word "executed" is closest in meaning to distribution of goods.
which of following? The word "fundamental" is closest in meaning
(A) sold to which of following?
(B) requested (A) possible
(C) admired (B) basic
(D) created (C) gradual
(D) unique
121. Local crafts people-sign, coach, and house
painters-began to paint portraits as a profitable 124. To be sure, there were still small
sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman workshops, where skilled craftspeople
who began by sketching family members manufactured products ranging from
gained a local reputation and was besieged with newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures.
requests for portraits; artists found it worth The word "skilled" is closest in meaning to
their while to pack their paints, canvases, and which of following?
brushes and to travel the countryside, often (A) hardworking
combining house decorating with portrait (B) expert
painting. (C) well-paid
The word "sketching" is closest in meaning to (D) industrial
which of following?
(A) drawing 125. And there were factories in occupations
(B) hiring such as metalwork where individual
(C) helping contractors presided over what were
(D) discussing essentially handicraft proprietorships that
coexisted within a single building.
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The words "presided over" in line 20 are closest 129. On the rare occasion when a fine piece of
in meaning to sculpture was desired, Americans turned to
(A) managed foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the
(B) led to cities of New York and Charleston, South
(C) worked in Carolina, commissioned the Englishman
(D) produced Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of
William Pill.
126. Objects in the universe show a variety of The word "rare" is closest in meaning to which
shapes: round planets (some with rings) , tailed of following?
comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds, (A) festive
ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral (B) infrequent
galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on (C) delightful
this list describes the largest single entities in (D) unexpected
the universe.
The word "entities" is closest in meaning to 130. Desert mammals also depart from the
which of following? normal mammalian practice of maintaining a
(A) factors constant body temperature. Instead of trying to
(B) processes keep down the body temperature deep inside
(C) objects the body, which would involve the expenditure
(D) puzzles of water and energy, desert mammals allow
their temperatures to rise to what would
127. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of normally be fever height, and temperatures as
skulls and crossbones and other religious icons high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured
of death into the gray slabs that we still see in Grant's gazelles.
standing today in old burial grounds. The word "maintaining" is closest in meaning
The word "motifs" is closest in meaning to to which of following?
which of following? (A) measuring
(A) tools (B) inheriting
(B) prints (C) preserving
(C) signatures (D) delaying
(D) designs
131. Another strategy of large desert animals is
128. Although they often achieved expression to tolerate the loss of body water to a point
and formal excellence in their generally that would be fatal for nonadapted animals.
primitive style, they remained artisans skilled The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body
in the craft of carving and constituted a group weight as water without harm to itself, whereas
distinct from what we normally think of as human beings die after losing only 12 to 13
"sculptors" in today's use of the word. percent of their body weight.
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to The word "tolerate" is closest in meaning to
which of following? which of following?
(A) separate (A) endure
(B) assembled (B) replace
(C) notable (C) compensate
(D) inferior (D) reduce

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132. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious (D) defeated

advantage in the desert, as animals do not have
to remain near a water hole but can obtain 136. In the same year, in San Francisco,
food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. California, only 2,000 units were built. San
Francisco has only a 1. 6 percent vacancy rate
The word "obtain" is closest in meaning to but stringent rent control laws.
which of following? The word "stringent" is closest in meaning to
(A) digest which of following?
(B) carry (A) straightforward
(C) save (B) strict
(D) get (C) expanded
(D) efficient
133. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal
government ordered landlords to roll back 137. For example, sometimes the shape or
their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests,
rents could only go up by two thirds as much as perhaps even dictates
dictates, not only the ultimate
any increase in the overall price level. form, but even the subject matter.
The phrase "roll back" in lines 11-12 is closest in The word "dictates" is closest in meaning to
meaning to which of following? which of following?
(A) credit (A) reads aloud
(B) measure (B) determines
(C) vary (C) includes
(D) reduce (D) records
134. In any housing market, rental prices 138. In 1905 he was sent to Paris as an
perform three functions: (1) promoting the apprentice to an art dealer, and in the years
efficient maintenance of existing housing and that followed he witnessed the birth of
stimulating the construction of new housing. Cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned
The word "stimulating" is closest in meaning the techniques of woodcarving from a frame
to which of following? maker.
(A) experimenting with The word "witnessed" is closest in meaning to
(B) identifying which of following?
(C) estimating (A) influenced
(D) encouraging (B) studied
(C) validated
135. One result of rent control is a decrease in (D) observed
the construction of new rental units. Rent
Controls have artificially depressed the most 139. The plank's form dictated the rigidly
important long-term determinant of frontal view and the low relief. Even its
profitability-rents. irregular shape must have appealed to Laurent
The word "depressed" is closest in meaning to as a break with a long-standing tradition that
which of following? required a sculptor to work within a perfect
(A) saddened rectangle or square.
(B) created The phrase "a break with" is closest in
(C) lowered meaning to which of following?
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(A) a destruction of few birds awake at any given moment to give

(B) a departure from the alarm. But this increased protection is
(C) a collapse of partially counteracted by the fact that mass
(D) a solution to roosts attract predators and are especially
vulnerable if they are on the ground.
140. In winter especially, it is important for The word "counteracted" is closest in meaning
birds to keep warm at night and conserve to which of following?
precious food reserves. (A) suggested
The word "conserve" is closest in meaning to (B) negated
which of following? (C) measured
(A) retain (D) shielded
(B) watch
(C) locate 144. Drying, smoking, and salting could
(D) share preserve meat for a short time, but the
availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk,
141. One way to do this is to find a sheltered was very limited; there was no way to prevent
roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense spoilage.
vegetation or enter a cavity-horned larks dig The word "prevent" is closest in meaning to
holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into which of following?
snow banks-but the effect of sheltering is (A) estimate
magnified by several birds huddling together (B) avoid
in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, (C) correct
bluebirds, and anis do. (D) confine
The word "magnified" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 145. The icebox became a fixture in most
(A) caused homes and remained so until the mechanized
(B) modified refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.
(C) intensified Almost everyone now had a more diversified
(D) combined diet.
The word "fixture" is closest in meaning to
142. The second possible benefit of communal which of following?
roots is that they act as "information centers." (A) luxury item
During the day, parties of birds will have (B) substance
spread out to forage over a very large area. (C) commonplace object
When they return in the evening some will have (D) mechanical device
fed well, but others may have found little to eat.
The word "forage" is closest in meaning to 146. Some people continued to eat mainly
which of following? foods that were heavy in starches or
(A) fly carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford
(B) assemble meat. Nevertheless
Nevertheless, many families could take
(C) feed advantage of previously unavailable fruits,
(D) rest vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more
varied fare.
143. Finally, there is safety in numbers at The word "Nevertheless" is closest in meaning
communal roosts since there will always be a to which of following?
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(A) therefore adobe and wood. Anasazi houses were

(B) because originally built in pits and were entered from
(C) occasionally the roof.
(D) however The word "pits" is closest in meaning to which
of following?
readily change its orientation, or phase. Cats (A) stages
know this instinctively, but scientists could not (B) scars
be sure how it happened until they increased (C) seeds
the speed of their perceptions a thousand fold. (D) holes
The word "readily" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 150. Each kiva had a fire pit and hole that was
(A) only believed to lead to the underworld. The largest
(B) easily pueblos had five stories and more than 800
(C) slowly rooms.
(D) certainly The word "stories" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
147. The changing profile of a city in the United (A) articles
States is apparent in the shifting definitions (B) tales
used by the United States Bureau of the Census. (C) levels
In 1870 the census officially distinguished (D) rumors
the nation's "urban" from its "rural" population
for the first time. 151. The village chief dealt with land disputes
The word "distinguished" is closest in meaning and religious affairs. The war chief led the men
to which of following? in fighting during occasional conflicts that
(A) differentiated broke out with neighboring villages and
(B) removed directed the men in community building
(C) honored projects.
(D) protected The word "disputes" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
148. Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one (A) discussions
central city with 50,000 inhabitant or more or (B) arguments
(b) two cities having shared boundaries and (C) developments
constituting
constituting, for general economic and social (D) purchases
purposes, a single community with a combined
population of at least 50,000, the smaller of 152. This had a considerable effect on cattle
which must have a population of at least ranching, since the herds no longer had
15,000. unrestricted use of the plains for grazing, and
The word "constituting" is closest in meaning the fencing led to conflict between the farmers
to which of following? and the cattle ranchers.
(A) located near The word "unrestricted" is closest in meaning
(B) determined by to which of following?
(C) calling for (A) unsatisfactory
(D) making up (B) difficult
(C) considerable
149. The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of (D) unlimited
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(C) surfaces
153. The steel wires used are galvanized-coated (D) travels
with zinc to make them rustproof. The two
wires that make up the line wire or cable are 157. During ascent from a depth of 10 meters,
fed separately into a machine at one end. They the volume of air in the lungs will double
leave it at the other end twisted together and because the air pressure at the surface is only
barbed. half of what it was at 10 meters. This change in
The word "fed" is closest in meaning to which volume may cause the lungs to distend and
of following? even rupture.
(A) put The word "rupture" is closest in meaning to
(B) eaten which of following?
(C) bitten (A) hurt
(D) nourished (B) shrink
(C) burst
154. The pressure exerted on the human body (D) stop
increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters
of depth in seawater, so that at 30 meters in 158. In the twentieth century, electron
seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure of microscopes have provided direct views of
about 4 atmospheres. viruses and minuscule surface structures. The
The words "exposed to" in line 6 are closest in word "minuscule" is closest in meaning to
(A) leaving behind (A) circular
(B) prepared for (B) dangerous
(C) propelled by (C) complex
(D) subjected to (D) tiny
155. Deep dives are less dangerous if helium is 159. Unlike conventional electron microscopy,
substituted for nitrogen, because under these x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be
pressures helium does not exert a similar kept in air and in water, which means that
narcotic effect. biological samples can be studied under
The word "exert" is closest in meaning to conditions similar to their natural state.
which of following? The word "enables" is closest in meaning to
(A) cause which of following?
(B) permit (A) constitutes
(C) need (B) specifies
(D) change (C) expands
(D) allows
156. As a scuba diver descends, the pressure of
nitrogen in the lungs increases. Nitrogen then 160. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays
diffuses from the lungs to the blood, and from used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match
the blood to body tissues. the highest resolution possible with electron
The word "diffuses" is closest in meaning to microscopes. Rather, their special properties
which of following? will make possible investigations that will
(A) yields complement those performed with light-and
(B) starts electron-based instruments.
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The word "Rather" is closest in meaning to devote their lives to unselfish service of
which of following? humanity.
(A) significantly The word "devote" is closest in meaning to
(B) preferably which of following?
(C) somewhat (A) distinguish
(D) instead (B) feel affection
(C) prefer
161. What they do is look at familiar conditions (D) dedicate
from a perspective that makes these conditions
seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us 165. Hotels were among the earliest facilities
out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked that bound the United States together. They
realization that many of the values we were both creations and creators of
unquestioningly accept are false. communities, as well as symptoms of the
The word "realization" is closest in meaning to frenetic quest for community.
which of following? The word "bound" is closest in meaning to
(A) certainty which of following?
(B) awareness (A) led
(C) surprise (B) protected
(D) confusion (C) tied
(D) strengthened
162. It was the manner of expression, the
satiric method, that made them interesting and 166. The growing custom of regularly
entertaining, satires are read because they are assembling from afar the representatives of
aesthetically satisfying works of art, not all kinds of groups, not only for political
because they are morally wholesome or conventions, but also for commercial,
ethically instructive. professional, learned, and avocational ones... in
The word "aesthetically" is closest in meaning turn supported the multiplying hotels.
to which of following? The word "assembling" is closest in meaning
(A) artistically to which of following?
(B) exceptionally (A) announcing
(C) realistically (B) motivating
(D) dependably (C) gathering
(D) contracting
163. They are stimulating and refreshing
because with commonsense briskness they 167. In the past, as today, men, women, and
brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. children adorned themselves with beads. In
The word "refreshing" is closest in meaning to some cultures still, certain beads are often
which of following? worn from birth until death, and then are
(A) popular buried with their owners for the afterlife.
(B) ridiculous The word "adorned" is closest in meaning to
(C) meaningful which of following?
(D) unusual (A) protected
(B) decorated
164. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies (C) purchased
attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens (D) enjoyed
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(A) opening
168. Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry (B) flower
or incorporated into articles of attire, beads (C) mouth
possess the desirable characteristics of every (D) tree
collectible: they are durable, portable, available
in infinite variety, and often valuable in their 172. Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue
original cultural context as well as in today's into the gap and draws out the seed. Using the
market. combined action of the bill and tongue, the
The word "attire" is closest in meaning to birds cracks open and discards the woody
which of following? seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner
(A) ritual kernel.
(B) importance The word "discards" is closest in meaning to
(C) clothing which of following?
(D) history (A) eats
(B) breaks
169. Beads are miniature bundles of secrets (C) finds out
waiting to be revealed: their history, (D) gets rid of
manufacture, cultural context, economic role,
and ornamental use are all points of 173. As a rule, large billed crossbills are better
information one hopes to unravel. at seeming seeds from large cones while small
The word "unravel" is closest in meaning to billed crossbills are more deft at removing the
which of following? seeds from small, thin scaled cones.
(A) communicate The word "deft" is closest in meaning to which
(B) transport of following?
(C) improve (A) hungry
(D) discover (B) skilled
(C) tired
170. Even the most mundane beads may have (D) pleasant
traveled great distances and been exposed to
many human experiences. 174. This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most
The word "mundane" is closest in meaning to of Newfoundland's conifers have small cones,
which of following? the same kind of cones that the slender-billed
(A) carved white-wings rely on.
(B) beautiful The word "robust" is closest in meaning to
(C) ordinary which of following?
(D) heavy (A) strong
(B) colorful
171. The crossed mandibles enable the birds to (C) unusual
exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips, (D) sharp
which is critical for maneuvering them between
the scales and spreading the scales apart. Next, 175. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who
the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the published the first official copies of the
gap and draws out the seed. Declaration, the first copies that included the
The word "gap" is closest in meaning to which names of its signers and therefore heralded
of following? the support of all thirteen colonies.
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The word "heralded" is closest in meaning to (B) apparent

which of following? (C) understood
(A) influenced (D) simplistic
(B) announced
(C) rejected 179. Their light was already halfway here before
(D) ignored the Earth even formed. The light from the
nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still
176. She was also the city's postmaster from dominated the animal world.
1775 to 1789 --- appointed by Benjamin The word "dominated" is closest in meaning to
Franklin --- and is considered to be the first which of following?
woman to hold a federal position
position. (A) threatened
The word "position" is closest in meaning to (B) replaced
which of following? (C) were developing in
(A) job (D) were prevalent in
(B) election
(C) document 180. This meant that wagon freighting, stage
(D) location coaching and steam boating did not come to an
end when the first train appeared; rather they
177. Galaxies are the major building blocks of became supplements or feeders.
the universe. A galaxy is a giant family of many The word "supplements" is closest in meaning
millions of stars, and it is held together by its to which of following?
own gravitational field. (A) extensions
The word "major" is closest in meaning to (B) reformers
which of following? (C) dependents
(A) intense (D) influences
(B) principal
(C) lunge 181. Wagon freighters continued operating
(D) unique throughout the 1870's and 1880's and into the
1890's,although over constantly shrinking
178. The elliptical galaxies have a routes, and coaches and wagons continued to
symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape crisscross the West wherever the rails had
with no obvious structure. Most of their not yet been laid.
member stars are very old and since elliptical The word "crisscross" is closest in meaning to
are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are which of following?
forming in them. (A) lead the way
The word "symmetrical" is closest in meaning (B) separate
to which of following? (C) move back and forth
(A) proportionally balanced (D) uncover
(B) commonly seen
(C) typically large 182. The primary reason was skepticism that
(D) steadily growing a railroad built through so challenging and
thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and
The word "obvious" is closest in meaning to semiarid plain could pay a profit.
which of following? The word "skepticism" is closest in meaning to
(A) discovered which of following?
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(A) doubt 186. Counts could also be maintained by

(B) amazement making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by
(C) urgency cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying
(D) determination knots in a string.
The word "maintained" is closest in meaning
183. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the to which of following?
chair of the congressional committee bluntly (A) justified
stated that without government subsidy no (B) asserted
one would undertake so unpromising a venture; (C) located
yet it was a national necessity to link East and (D) kept
West together.
The word "subsidy" is closest in meaning to 187. Then, perhaps later, an assortment of
which of following? vocal sounds was developed as a word tally
(A) persuasion against the number of objects in a small group.
(B) financing The word "assortment" is closest in meaning
(C) explanation to which of following?
(D) penalty (A) instrument
(B) variety
184. However, the concept of number and the (C) surplus
counting process developed so long before the (D) symbol
time of recorded history (there is chaeological
evidence that counting was employed by 188. Their products, primarily silver plates and
humans as far back as 50,000 years ago) that bowls, reflected their exalted status and
the manner of this development is largely testified to their customers' prominence.
conjectural. The word "exalted" is closest in meaning to
The word "conjectural" is closest in meaning which of following?
to which of following? (A) unusual
(A) complex (B) uncertain
(B) based on guessing (C) surprising
(C) unbelievable (D) superior
(D) supported by careful research
189. Colonial coppersmithing also came of
185. Probably the earliest way of keeping a age in the early eighteenth century and
count was by some simple tally method, prospered in northern cities.
employing the principle of one-to-one The phrase "came of age" is closest in meaning
correspondence. In keeping a count of sheep, to which of following?
for example, one finger per sheep could be (A) established itself
turned under. (B) declined
The word "employing" is closest in meaning to (C) became less expensive
which of following? (D) was studied
(A) using
(B) paying 190. Fossils are the remains and traces (such
(C) focusing as footprints or other marks ) of ancient plant
(D) hiring and animal life that are more than 10,000
years old.
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The word "traces" is closest in meaning to appear will be greater than the concentrations
which of following? that the pollutants would have in the absence
(A) structures of human activities.
(B) importance The word "noxious" is closest in meaning to
(C) skeletons which of following?
(D) imprints (A) harmful
(B) noticeable
191. The woolly mammoth, a long-haired (C) extensive
rhinoceros, and other mammals have been (D) weak
periodically exposed in the tundra of Siberia,
the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage. 195. The actual concentration need not be large
for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the
The word "exposed" is closest in meaning to numerical value tells us little until we know
which of following? how much of an increase this represents over
(A) photographed the concentration that would occur naturally in
(B) uncovered the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has
(C) located detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per
(D) preserved million (ppm) , which is about 400 times its
natural level.
192. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to
compound added directly or indirectly by which of following?
humans to the atmosphere in such quantities (A) beneficial
as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or (B) special
materials adversely. (C) measurable
The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to (D) separable
which of following?
(A) negatively 196. The acute, growing public awareness of
(B) quickly the social changes that had been taking place
(C) admittedly for some time was tied to tremendous growth
(D) considerably in popular journalism in the late nineteenth
century, including growth in quantity and
193. As the Earth developed, the concentrations circulation of both magazines and newspapers.
of these pollutants were altered by various The word "acute" is closest in meaning to
chemical reactions; they became components which of following?
in biogeochemical cycles. (A) useful
The word "altered" is closest in meaning to (B) intense
which of following? (C) genuine
(A) eliminated (D) controversial
(B) caused
(C) slowed 197. Furthermore, the introduction in 1890 of
(D) changed the first successful linotype machine promised
even further growth. In 1872 only two daily
194. The result is an increased concentration of newspapers could claim a circulation of over
noxious chemicals in the air. The 100,000, but by 1892 seven more newspapers
concentrations at which the adverse effects exceeded that figure. A world beyond the
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immediate community was rapidly becoming 201. This is why glass shatters so easily when
visible. dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time,
The word "exceeded" is closest in meaning to especially when exposed to moisture, and
which of following? why glassware must be slowly reheated and
(A) controlled uniformly cooled after manufacture to release
(B) surpassed internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
(C) affected The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in
(D) equaled meaning to
(A) hardened by
198. Magazines as they are known today began (B) chilled with
publication around 1882, and, in fact, the (C) subjected to
circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that (D) deprived of
of newspapers in the period which followed. By
1892, for example, the circulation of the Ladies' 202. This is why glass shatters so easily when
Home Journal had reached an astounding dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time,
700,000. especially when exposed to moisture, and why
The word "astounding" is closest in meaning glassware must be slowly reheated and
to which of following? uniformly cooled after manufacture to release
(A) surprising internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
(B) estimated The word "induced" is closest in meaning to
(C) encouraging which of following?
(D) sudden (A) joined
(B) missed
199. It is lightweight, impermeable to liquids, (C) caused
readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, (D) lost
and often very beautiful.
The word "durable" is closest in meaning to 203. The best-known specimens are the
which of following? remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli,
(A) lasting Tanzania, by Mary Leakey.
(B) delicate The word "remarkable" is closest in meaning
(C) heavy to which of following?
(D) plain (A) extraordinary
(B) enormous
200. In effect, as molten glass cools, it (C) various
progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so (D) orderly
without setting up a network of interlocking
crystals customarily associated with that 204. The pressures exerted along the foot,
process. together with the length of stride, which
The word "customarily" is closest in meaning averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the
to which of following? hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all
(A) naturally the detectable morphological features implied
(B) necessarily that the feet that left the footprints were very
(C) usually little different from those of contemporary
(D) certainly humans.
The word "exerted" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? The word "vary" is closest in meaning to

(A) influenced which of following?
(B) applied (A) differ
(C) returned (B) endure
(D) lessened (C) balance
(D) contribute
205. The study of fossil footprints is not
restricted to examples from such remote 209. Unimprovised, completely structured jazz
periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for does exist, but the ability of the best jazz
example, in French caves dating from the end musicians to create music of great cohesion
of the last ice age, approximately 10, 000 years and beauty during a performance has been a
ago. hallmark of the music and its major source of
The word "restricted" is closest in meaning to inspiration and change.
which of following? The word "cohesion" is closest in meaning to
(A) limited which of following?
(B) improved (A) sorrow
(C) continued (B) fame
(D) succeeded (C) unity
(D) vibration
206. The livelihood of each species in the vast
and intricate assemblage of living things 210. The second distinguishing characteristic of
depends on the existence of other organisms. jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially
The word "intricate" is closest in meaning to called "hot" and later "swing."
which of following? The word "initially" is closest in meaning to
(A) difficult which of following?
(B) widespread (A) at first
(C) critical (B) shortly
(D) complex (C) alphabetically
(D) in fact
207. A multitude of microorganisms (including
viruses and bacteria) and an army of 211. In playing hot, a musician consciously
invertebrates --- departs from strict meter to create a relaxed
The expression "an army" is closest in sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the
meaning to which of following? underlying rhythms.
(A) an illness The word "consciously" is closest in meaning
(B) an attack to which of following?
(C) a large number (A) carelessly
(D) a distinct type (B) easily
(C) periodically
208. Members of the animal kingdom have (D) purposely
developed a variety of defense mechanisms for
dealing with parasites. Although these 212. Not all jazz is hot, however; many early
mechanisms vary considerably, all major bands played unadorned published
groups of animals are capable of detecting and arrangements of popular songs.
reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. The word "unadorned" is closest in meaning to
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(A) lovely (A) control
(B) plain (B) catastrophe
(C) disorganized (C) avoidance
(D) inexpensive (D) history
213. The tight arrangement enabled the 217. Helium nuclei have also been found to be
Mandans to protect themselves more easily constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the
from the attacks of others who might seek to earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of
obtain some of the food these highly capable radiation; they consist of rapidly moving
farmers stored from one years to the next. particles of numerous different kinds) .
The word "enabled" is closest in meaning to The word "constituents" is closest in meaning
which of following? to which of following?
(A) covered (A) relatives
(B) reminded (B) causes
(C) helped (C) components
(D) isolated (D) targets
214. They had to exercise considerable skill 218. Its relative abundance never seems to
to produce the desired results, for their vary much. In some places, there may be
northern location meant fleeting growing slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but
seasons. the ratio of helium to hydrogen nucleial ways
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning remains about the same.
to which of following? The word "vary" is closest in meaning to
(A) planning which of following?
(B) much (A) mean
(C) physical (B) stretch
(D) new (C) change
(D) include
215. This green corn was boiled, dried, and
shelled, with some of the maize slated for 219. However, the amount of helium that could
immediate consumption and the rest stored have been produced in this manner can be
in animal-skin bags. calculated, and it turns out to be no more
The word "consumption" is closest in meaning than a few percent.
to which of following? The word "calculated" is closest in meaning to
(A) decay which of following?
(B) planting (A) ignored
(C) eating (B) converted
(D) conversion (C) increased
(D) determined
216. With appropriate banking of the extrafood,
the Mandans protected themselves against the 220. By the time the universe was a few
disaster of crop failure and accompanying minutes old, helium production has effectively
hunger. ceased.
The word "disaster" is closest in meaning to The word "ceased" is closest in meaning to
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(A) extended (A) provided
(B) performed (B) spent
(C) taken hold (C) avoided
(D) stopped (D) absorbed
221. Wealthy and socially prominent settlers 225. Growing tightly packed together and
made quilts of the English type, cut from large collectively weaving a dense canopy of
lengths of cloth of the same color and texture branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally
rather than stitched together from smaller dominate a site to the exclusion of almost
pieces. everything else.
The word " prominent" is closest in meaning to The word "dense" is closest in meaning to
(A) isolated (A) dark
(B) concerned (B) tall
(C) generous (C) thick
(D) distinguished (D) broad
222. This term was usually applied to a fabric 226. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only
of wool and linen used in heavy clothing and found it harder to locate companions in play
quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime. but also, thanks to the unending demands
The phrase "applied to" is closest in meaning and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to
to which of following? combine fun with purpose.
(A) sewn onto The phrase "thanks to " is closest in meaning
(B) compared to to which of following?
(C) used for (A) grateful for
(D) written down on (B) help with
(C) because of
223. Rather, they were made of a top layer of (D) machines for
woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric,
consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long 227. The most eagerly anticipated social
wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown events were the rural fairs. Hundreds of men,
with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen women, and children attended from far and
material, either natural or a shade of yellow. near.
The word "coarser" is closest in meaning to The phrase "eagerly anticipated" is closest in
which of following? meaning to which of following?
(A) older (A) well organized
(B) less heavy (B) old-fashioned
(C) more attractive (C) strongly opposed
(D) rougher (D) looked forward to
224. The linsey-woolsey covering was found in 228. Although the phlogiston theory was self-
the colder regions of the country because of the consistent, it was awkward because it required
warmth it afforded. that imaginative, even mysterious, properties
The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to be ascribed to phlogiston.
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The word "properties" is closest in meaning to first used instead of charcoal for refining iron
which of following? ore.
(A) interpretations The word "revolutionized" is closest in
(B) locations meaning to which of following?
(C) characteristics (A) quickly started
(D) virtues (B) gradually opened
(C) dramatically changed
229. Although the phlogiston theory was self- (D) carefully examined
consistent, it was awkward because it required
that imaginative, even mysterious, properties 233. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron
be ascribed to phlogiston. as a building material lay in its strength, its
The phrase "ascribed to" is closest in meaning resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast
to which of following? areas.
(A) analyzed and isolated in The word "appeal" is closest in meaning to
(B) returned to their original condition in which of following?
(C) assumed to be true of (A) adjustment
(E) diagrammed with (B) assignment
(C) attraction
230. In the eighteenth century, Antoine (D) attempt
Lavoisier, on the basis of careful
experimentation was led to propose a different 234. Significantly, the use of exposed iron
theory of burning, one that required a occurred mainly in the new building types
constituent of air-later shown to be oxygen- spawned by the Industrial Revolution: in
for combustion. factories, warehouses, commercial offices,
The word "constituent" is closest in meaning to exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its
which of following? practical advantages far outweighed its lack of
(A) component status.
(B) opposite The word "spawned" is closest in meaning to
(C) principle which of following?
(D) temperature (A) created
(B) maintained
231. Since the weight of the oxygen is always (C) rejected
added, the weight of the products of (D) exposed
combustion, including the evolved gases, would
always be greater than the weight of the 235. Designers of the railroad stations of the
starting material. new age explored the potential of iron, covering
The word "Since" is closest in meaning to huge areas with spans that surpassed the
which of following? great vaults of medieval hurches and cathedrals.
(A) later
(B) because The word "surpassed" is closest in meaning to
(C) during which of following?
(D) although (A) imitated
(B) exceeded
232. Iron production was revolutionized in (C) approached
the early eighteenth century when coke was (D) included
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236. Their composition is thought to be similar 240. These experiments were designed to
to that of Earth's iron core, and indeed they detect consciousness ---
might have once made up the core of a large The word "detect" is closest in meaning to
planetoid that disintegrated long ago. which of following?
The word "core" is closest in meaning to which (A) imitate the behavior of
of following? (B) provide a reason for
(A) center (C) discover the presence of
(B) surface (D) report a need for
(C) mineral
(D) field 241. The scientific investigation of an
experience as private as consciousness is
237. When meteorites fall on the continent, frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the
they are embedded in the moving ice sheets. experimental psychologist. This may be one
At places where the glaciers move upward reason that many researchers have shied
against mountain ranges, meteorites are left away from the notion of mind and
exposed on the surface. consciousness in nonhuman animals.
The word "embedded" is closest in meaning to The phrase "shied away from" is closest in
(A) isolated (A) approached
(B) encased (B) avoided
(C) enhanced (C) respected
(D) enlarged (D) allowed
238. The pale, smooth desert plain provides a 242. Gallup' report of the experiment,
perfect backdrop for spotting meteorites, published in a 1970 article, was a milestone in
which are usually dark brown of black. our understanding of animal minds, and
The word "spotting" is closest in meaning to psychologists wondered how widespread self-
which of following? recognition would prove to be.
(A) removing The word "milestone" is closest in meaning to
(B) identifying which of following?
(C) cooling (A) significant development
(D) falling (B) initial step
(C) universal concept
239. A pioneering set of experiments has been (D) obstruction to progress
important in the revolution in our
understanding of animal behavior-a revolution 243. Biological diversity has become widely
that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only recognized as a critical conservation issue
humans have minds. only in the past two decades.
The word "dogma" is closest in meaning to The word "critical" is closest in meaning to
(A) evaluation (A) negative
(B) proof (B) essential
(C) intention (C) interesting
(D) belief (D) complicated
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(B) simple
244. The high rate of species extinctions in (C) projecting
these environments is jolting
jolting, but it is (D) important
important to recognize the significance of
biological diversity in all ecosystems. 248. Locks and escutcheon plates-the latter to
The word "jolting" is closest in meaning to shield the wood from the metal key-would
which of following? often be imported.
(A) predicted The word "shield" in line 23 closest in meaning
(B) shocking to
(C) unknown (A) decorate
(D) illuminating (B) copy
(C) shape
245. However, nothing has ever equaled the (D) protect
magnitude and speed with which the human
species is altering the physical and chemical 249. The establishment of these posts opened
world and demolishing the environment. new roads and provided for the protection of
The word "magnitude" is closest in meaning to daring adventurers and expeditions as well as
which of following? established settlers.
(A) concern The word "daring" is closest in meaning to
(B) determination which of following?
(C) carelessness (A) lost
(E) extent (B) bold
(C) lively
246. The conservatism of the early English (D) foolish
colonists in North American, their strong
attachment to the English way of doing 250. Throughout the wilderness, post bands
things, would play a major part in the furniture provided entertainment and boosted morale.
that was made in New England. The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to
The phrase "attachment to " is closest in which of following?
meaning to which of following? (A) influenced
(A) control of (B) established
(B) distance from (C) raised
(C) curiosity about (D) maintained
(D) preference for
247. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut 251. It slowed construction of forts and
into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the inhibited their military function.
tongue of protruding element shaped from The word "inhibited" is closest in meaning to
another piece of wood so that it fits into the which of following?
mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (A) involved
(with the auger) through the mortised end and (B) exploited
the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the (C) united
joint-thus the term "joiner.鈥?br /> The word (D) hindered
"protruding" is closest in meaning to which of
following? 252. Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone
(A) parallel knows that it is usually not exactly like its
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modern counterpart
counterpart, the most obvious
difference being that it is often much heavier. 256. Those who could afford them were quite
The word "counterpart' is closest in meaning content to reunion in the more sumptuous
sumptuous,
to which of following? single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to
(A) species young married couples and bachelors.
(B) version The word "sumptuous" is closest in meaning to
(C) change which of following?
(D) material (A) luxurious
(B) unique
253. But it is a wrong interpretation; fossils are (C) modern
frequently so dense because the pores and (D) distant
other spaces in the bone have become filled
with minerals taken up from the surrounding 257. The lot could also accommodate a
sediments. rectangular tenement, though it could not
The word "pores" is closest in meaning to yield the square, well-lighted, and logically
which of following? arranged rooms that great apartment buildings
(A) joints require.
(B) tissues The word "yield" is closest in meaning to
(C) lines which of following?
(D) holes (A) harvest
(B) surrender
254. Although nothing remains of the original (C) amount
collagen, some of its component amino acids (D) provide
are usually still detectable
detectable, together with
amino acids of the noncollagen proteins of 258. A snowfall consists of myriads of minute
bone. ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of
The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to frozen precipitation.
which of following? The word "minute" is closest in meaning to
(A) sizable which of following?
(B) active (A) tiny
(C) moist (B) quick
(D) apparent (C) clear
(D) sharp
255. In spite of Hunt's inviting facade, the
living space was awkwardly arranged. Those 259. The process can be very rapid, quickly
who could afford them were quite content to creating sizable ice crystals, some of which
reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice
homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young crystals or a snowflake.
married couples and bachelors. The word "adhere" is closest in meaning to
The word "inviting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) belong
(A) open (B) relate
(B) encouraging (C) stick
(C) attractive (D) speed
(D) asking
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260. In addition, mountainous sections or

rising terrain can initiate snowfalls by the 264. Among the species of seabirds that use the
geographical lifting of a moist airstream. windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada
The word "initiate" is closest in meaning to in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their
which of following? young are common murres, Atlantic puffins,
(A) enhance black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.
(B) alter The word "rear" is closest in meaning to which
(C) increase of following?
(D) begin (A) visit
(B) watch
261. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates (C) reverse
many chemical compounds and is constantly (D) raise
modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated
from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, 265. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the
some of which are transported by wind over the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot
continents. scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and
The word "modifying" is closest in meaning to other species of gulls, which have difficulty in
which of following? landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.
(A) changing The word "scale" is closest in meaning to
(B) traveling which of following?
(C) describing (A) climb
(D) destroying (B) avoid
(C) approach
262. This last figure shows the importance of (D) measure
the ocean as the principal reservoir of the
hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water 266. This immunity has been followed by a
transport on the continents. relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do
The word "rapidity" is closest in meaning to not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do
which of following? ground-nesting gulls.
(A) significance The word "immunity" is closest in meaning to
(B) method which of following?
(C) swiftness (A) distance
(D) reliability (B) transition
(C) protection
263. The erosion of the continents thus results (D) reminder
from two closely linked and interdependent
processes, chemical erosion and mechanical 267. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the
erosion. Their respective interactions and nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as
efficiency depend on different factors. well as their tendency to leave the nest littered
The word "efficiency" is closest in meaning to with eggshells, makes its location very
which of following? conspicuous
conspicuous.
(A) relationship The word "conspicuous" is closest in meaning
(B) growth to which of following?
(C) influence (A) disordered
(D) effectiveness (B) suspicious
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(C) noticeable (D) modified

(D) appealing
272. Proponents of these reforms argued that
268. On the other hand
hand, nesting on a narrow public ownership and regulation would insure
ledge has its own peculiar problems, and widespread access to these utilities and
kittiwake behavior has become adapted to guarantee a fair price.
overcome them. The word "Proponents" is closest in meaning
The phrase "On the other hand " is closest in to which of following?
meaning to which of following? (A) Experts
(A) therefore (B) Pioneers
(B) however (C) Reviewers
(C) for example (D) Supporters
(D) by no means
273. By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had
269. Throughout the nineteenth century and developed in western Europe up to this time
into the twentieth, citizens of the United States had been introduced into the American
maintained a bias against big cities. colonies through books and prints, European
The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists
of following? who brought back copies of old master
(A) diagonal paintings and acquaintance with European art
(B) slope institutions. By the outbreak of the
(C) distortion Revolution against British rule in 1776, the
(D) prejudice status of the artist had already undergone
change.
270. These new urbanites, already convinced The word "outbreak" is closest in meaning to
that cities were overwhelmed with great which of following?
problems, eagerly embraced the progressive (A) cause
reforms that promised to bring order out of the (B) beginning
chaos of the city. (C) position
The word "embraced" is closest in meaning to (D) explanation
which of following?
(A) suggested The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to
(B) overestimated which of following?
(C) demanded (A) led to
(D) welcomed (B) transformed
(C) preferred
271. Reformers feared that the privately owned (D) experienced
utility companies would charge exorbitant
rates for these essential services and deliver 274. Some colonial urban portraitist, such as
them only to people who could afford them. John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and
The word "exorbitant" is closest in meaning to Charles Willson Peale, consorted with
which of following? affluent patrons.
(A) additional The word "consorted" is closest in meaning to
(B) expensive which of following?
(C) various (A) made decisions
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(B) studied mammoth physical plant of tracks signals,

(C) agreed crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus
(D) associated telegraph and telephone lines the railroad
nurtured factory complexes, coat piles,
275. Although subject to fluctuations in their warehouses, and generating stations, forming
economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient along its right-of-way what has aptly been
patronage to allow them to maintain an image called "the metropolitan corridor" of the
of themselves as professional artists, an image American landscape.
indicated by their custom of signing their The word "Moreover" is closest in meaning to
paintings. which of following?
The word "sufficient" is closest in meaning to (A) consequently
which of following? (B) furthermore
(A) adequate (C) although
(B) temporary (D) because
(C) friendly
(D) expensive The word "aptly" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
276. The railroad simultaneously stripped the (A) appropriately
landscape of the natural resources, made (B) virtually
velocity of transport and economy of scale (C) consistently
necessary parts of industrial production, and (D) incessantly
carried consumer goods to households;it
dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, 279. The Native Americans of northern
drew emigrants away from farms and villages California were highly skilled at basketry, using
to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found
The word "drew" is closest in meaning to around them to fashion articles of all sorts
which of following? and sizes-not only trays, containers, and
(A) obliged cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby
(B) designed carriers, and ceremonial objects.
(C) helped The word "fashion" is closest in meaning to
(D ) attracted which of following?
(A) maintain
277. It standardized time and travel, seeking to (B) organize
annihilate distance and space by allowing (C) trade
movement at any time and in any season or (D) create
type of weather.
The word "annihilate" is closest in meaning to 280. In addition, they made used of four
which of following? distinct variations on the basic twining process,
(A) conquer often employing more than one of them in a
(B) utilize single article.
(C) separate The word "article" is closest in meaning to
(D) mechanize which of following?
(A) decoration
278. Moreover
Moreover, in addition to its being a (B) shape
transportation pathway equipped with a (C) design
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(D) object 285. The most finely grained igneous rock is

volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no
281. Though other materials were sometimes crystals.
used, these four were the staples in their finest The word "finely" is closest in meaning to
basketry. which of following?
The word "staples" is closest in meaning to (A) minutely
which of following? (B) loosely
(A) combinations (C) sensitively
(B) limitations (D) purely
(C) accessories
(D) basic elements 286. It was in the cities that the elements that
can be associated with modern capitalism first
282. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to appeared-the use of money and commercial
produce from fifteen to twenty distinct paper in place of barter, open competition in
patterns that could be combined in a number of place of social deference and hierarchy, with an
different ways. attendant rise in social disorder, and the
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to appearance of factories using coal or water
which of following? power in place of independent craftspeople
(A) systematic working with hand tools.
(B) beautiful The phrase "in place of" is closest in meaning
(C) different to which of following?
(D) compatible (A) connected to
(B) in addition to
283. Periodically, molten material wells out of (C) because of
the Earth's interior to invade the surface (D) instead of
layers or to flow onto the surface itself.
The word "invade" is closest in meaning to The word "attendant" is closest in meaning to
(A) move into (A) avoidable
(B) neutralize (B) accompanying
(C) cover (C) unwelcome
(D) deposit (D) unexpected
284. Granite may be found on the surface of 287. Except for Boston, whose population
the contemporary landscape, but from its stabilized at about 16, 000 in 1760, cities grew
coarse texture we know that it must have by exponential leaps through the eighteenth
formed through slow cooling at a great depth century.
and later been laid bare by erosion. The phrase "exponential leaps" is closest in
The word "contemporary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
meaning to which of following? (A) long wars
(A) vast (B) new laws
(B) natural (C) rapid increases
(C) existing (D) exciting changes
(D) uneven
288. The quality of the hinterland dictated the
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pace of growth of the cities. clear about the distinction between long-range
The word "dictated" is closest in meaning to and immediate goals because long-range goals
which of following? often involve a different decision than short-
(A) spoiled range ones.
(B) reduced The word "succinct" is closest in meaning to
(C) determined which of following?
(D) divided (A) creative
(B) satisfactory
289. The land surrounding Boston had always (C) personal
been poor farm country, and by the mid- (D) concise
eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of
its timber. The available farmland was 293. Focusing on long-range goals, a
occupied; there was little in the region beyond graduating student might revise the question
the city to attract immigrants. above to "What will I do after graduation that
The word "virtually" is closest in meaning to will lead to a successful career?"
which of following? The word "revise" is closest in meaning to
(A) usually which of following?
(B) hardly (A) ask
(C) very quickly (B) explain
(D) almost completely (C) change
(D) predict
290. Although there are several variations on
the exact format that worksheet can take, they 294. The ecosystems of the Earth provide an
are all similar in their essential aspects. array of free public services that are essential
The word "essential" is closest in meaning to for the support of civilizations.
which of following? The word "array" is closest in meaning to
(A) introductory which of following?
(B) changeable (A) large number
(C) beneficial (B) excess
(D) fundamental (C) requirement
(D) model
291. Next, the pertinent considerations that
will be affected by each decision are listed, and 295. They do know, however, that the theory
the relative importance of each consideration once advanced in the nineteenth century ---
or consequence is determined. that the productivity of the land can be
The word "pertinent" is closest in meaning to infinitely increased by the application of capital,
which of following? labor, and science --- is wrong.
(A) relevant The word "advanced" is closest in meaning to
(B) preceding which of following?
(C) insightful (A) debated
(D) responsive (B) ignored
(C) proved
292. A decision-making worksheet begins with (D) proposed
a succinct statement of the problem that will
also help to narrow it. It is important to be 296. Two reasons are usually advanced to
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account for this tardy development, namely, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its
the mental difficulties and the physical beautiful rays are a sensational sight during
difficulties encountered in such work. an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a
The word "tardy" is closest in meaning to brilliant fan that has wispy spike like rays near
which of following? the Sun's north and south poles.
(A) historical The word "sensational" is closest in meaning
(B) basic to which of following?
(C) unusual (A) spectacular
(D) late (B) predictable
(C) bizarre
297. The first of these, the mental difficulties, (D) constant
must be somewhat discounted. The
impression that the ancient numeral systems 301. She also photographs away from her
are not amenable to even the simplest studio at various architectural sites, bringing
calculations is largely based on lack of camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants
familiarity with these systems. to transform the site into her own abstract
The word "discounted" is closest in meaning to image.
which of following? The word "transform" is closest in meaning to
(A) reduced which of following?
(B) contradicted (A) move
(C) disregarded (B) extend
(D) interpreted (C) change
(D) interpret
298. Without a plentiful and convenient supply
of some suitable writing medium, any very 302. At first she works only with objects,
extended development of the arithmetic concentrating on their composition ; then
process was bound to be hampered. she lights them and adds color from lights
The word "hampered" is closest in meaning to covered with colored filters.
which of following? The word "composition" is closest in meaning
(A) impeded to which of following?
(B) concluded (A) arrangement
(C) unnoticed (B) brightness
(D) rejected (C) quality
(D) size
299. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so
great against the gases that, despite the high 303. She visits each location several times to
temperature, there may be a small solid core. make sketches and test shots
shots. Until she brings
The word "great" is closest in meaning to in the lights, however, she cannot predict
which of following? exactly what they will do to the image, so there
(A) dangerous is some improvising on the spot.
(B) unknown The word "shots" is closest in meaning to
(C) variable which of following?
(D) strong (A) injections
(B) photographs
300. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, (C) loud noises
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(D) effective remarks 308. Soon afterward, however, work began on

the more modest Deep Sea Drilling Project,
304. With its radiant color and plantlike shape
shape, which is not aimed at reaching the mantle but
the sea anemone looks more like a flower than at exploring the crust itself.
an animal. The expression "more modest " is closest in
The word "shape" is closest in meaning to meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) more sophisticated
(A) length (B) more timid
(B) grace (C) less ambitious
(C) form (D) less controversial
(D) nature
309. This venture uses a special ship, the
305. The upper end of the sea anemone has a Glomar Challenger, which can be held
mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal precisely in position in the sea --- without any
uses to capture its food. anchor --- by sound-wave guiding systems and
The word "capture" is closest in meaning to computer-controlled propellers.
which of following? The word " precisely" is closest in meaning to
(A) catch which of following?
(B) control (A) exactly
(C) cover (B) clearly
(D) clean (C) economically
(D) practically
306. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts
its tentacles and shortens its body so that it 310. Throughout the colonial period there was
resembles a lump on a rock. a marked shortage of women, which varied
The word "retracts" is closest in meaning to with the regions and was always greatest in the
which of following? frontier areas.
(A) pulls back The word "marked" is closest in meaning to
(B) relaxes which of following?
(C) reproduces (A) underlined
(D) lifts up (B) graded
(C) prolonged
307. The first such attempt, the ambitious (D) distinct
Project Mohole, got under way during the
1960's and proved the value of deep-sea drilling 311. Puritan town councils expected widows
by making several test holes in the mantle and unattached women to be self-
beneath the crust before spiraling costs led to supporting and for a long time provided needy
its cancellation. spinsters with parcels of land.
The word "spiraling" is closest in meaning to The phrase "unattached women" is closest in
(A) rising (A) women without high social status
(B) necessary (B) women without property
(C) unpredictable (C) unmarried women
(D) circular (D) unemployed women

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312. The artisan who makes pottery in North radiation.

America today utilizes his or her skill and The word "eerily" is closest in meaning to
imagination to create items that are beautiful which of following?
as well as functional
functional, transforming something (A) strangely
ordinary into something special and unique. (B) increasingly
The word "functional" is closest in meaning to (C) slightly
which of following? (D) superficially
(A) useful
(B) strong 317. They are, in fact, remarkably discerning in
(C) inexpensive color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal
(D) original human vision is rarely surpassed even by
sophisticated technical devices.
313. The potter uses one of the Earth's most The word "surpassed" is closest in meaning to
basic materials: clay. Clay can be found almost which of following?
anywhere. (A) recorded
The word "basic" is closest in meaning to (B) exceeded
which of following? (C) found
(A) familiar (D) provided
(B) fundamental
318. Once, just before he died, when he was
(D) dirty sick with the flu, I took him a sack full of
oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift
314. They then pour on the liquid glaze and let is undiminished by time. He said he liked
it run over the clay surface, making any kind of oranges, too. "
decorative pattern that they want. The word "undiminished" is closest in meaning
The word "pattern" is closest in meaning to to which of following?
which of following? (A) not exaggerated
(A) model (B) not lessened
(B) color
(C) puzzle (D) unequaled
(D) design
319. And he was kind to me; I will always be
315. Horses live in a monochrome world. grateful that in his absolute warmth and
Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies generosity he fulfilled my deepest dream (and
only a very narrow band in the whole need) of what a poet should be. "
electromagnetic spectrum. The word "dream" is closest in meaning to
The word "monochrome" is closest in meaning which of following?
to which of following? (A) nightmare
(A) monotonous (B) expectation
(B) ultraviolet (C) sleep
(C) one-dimension (D) misconception
(D) one-color
320. "After my first meeting with Langston
316. The world would look eerily different if Hughes I vowed I would write a book about
human eyes were sensitive to infra-red him for children someday.
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The word "vowed" is closest in meaning to (C) enjoy

which of following? (D) improve
(A) confided
(B) b<elieved 325. There were two widely divergent
(C) denied influences on the early development of
(D) promised statistical methods
The word "divergent" is closest in meaning to
321. A third process by which salinity may be which of following?
altered is associated with the formation and (A) different
melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the (B) distributed
dissolved materials are left behind. (C) recorded
The word "altered" is closest in meaning to (D) prominent
which of following?
(A) determined 326. Descriptive statistics is a tool for
(B) changed describing or summarizing or reducing to
(C) accumulated comprehensible form the properties of an
(D) needed otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
The word "unwieldy" is closest in meaning to
322. With encouragement from the park, local which of following?
landowners initiated a land-use planning (A) unmanageable
effort to guide the future of the North Fork. (B) unpredictable
The word "initiated" is closest in meaning to (C) understandable
which of following? (D) unreliable
(A) started
(B) requested 327. From then on, humans would increasingly
(C) purchased take their living from the controlled
(D) considered production of a few plants, rather than getting
a little here and a little there from many
323. The willingness of local landowners to varieties that grew wild-and the accumulated
participate in this protection effort may have knowledge of lens of thousands of years of
been stimulated by concerns that Congress experience and intimacy with plants in the wild
would impose a legislative solution. would begin to fade away.
The word "stimulated" is closest in meaning to The word "controlled" is closest in meaning to
(A) motivated (A) abundant
(B) anticipated (B) managed
(C) substituted (C) required
(D) undermined (D) advanced
324. Nevertheless, many local residents want to 328. This century, the work of cognitive
retain the existing the character of the area. psychologists has illuminated the subtle
The word "retain" is closest in meaning to forms of daily learning on which intellectual
which of following? progress depends.
(A) preserve The word "illuminated" is closest in meaning
(B) possess to which of following?
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(A) illustrated The word "random" is closest in meaning to

(B) accepted which of following?
(C) clarified (A) unpredictable
(D) lighted (B) perplexing
(C) independent
329. They have also suggested that the very (D) abnormal
concept of abstract numbers-the idea of a
oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to 333. During the 1920's she was editor of The
any class of objects and is a prerequisite for Dial, an important literary magazine of the
doing anything more mathematically period
period.
demanding than setting a table-is itself far The word "period" is closest in meaning to
from innate. which of following?
The word "prerequisite" is closest in meaning (A) movement
to which of following? (B) school
(A) reason (C) region
(B) theory (D) time
(C) requirement
(D) technique succeeding generations of poets and readers.
The word "succeeding" is closest in meaning to
330. The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are which of following?
exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them (A) inheriting
is minute
minute. Air currents move and lift droplets (B) prospering
so that the net downward displacement is zero, (C) diverse
even though the droplets are in constant (D) later
motion.
The word "minute" is closest in meaning to 334. The Southwest has always been a dry
which of following? country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and
(A) second Zuni brought water from streams to their fields
(B) tiny and gardens through irrigation ditches.
(C) slow The word "scarce" is closest in meaning to
(D) steady which of following?
(A) limited
331. Air currents move and lift droplets so that (B) hidden
the net downward displacement is zero, even (C) pure
though the droplets are in constant motion
motion. (D) necessary
The word "motion" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 335. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the
(A) wind growing crystals exert pressure on the rock
(B) change and eventually pry the rock apart along planes
(C) movement of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic
(D) humidity rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or
preexisting or incipient fractions, and along
332. To the casual observer, dust seems to act boundaries between individual mineral crystals
in a totally random fashion, moving about or grains.
chaotically without fixed direction. The word "exert" is closest in meaning to
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which of following? (C) inexpensive

(A) put (D) undeveloped
(B) reduce
(C) replace 339. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried
(D) control out by sailing ships that served the bays and
harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation
336. A rock durable enough to have withstood was on the threshold of a new era of road
natural conditions for a very long time in other development.
areas could probably be shattered into small The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5
pieces by salt weathering within a few is closest in meaning to which of following?
generations. (A) in need of
The word "durable" is closest in meaning to (B) in place of
which of following? (C) at the start of
(A) large (D) with the purpose of
(B) strong
(C) flexible 340. The company built a gravel road within
(D) pressured two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike
encouraged imitation
imitation. Northern states
The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to generally relied on private companies to build
which of following? their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a
(A) arranged network at public expense.
(B) dissolved The word "imitation" is closest in meaning to
(C) broken apart which of following?
(D) gathered together (A) investment
(B) suggestion
337. The dominant salt in Death Valley is (C) increasing
halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, (D) copying
mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause
prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. 341. Its peoples became great traders,
The word "dominant" is closest in meaning to bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts,
which of following? tools, and other goods along extensive trading
(A) most recent networks that stretched up and down eastern
(B) most common North America and as far west as the Rocky
(C) least available Mountains.
(D) least damaging The word "bartering" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
338. Overland transport in the United States (A) producing
was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads (B) exchanging
were few and short, usually extending from (C) transporting
inland communities to the nearest river town (D) loading
or seaport.
The word "primitive" is closest in meaning to 342. Over the next centuries, it was
which of following? supplanted by another culture, the
(A) unsafe Mississippian, named after the river along
(B) unknown which many of its earliest villages were located.
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The word "supplanted" is closest in meaning to itself to subtle modeling and shading through
which of following? the use of fine lines.
(A) conquered The word "distinctive" is closest in meaning to
(B) preceded which of following?
(C) replaced (A) unique
(D) imitated (B) accurate
(C) irregular
343. Most of these towns boasted at least one (D) similar
major flat-topped mound on which stood a
temple that contained a sacred flame. Only 347. Both methods can yield several hundred
priests and those charged with guarding the good-quality prints before the original block or
flame could enter the temples. plate begins to show signs of wear.
The phrase "charged with" is closest in The word "yield" is closest in meaning to
(A) passed on (A) imitate
(B) experienced at (B) produce
(C) interested in (C) revise
(D) assigned to (D) contrast
344. Printmaking is the generic term for a 348. But not all animal parents, even those that
number of processes, of which woodcut and tend their offspring to the point of hatching or
engraving are two prime examples. birth, feed their young.
The word "prime" is closest in meaning to The word "tend" is closest in meaning to which
which of following? of following?
(A) principal (A) sit on
(B) complex (B) move
(C) general (C) notice
(D) recent (D) care for
345. Engraving, which grew out of the 349. Few insects feed their young after
goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and hatching, but some make other arrangement,
northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth provisioning their cells and nests with
century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian caterpillars and spiders that they have
intagliare, "to carve") . The image is incised paralyzed with their venom and stored in a
into a highly polished metal plate, usually state of suspended animation so that their
copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. larvae might have a supply of fresh food when
The word "incised" is closest in meaning to they hatch.
which of following? The word "provisioning" is closest in meaning
(A) burned to which of following?
(B) cut (A) supplying
(C) framed (B) preparing
(D) baked (C) building
(D) expanding
346. Both woodcut and engraving have
distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends 350. For animals other than mammals, then,
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feeding is not intrinsic to parental care.

Animals add it to their reproductive strategies 354. At any rate
rate, plant growth greatly
to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for enriched our atmosphere with oxygen. The
descendants. reason for this enrichment is that plants, in the
The word "edge" is closest in meaning to which presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide
of following? and water to produce oxygen.
(A) opportunity The word "At any rate" is closest in meaning
(B) advantage to which of following?
(C) purpose (A) regardless
(D) rest (B) in addition
(C) although unlikely
351. Young that are fed by their parents become (D) fortunately
nutritionally independent at a much greater
fraction of their full adult size. And in the 355. Over 25,000 islands are scattered across
meantime those young are shielded against the surface of the Pacific, more than in all the
the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find other oceans combined, but their land area
supplies. adds up to little more than 125,000 square
The word "shielded" is closest in meaning to kilometers, about the size of New York State,
which of following? and their inhabitants total less than two million
(A) raised people, about a quarter of the number that live
(B) protected in New York City.
(C) hatched The word "scattered" is closest in meaning to
(D) valued which of following?
(A) widely known
352. A second, more dense atmosphere, (B) usually estimated
however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses (C) rarely inhabited
from molten rocks within its hot interior (D) irregularly distributed
escaped through volcanoes and steam vents.
The word "enveloped" is closest in meaning to 356. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of
which of following? their small size and particular characteristics,
(A) surrounded but even the most favored are very isolated
(B) changed fragments of land, strictly circumscribed by
(C) escaped the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the
(D) characterized numbers of people they can support.
The phrase "by virtue of" is closest in meaning
353. With much of the water vapor already to which of following?
condensed into water and the concentration of (A) regarding
carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere (B) because of
gradually became rich nitrogen. (C) taking advantage of
The word "gradually" is closest in meaning to (D) in place of
which of following?
(A) accidentally The word "circumscribed" is closest in
(B) quickly meaning to which of following?
(C) in the end (A) located
(D) by degrees (B) flooded
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(C) restricted (A) structure

(D) pushed (<B
(C) condition
357. Simply surviving those ocean crossings of (D) environment
indeterminate length, in open canoes, to
arrive on the shores of uninhabited and 361. When water is scarce (as is often the case
hitherto unknown islands, was a formidable on a mountain) , lichens may become dormant
achievement. and remain in that condition for prolonged
The word "indeterminate" is closest in periods of time.
meaning to which of following? The word "prolonged" is closest in meaning to
(A) undecided which of following?
(B) uncertain (A) precise
(C) unacceptable (B) extended
(D) increasing (C) approximate
(D) regular
358. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars'
efforts for several decades until the early 362. For decades, scientists wondered how the
nineteenth century when several key offspring of an alga and a fungus got together
hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the to form a new lichen; it seemed unlikely that
Greek inscriptions. they would just happen to encounter one
The word "thwarted" is closest in meaning to another.
which of following? The word "encounter" is closest in meaning to
(A) continued which of following?
(B) influenced (A) lose
(C) encouraged (B) support
(D) frustrated (C) meet
(D) create
359. Lichens, probably the hardiest of all
plants, live where virtually nothing else can--- 363. Newbery notwithstanding
notwithstanding, Americans
not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on still looked on children's books as vehicles for
sunbaked desert rocks. instruction, not amusement, though they would
The word "hardest" is closest in meaning to accept a moderate amount of fictional
which of following? entertainment for the sake of more successful
(A) most unusual instruction.
(B) most basic The word "notwithstanding" is closest in
(C) most abundant meaning to which of following?
(D) most vigorous (A) in spite of
(B) in addition to
360. Unlike other members of the plant (C) as a result of
kingdom, lichens are actually a partnership (D) as a part of
between two plants. The framework of a
lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike 364. As the children's book market expanded,
fungus that anchors the plant. then, what both public and publishers wanted
The word "framework" is closest in meaning was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote:
to which of following? stories interesting enough to attract children
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and morally instructive enough to allay adult which of following?

distrust of fiction. (A) mix
The word "allay" is closest in meaning to (B) change
which of following? (C) adapt
(A) clarify (D) reduce
(B) attack
(C) reduce 369. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the
(D) confirm Sun's incoming energy is used to evaporate
water, primarily in the tropical oceans.
365. The characters of children in this fiction The word "primarily" in the line 19 is closest in
were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and meaning to which of following?
independent --- strong>testimony to the (A) chiefly
continuing influence of the earlier American (B) originally
moralistic tradition in children's books. (C) basically
The word" testimony to" is closest in meaning (D) clearly
(A) inspiration for 370. Other species may become better adapted
(B) evidence of to an environment, resulting in competition
(C) requirement for and, ultimately
ultimately, in the death of a species.
(D) development of The word "ultimately" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
366. The Moon, which has undergone a (A) exceptionally
distinct and complex geological history (B) dramatically
presents a striking appearance. (C) eventually
The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to (D) unfortunately
which of following?
(A) altered 371. One of the best-known examples of mass
(B) substituted extinction occurred 65 million years ago with
(C) experienced the demise of dinosaurs and many other
(D) preserved forms of life.
The word "demise" is closest in meaning to
367. It is now known that the vast majority of which of following?
the Moon's craters were formed by the impact (A) change
of solid bodies with the lunar surface. (B) recovery
The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which (C) help
of following? (D) death
(A) special
(B) Known 372. One interesting, and controversial,
(C) varied finding is that extinctions during the past 250
(D) great million years have tended to be more intense
every 26 million years.
368. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy The word "finding" is closest in meaning to
that has to be used to convert liquid water to which of following?
water vapor. (A) published information
The word "convert" is closest in meaning to (B) research method
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(C) ongoing experiment (A) adapt

(D) scientific discovery (B) train
(C) restrict
373. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym (D) organize
for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant
insignificant,
what is beautiful about such a place? 377. Some sixth-and fifth-century B. C.
The word "insignificant" is closest in meaning Athenian pottery establishments are known to
to which of following? have concentrated on a limited range of fine
(A) unimportant ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the
(B) undisturbed island of Thasos produced many types of
(C) immature pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to
(D) inappropriate meet local demand.
The word "presumably" is closest in meaning
374. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to to which of following?
locate their workshops near their source of clay, (A) frequently
regardless of its relation to the center of (B) practically
settlement. (C) preferably
The phrase "regardless of" is closest in (D) probably
(A) as a result of 378. The expense of moving a family to the
(B) no matter what ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of
(C) proud of many, and the cost of tools draft animals, a
(D) according to wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the
simplest house, might come to$1,000---a
375. The techniques of pottery manufacture formidable barrier.
had evolved well before the Greek period, but The word "formidable" is closest in meaning to
marked stylistic developments occurred in which of following?
shape and in decoration, for example, in the (A) obvious
interplay of black and other glazes with the red (B) predictable
surface of the fired pot. (C) difficult
The word "marked" is closest in meaning to (D) manageable
which of following?
(A) original 379. Homesteaders usually came from districts
(B) attractive not far removed from frontier conditions. And
(C) noticeable despite the intent of the law, speculators often
(D) patterned managed to obtain large tracts.
The word "intent" is closest in meaning to
376. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such which of following?
that workers in clay could generally afford to (A) purpose
confine themselves to either decorated ware (B) power
and house wares like cooking pots and storage (C) effect
jars or building materials like roof tiles and (D) invention
drainpipes.
The word "confine" is closest in meaning to 380. The smooth operation of an ant colony
which of following? depends on ten to twenty different signals,
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most of which are pheromones(chemical and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily
signals triggering behavioral responses) . accessible
accessible.
The phrase "smooth operation" is closest in The word "accessible" is closest in meaning to
(A) daily activity (A) buried
(B) effective functioning (B) improved
(C) delicate balance (C) available
(D) permanent location (D) workable
381. The simple of these is the carbon dioxide 385. Variations of clay composition and the
from the respiration of an ant cluster
cluster, a temperatures at which they are fired account
chemical that acts pheromone to promote for the differences in texture and appearance
aggregation. between a china teacup and an earthenware
The word "cluster" is closest in meaning to flowerpot.
which of following? The phrase "account for" is closest in meaning
(A) organ to which of following?
(B) activity (A) reduce
(C) group (B) explain
(D) cycle (C) combine with
(D) list all of
382. Fire ants also make use of an alarm
pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, 386. One researcher observed babies and their
and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as mothers in six diverse cultures and found that,
a guide during mass migrations. in all six languages, the mothers used
The word "alert" is closest in meaning to simplified syntax, short utterances and
which of following? nonsense sounds, and transformed certain
(A) allow sounds into baby talk.
(B) transport The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to
(C) warn which of following?
(D) provide (A) surrounding
(B) divided
383. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal (C) different
that identifies her to the colony's workers. They (D) stimulating
respond by scurrying to gather around her.
The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also 387. Other investigators have noted that when
generates a signal, to which workers respond mothers talk to babies who are only a few
by eliminating the corpse from the nest. months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness,
The word "scurrying" is closest in meaning to and intensity of their words.
which of following? The word "noted" is closest in meaning to
(A) agreeing which of following?
(B) appearing (A) theorized
(C) competing (B) requested
(D) rushing (C) disagreed
(D) observed
384. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks,
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388. They also exaggerate their facial (C) described

expressions, hold vowels longer, and (D) evaluated
emphasize certain words.
The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to 392. John Olmsted did the investigation and
which of following? subsequent report on Seattle's parks.
(A) stress The word "subsequent" is closest in meaning to
(B) repeat which of following?
(C) explain (A) complicated
(D) leave out (B) alternate
(C) later
389. When songs have been subjected to (D) detailed
these processes, their origin is usually
impossible to trace. 393. With such unparalleled sums at their
The word "subjected" is closest in meaning to disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow,
which of following? and with the added incentive of wanting to
(A) reduced have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-
(B) modified Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board
(C) exposed bought aggressively.
(D) imitated The word "sums" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
390. This constant reshaping and re-creation is (A) problems
the essence of folk music. Consequently, (B) amounts
modern popular songs and other published (C) services
music, even though widely sung by people who (D) debts
are not professional musicians, are not
considered folk music. 394. Many prehistoric people subsisted as
The word "essence" is closest in meaning to hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly
Undoubtedly, game
which of following? animals, including some very large species,
(A) basic nature provided major components of human diets.
(B) growing importance The word "Undoubtedly" is closest in meaning
(C) full extent to which of following?
(D) first phase (A) occasionally
(B) unexpectedly
391. In 1903 the members of the governing (C) previously
board of the University of Washington, in (D) certainly
Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, The word "components" is closest in meaning
specialists in the design of outdoor to which of following?
environments --- Olmsted Brothers of (A) parts
Brookline, Massachusetts --- to advise them on (B) problems
an appropriate layout for the university (C) changes
grounds. (D) varieties
The word "engaged" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 395. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to
(A) trained Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways.
(B) hired Besides overhunting, at least three other
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kinds of effects have been suggested: direct 399. Thomas Hancock, an English settler,
competition, imbalances between competing wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of
species of game animals, and early agricultural some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter of
practices. the following year grumbled that they were all
The word "Besides" is closest in meaning to dead.
which of following? The word "grumbled" is closest in meaning to
(A) caused by which of following?
(B) whereas (A) denied
(C) in addition to (B) warned
(D) in favor of (C) complained
(D) explained
396. If such hunters first competed with the
larger predators and then replaced them, they 400. No two comets ever look identical
identical, but
may have allowed more young to survive each they have basic features in common, one of the
year, gradually increasing the populations of most obvious of which is a coma.
favored species. The word "identical" is closest in meaning to
The word "favored" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) equally fast
(A) large (B) exactly alike
(B) escaping (C) near each other
(C) preferred (D) invisible
(D) local
401. At the heart of a comer's coma lies a
397. They became an integral part of the nucleus of solid material, typically no more
gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the than 10 kilometers across.
sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part The word "heart" is closest in meaning to
of European life as well. which of following?
The word "integral" is closest in meaning to (A) center
which of following? (B) edge
(A) interesting (C) tail
(B) fundamental (D) beginning
(C) ornamental
(D) overlooked 402. The most graphic proof that the grand
spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively
398. They flourished in Pennsyvania too, small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust
where in 1698 William Penn received a report was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the
of John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," European Giotto probe of the nucleus of
its garden full of tulips. Halley's Comet.
The word "flourished" is closest in meaning to The word "graphic" is closest in meaning to
(A) were discovered (A) mathematical
(B) were marketed (B) popular
(C) combined (C) unusual
(D) thrived (D) vivid

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403. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to the

Sun, first the coma grows, then two distinct 407. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable
tails usually form. to predators because of their gregarious habits
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm
which of following? pheromone when attacked that causes nearby
(A) visible aphids to respond by moving away.
(B) gaseous The word "sedentary" is closest in meaning to
(C) separate which of following?
(D) new (A) inactive
(B) inefficient
404. Pheromones are substances that serve as (C) unchangeable
chemical signals between members of the same (D) unbalanced
species.
The word "serve" is closest in meaning to 408. These innovations in manufacturing
which of following? boosted output and living standards to an
(A) improve unprecedented extent;the average per capita
(B) function wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year-
(C) begin 30 percent over the course of a generation.
(D) rely The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
405. Pheromones are the predominant medium (A) ensured
of communication among insects (but rarely (B) raised
the sole method) . Some species have simple (C) arranged
pheromone systems and produce only a few (D) discouraged
pheromones, but others produce many with
various functions. 409. Since the 1790's, North American
The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which entrepreneurs --- even without technological
of following? improvements --- had broadened the scope of
(A) obvious the outwork system that made manufacturing
(B) best more efficient by distributing materials to a
(C) only succession of workers who each performed a
(D) final single step of the production process.
The word "scope" is closest in meaning to
406. Some species, such as ants, seem to be which of following?
very articulate creatures, but their medium of (A) value
communication is difficult for humans to study (B) popularity
and appreciate because of our own olfactory (C) extent
insensitivity and the technological difficulties (D) diversity
in detecting and analyzing there pheromones.
The word " detecting " is closest in meaning to 410. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware
which of following? inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly
(A) controlling automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by
(B) storing water power.
(C) questioning The word "prolific" is closest in meaning to
(D) finding which of following?
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(A) efficient provided the perfect steady seller because their

(B) productive information pertained to the locale in which
(C) self-employed they would be used.
(D) progressive The word "locale" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
411. This new technology enabled them to build (A) topic
factories in the Nation's largest cities, taking (B) season
advantage of urban concentrations of (C) interest
inexpensive labor, Good transportation (D) place
networks, and eager customers.
The word "eager" is closest in meaning to 415. What unusual or unique biological train
which of following? led to the remarkable diversification and
(A) wealthy unchallenged success of the ants for over 50
(B) knowledgeable million years?
(C) regular The word "unique" is closest in meaning to
(D) enthusiastic which of following?
(A) inherited
412. Small, both in format and number of pages, (B) habitual
they were generally bound simply, in board(a (C) singular
form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper (D) natural
wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day
paperbacks) . 416. The answer appears to be that they were
The word "antecedent" is closest in meaning to the first group of predatory ensocial insects
which of following? that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil
(A) predecessor and in rotting vegetation on the ground.
(B) format The word "rotting" is closest in meaning to
(C) imitation which of following?
(D) compontent (A) decaying
(B) collected
413. By far, the most appealing publishing (C) expanding
investments were to be found in small books (D) cultivated
that had proven to be steady sellers, providing
a reasonably reliable source of income for the 417. Richly organized colonies of the kind made
publisher. possible by eusociality enjoy several key
The word "appealing" is closest in meaning to advantages over solitary individuals.
which of following? The word "key" is closest in meaning to which
(A) dependable of following?
(B) respectable (A) uncommon
(C) enduring (B) important
(D) attractive (C) incidental
(D) temporary
414. Almanacs, annual publications that
contained information on astronomy and 418. Composers today use a wider variety of
weather patterns arranged according to the sounds than ever before, including many that
days, week, and months of a given year, were once considered undesirable noises.
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The word "wider" is closest in meaning to had prevailed immediately following the Civil
which of following? War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism.
(A) more impressive
(B) more distinctive The word "prevailed" is closest in meaning to
(C) more controversial which of following?
(D) more extensive (A) dominated
(B) transformed
419. Non-Western music typically divides and (C) entered
interval between two pitches more finely than (D) generalized
Western music does, thereby producing a
greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, 423. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and
within the same interval. Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South;
The word "thereby" is closest in meaning to Hamlin garland described life on the Great
which of following? Plains; and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about
(A) in return for everyday life in rural New England.
(B) in spite of The word "depicted" in line11 is closest in
(C) by the way meaning to which of following?
(D) by that means (A) emphasized
(B) described
420. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in (C) criticized
1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of (D) classified
the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic
1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of 424. Theodore Dreiser, the foremost
circumstances contributed to the meteoric naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie,
rise of Los Angeles. grimly portrayed a dark world in which human
The word "meteoric" is closest in meaning to beings were tossed about by forces beyond
which of following? their understanding or control.
(A) rapid The word "foremost" is closest in meaning to
(B) famous which of following?
(C) controversial (A) most difficult
(D) methodical (B) interesting
(C) most focused
421. The downtown business district did not (D) leading
grow apace with the city as a whole, and the
rapid transit system designed to link the center 425. Even in this current era of large scale,
with outlying areas withered away from disuse. intensive research and development, the
The phrase "apace with" is closest in meaning interrelationships involved in this process are
to which of following? frequently misunderstood.
(A) anew with The word "intensive" is closest in meaning to
(B) apart from which of following?.
(C) as fast as (A) decreased
(D) at the middle of (B) concentrated
(C) creative
422. After the 1870's, a number of important (D) advanced
authors began to reject the romanticism that
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426. The widespread and usually uncritical (A) covering

acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the (B) selecting
assumption that application of science to (C) developing
industrial purposes was a linear process, (D) explaining
starting with fundamental science, then
proceeding to applied science or technology, 430. Few predators fail to pursue such
and through them to industrial use. obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say,
The word "assumption" is closest in meaning each short run between "flight attempts" is
to which of following? directed away from the nest.
(A) understanding The word "pursue" is closest in meaning to
(B) public awareness which of following?
(C) scientific knowledge (A) catch
(D) expansion (B) notice
(C) defend
427. The most thoroughly studied cases of (D) chase
deception strategies employed by ground-
nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that 431. Glass fibers were little more than a novelty
typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their until the 1930's, when their thermal and
nests merely scrapes in the earth. electrical insulating properties were
The word "merely" is closest in meaning to appreciated and methods for producing
which of following? continuous filaments were developed.
(A) often The word "appreciated" is closest in meaning
(B) only to which of following?
(C) usually (A) experienced
(D) at first (B) recognized
(C) explored
428. One technique involves first moving (D) increased
quietly toward an approaching animal and then
setting off noisily through the grass or brush in 432. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic,
a low, crouching run away from the nest, while mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little
emitting rodentlike squeaks. evidence in this regard. However, the rocks
The word "emitting" is closest in meaning to themselves do include the earliest evidence for
which of following? glaciation, probably a global ice age.
(A) bringing The word "scarce" is closest in meaning to
(B) attracting which of following?
(C) producing (A) ancient
(D) minimizing (B) tiny
(C) available
429. The plover's most famous stratagem is the (D) rare
broken --- wing display, actually a continuum
of injury --- mimicking behaviors spanning 433. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada
the range from slight disability to near - near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of
complete helplessness. the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of
The word "spanning" is closest in meaning to fine-grained sediments that resemble varves,
which of following? the annual layers of sediment deposited in
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glacial lakes. in psychological structures that lead to a deep

The word "resemble" is closest in meaning to affectional tie between parent and baby.
which of following? The phrase "affectional tie" is closest in
(A) result from meaning to which of following?
(B) penetrate (A) cognitive development
(C) look like (B) emotional attachment
(D) replace (C) psychological need
(D) behavioral change
434. Watching the behaviors diverse animal
species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and 438. Locke strongly suggested that individuals,
Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that while accepting their Americanism, take pride
promote survival. in their African ancestral arts and urged
The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to artists to look to Africa for substance and
which of following? inspiration.
(A) small The word "urged" is closest in meaning to
(B) varied which of following?
(C) wild (A) prepared
(D) particular (B) defined
(C) permitted
435. The most well-known of these is (D) encouraged
imprinting, the early following behavior of
certain baby birds that ensures that the young 439. From this unity created by the
will stay close to their mother and be fed and convergence of artists from various social
protected from danger. and geographical backgrounds came a new
The word "ensures" is closest in meaning to spirit, which, particularly in densely populated
which of following? Harlem, was to result in greater group
(A) guarantees awareness and self-determination.
(B) proves The word "convergence" is closest in meaning
(C) teaches to which of following?
(D) assumes (A) gathering
(B) promotion
436. It refers to a limited time span during (C) expression
which the child is biologically prepared to (D) influence
acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs
the support of suitably stimulating 440. African American graphic artists took
environment. their place beside the poets and writers of the
The word "suitably" is closest in meaning to Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to
which of following? increase and promote the visual arts.
(A) willingly The phrase "carried on" is closest in meaning
(B) moderately to which of following?
(C) appropriately (A) continued
(D) emotionally (B) praised
(C) transformed
437. The development of attachment in human (D) connected
infants is a lengthy process involving changes
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Answer Key
001 A 023 B 045 B 067 A 089 B 111 C 133 D 155 A
002 A 024 D 046 D 068 D 090 C 112 A 134 D 156 D
003 A 025 B 047 A 069 B 091 A 113 C 135 C 157 C
004 D 026 B 048 C 070 A 092 C 114 D 136 B 158 D
005 B 027 A 049 A 071 A 093 D 115 B 137 B 159 D
006 A 028 A 050 C 072 A 094 D 116 C 138 D 160 D
007 C 029 A 051 A 073 A 095 C 117 C 139 B 161 B
008 D 030 D 052 A 074 C 096 C 118 B 140 A 162 A
009 D 031 D 053 A 075 B 097 C 119 A 141 C 163 C
010 B 032 B 054 D 076 C 098 D 120 A D 142 C 164 D
011 B 033 D 055 A 077 A 099 A 121 A 143 B 165 C
012 B 034 C 056 D 078 D 100 B 122 A 144 B 166 C
013 C 035 B 057 B 079 A 101 A 123 B 145 C 167 B
014 A 036 B 058 D 080 B 102 D 124 B 146 D B 168 C
015 C 037 C 059 D A 081 B 103 D 125 A 147 A 169 D
016 A 038 D 060 A 082 C 104 A 126 C 148 D 170 C
017 D 039 B 061 D 083 B 105 C 127 D 149 D 171 A
018 D 040 D C 062 A 084 D 106 D A 128 A 150 C 172 D
019 A 041 C 063 B 085 D 107 A 129 B 151 B 173 B
020 D 042 D 064 A 086 B 108 A 130 C 152 D 174 A
021 C 043 A 065 B 087 C 109 D 131 A 153 A 175 B
022 B 044 D 066 A 088 A 110 B 132 D 154 D 176 A

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177 B 201 C 225 C 249 B 273 B D 297 C 321 B 345 B
178 A B 202 C 226 C 250 C 274 D 298 A 322 A 346 A
179 D 203 A 227 D 251 D 275 A 299 D 323 A 347 B
180 A 204 B 228 C 252 B 276 D 300 A 324 A 348 D
181 C 205 A 229 C 253 D 277 A 301 C 325 A 349 B
182 A 206 D 230 A 254 D 278 B A 302 A 326 A 350 B
183 B 207 C 231 B 255 C 279 D 303 B 327 B 351 B
184 B 208 A 232 C 256 A 280 D 304 C 328 C 352 A
185 A 209 C 233 C 257 D 281 D 305 A 329 C 353 D
186 D 210 A 234 A 258 A 282 C 306 A 330 B 354 A
187 B 211 D 235 B 259 C 283 A 307 A 331 C 355 D
188 D 212 B 236 A 260 D 284 C 308 C 332 A 356 C C
189 A 213 C 237 B 261 A 285 A 309 A 333 D D 357 B
190 D 214 B 238 B 262 C 286 D B 310 D 334 A 358 D
191 B 215 C 239 D 263 D 287 C 311 C 335 A 359 D
192 A 216 B 240 C 264 D 288 C 312 A 336 B C 360 A
193 D 217 C 241 B 265 A 289 D 313 B 337 B 361 B
194 A 218 C 242 A 266 C 290 D 314 D 338 C 362 C
195 C 219 D 243 B 267 C 291 A 315 D 339 C 363 A
196 B 220 D 244 B 268 B 292 D 316 A 340 D 364 C
197 B 221 D 245 E 269 D 293 C 317 B 341 B 365 B
198 A 222 C 246 D 270 D 294 A 318 B 342 C 366 C
199 A 223 D 247 C 271 B 295 D 319 B 343 D 367 D
200 C 224 A 248 D 272 D 296 D 320 D 344 A 368 B

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369 A 378 C 387 D 396 C 405 C 414 D 423 B 432 D
370 C 379 A 388 A 397 B 406 D 415 C 424 D 433 C
371 D 380 B 389 C 398 D 407 A 416 A 425 B 434 B
372 D 381 C 390 A 399 C 408 B 417 B 426 A 435 A
373 A 382 C 391 B 400 B 409 C 418 D 427 B 436 C
374 B 383 D 392 C 401 A 410 B 419 D 428 C 437 B
375 C 384 C 393 B 402 D 411 D 420 A 429 A 438 D
376 C 385 B 394 D 403 C 412 A 421 C 430 D 439 A
377 D 386 C 395 C 404 B 413 D 422 A 431 B 440 A

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social group's members. puddles that would often have been

(C) preserve (B) ruined

029. The new accessibility of land around the of following?

which of following? to take some care in matching their pieces to

which of following? give priority to the planet's dominant, most-

The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to (C) loudly declares

transforming raw weather data into words, (C) analyze

which of following? obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave

five to sixteen. to have created a genre, the "railroad novel,"

(D) craft with having created the painting may have

to which of following? revealed that garbage had been stashed in the

which of following? Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved

which of following? 116. It turns out that some fossils can be

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132. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious (D) defeated

(A) a destruction of few birds awake at any given moment to give

(A) therefore adobe and wood. Anasazi houses were

The word "heralded" is closest in meaning to (B) apparent

(A) doubt 186. Counts could also be maintained by

which of following? The word "vary" is closest in meaning to

which of following? which of following?

which of following? which of following?

260. In addition, mountainous sections or

(C) noticeable (D) modified

(B) studied mammoth physical plant of tracks signals,

(D) object 285. The most finely grained igneous rock is

(D) effective remarks 308. Soon afterward, however, work began on

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312. The artisan who makes pottery in North radiation.

The word "vowed" is closest in meaning to (C) enjoy

(A) illustrated The word "random" is closest in meaning to

which of following? (C) inexpensive

feeding is not intrinsic to parental care.

(C) restricted (A) structure

and morally instructive enough to allay adult which of following?

(C) ongoing experiment (A) adapt

388. They also exaggerate their facial (C) described

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403. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to the

(A) efficient provided the perfect steady seller because their

426. The widespread and usually uncritical (A) covering

glacial lakes. in psychological structures that lead to a deep

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001 A 023 B 045 B 067 A 089 B 111 C 133 D 155 A

002 A 024 D 046 D 068 D 090 C 112 A 134 D 156 D

003 A 025 B 047 A 069 B 091 A 113 C 135 C 157 C

004 D 026 B 048 C 070 A 092 C 114 D 136 B 158 D

005 B 027 A 049 A 071 A 093 D 115 B 137 B 159 D

006 A 028 A 050 C 072 A 094 D 116 C 138 D 160 D

007 C 029 A 051 A 073 A 095 C 117 C 139 B 161 B

008 D 030 D 052 A 074 C 096 C 118 B 140 A 162 A

009 D 031 D 053 A 075 B 097 C 119 A 141 C 163 C

010 B 032 B 054 D 076 C 098 D 120 A D 142 C 164 D

011 B 033 D 055 A 077 A 099 A 121 A 143 B 165 C

012 B 034 C 056 D 078 D 100 B 122 A 144 B 166 C

013 C 035 B 057 B 079 A 101 A 123 B 145 C 167 B

014 A 036 B 058 D 080 B 102 D 124 B 146 D B 168 C

015 C 037 C 059 D A 081 B 103 D 125 A 147 A 169 D

016 A 038 D 060 A 082 C 104 A 126 C 148 D 170 C

017 D 039 B 061 D 083 B 105 C 127 D 149 D 171 A

018 D 040 D C 062 A 084 D 106 D A 128 A 150 C 172 D

019 A 041 C 063 B 085 D 107 A 129 B 151 B 173 B

020 D 042 D 064 A 086 B 108 A 130 C 152 D 174 A

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