1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and

endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles. Heroes are important too; heroes

serve a purpose in our society. They help give people hope, and provide

examples for success. Some heroes are comfortable with sharing the story of

their success with others. Heroes are considered as the most influential to their

society or in their community wherein they put their stand where they know

what is right for nation and their constituent. Taking the risk of their own life for

the better of others. Emulating and respecting is the thing that can be source of

unity and way of showing to the nation of who they are and how important they

are to the community. (Christoper Reev, 2016)

Heroes are being part of the history of the different places and different

time. From different country there are different heroes that can be considered.

Here in the Philippines, there is considered as a national hero or also commonly

known as the father of Philippine Nationalism, Jose P. Rizal. From the 1898 that

marked the Philippines. The martyrdom of Jose Rizal wherein the outbreak of the

revolution heroes has big contributions to our nation. They are the ones who

show bravely in our mother land, by offering their life to make our mother land
 2

free from the conqueror. For the past years up to now, we see the different

outcome of their deeds for our own sake. (Kleya, 2012)

Everyone likes to hear the stories of great heroes. These heroes were

common individuals who jumped into the crisis situations which they show their

characters to become a well-known hero. These characters stand as role models

to everyone and should be emulate to get their own success, not only for them

but for the sake of the entire country. Every success that heroes have their

qualities and those are courage, heroes have the determination to achieve the

goal, regardless of the challenging obstacles. They display confidence under

stress and are courageous enough to take risks when others are looking to hide

themselves. Integrity is the integration of external actions and internal ethics.

Heroes are trusted by their followers because they never change from inner

values, even when it might be difficult. Honesty, heroes are always honest with

everyone around them; they tell the truth and possess little tolerance for telling

people what they want to hear. At the end of the communiqué, they expect

honesty from others, and they don’t penalize people for doing so. Confidence,

developing self-confidence is ingrained in heroic leaders as a key to success. A

leader begins to develop confidence by achieving a small accomplishment. As

heroic leaders progress in their lives, they attract fellowship, use influence tactics

to develop self-confidence, and shape, train, and motivate a team. Caring is

about making the world a better place; they display a sense of concern and
 3

kindness for others. They are community service leaders, who take action

intentionally to improve the lives of others. (Đăng,2015)

This research is a starting to point of a long-term research project which

aims to provide guidelines for motivating energy heroic acts in communities.

Everyday hero has more concrete contents which are mainly present in heroic

roles, ordinary heroism and everyday context modules.

The focused of this research is about emulating the heroes’ qualities

which could affect their level of nationalism because of changes and progress of

the society.

Statement of the Problems

This research aims to investigate the most emulated qualities of local

heroes and level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS students of Camarines Norte

National High School. Specially, this research aims to sought the following:

1. What are the socio-demographic profile of Grade 11 students in terms of:

a) Age

b) Sex

c) Section

2. What are the qualities that most emulated of the Grade 11 HUMSS

students from the heroes of Camarines Norte?

 4

3. What is the level of nationalism do the students have?

4. Is there a relationship between emulating the qualities of local heroes and

level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS students?

Objectives

The objective of the study was to determine the most emulating the

qualities of local heroes and levels of nationalism among Grade 11 HUMSS

students of Camarines Norte National High School. The specific objectives are as

follows:

1. To determine the socio-demographic profile of Grade 11 students in terms

of:

a) Age

b) Sex

c) Section

2. To determine and to find out the Grade 11 HUMSS students’ most

emulated qualities of heroes of Camarines Norte.

3. To know the level of nationalism that Grade 11 HUMSS students have.

4. To determine the significant relationship between emulating the qualities

of local heroes and level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS students.

 5

Significant of the Study

The study will be beneficial on students, teachers, and future researcher.

Future researchers are hoping that the result of this study may provide insights

that will open new horizons for new fields of studies of future researchers.

Teachers may use this to explain to their students on how important of

emulating and having those qualities of heroes to their level of nationalism. High

School Students may help to determine the significant of emulating the qualities

of local heroes to the level of nationalism.

Scope and Limitation

The focus of this research is to determine the most emulated of Grade 11

HUMSS students of Camarines Norte National High School in qualities of heroes

in Camarines Norte. This study is focused on determining the level of nationalism

of the students that gathered of surveyed questionnaire. This research is

conducted at Senior High School Building of Camarines Norte National High

School, Daet, Camarines Norte from June to October 2019.

 6

Notes

(Christoper Reev, 2016) https://danielakeogh.wordpress.com/2014/02/18/a-

hero-is-an-ordinary-individual-who-finds-the-strength-to-persevere-and-

endure-in-spite-of-overwhelming-obstacles/ July 4, 2019

Kleya (2012) The 100 Greatest Heroes: Inspiring Profiles of One Hundred

Men and Women Who Changed the World

https://www.adherents.com/people/100_heroes.html July 4, 2019

(Đăng bởi LHTA, 12 Tháng 8 2015)DO YOU HAVE ANY OF THE 10 TRAITS OF

SUCESSFUL HEROIC LEADERS?https://www.set-edu.com/tin-tuc/chia-

se/2937-do-you-have-any-of-the-10-traits-of-sucessful-heroic-leaders

November 08,2019
 7

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This research presents the related literature and studies on what qualities

of heroes that most emulate of Grade 11 HUMSS students in Camarines Norte.

These materials are gathered primarily from the internet which abounds with

information about this topic.

Related Literature

This related literature came from different articles, magazines,

newspapers, and video presentations that are locally and internationally

produced and published which are relevant and related to the issue being

discussed by the researchers.

Foreign

Nationalist ideology continues to shape global politics today, and yet

twenty-first-century nationalism is faced with a unique set of challenges. For

example, migration and diaspora create cultural, economic and social networks

which now bind people across entire continents, let alone countries. The much-

discussed onset of globalization, together with regional integration, has also

pushed governments to revise their nation-building rhetoric. Some nation-

builders have reacted to globalization as a potential threat, while others see it as

a significant boost to their country’s power and influence. This is important

because of the implications for nation-state authority and legitimacy; nation-

 8

states seek to square national autonomy with deep involvement in regional

alliances, trading networks and international organizations. At the same me, sub-

state nationalists continue to compete for people’s loyalty and support. Today,

nationalists must re self-determination, independence, autonomy and

sovereignty in an increasingly interconnected world. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019)

According to Elsevier B.V(2019), that Nationalism is one of the central

ideologies of the modern era. Not surprisingly, its hegemonic rise over the past

200 years has attracted considerable attention from historians, sociologists, and

political scientists. Researchers have been especially preoccupied with those

aspects of nationalism that have been most disruptive for existing social and

political institutions, from the emergence of collective identification in newly

forming nation-states and the struggle for statehood by minority groups to the

sudden eruptions of nativism and xenophobia in otherwise stable societies. Much

of this literature has been based on the implicit assumption that in the absence

of violent upheavals, nationalism in established democracies is simply a fait

accompli rather than a source of continued social and political change. For

several decades, the field of nationalism studies has seen an extended debate

about explanations of nationalism and about the process of nation formation. An

impressive set of labels has been coined to describe alternative approaches. One

of the theories that has enjoyed unusual longevity is the approach known as

primordialism, which stresses the deep historical and cultural roots of nations

and nationalism and assumes their quasi‐objective character. This resilience is

 9

surprising because of the difficulty of marshaling evidence to support such a

theory, and because of the line‐up of critics who dismiss it. This article explores

the recent debate about primordialism. It suggests that authentic versions of

primordialism are extremely hard to find in the academic literature, and that

primordialism may better be viewed as an ingredient in nationalism than as an

explanation of nationalism. (John Wiley and Sons, 2014)

Nationalism is an identification with own nation and support for its

interest, and modern movement. Throughout history people have been attached

to their native soil, to the traditions of their parents, and to established territorial

authorities; but it was not until the end of the 18th century that nationalism

began to be a generally recognized sentiment molding public and private life and

one of the great, if not greatest, single determining factors of modern history.

Because of its dynamics vitality and its all-pervading character, nationalism is

often thought to be very old; sometimes it is mistakenly regarded as a

permanent factor in political behavior. (Britanica, n.d.)

Heroes are critical components of the identity axis of nationalism. An

individual’s veneration of national heroes enhances the individual’s sense of

belonging to the national collective. By creating a sense of national kinship,

heroes facilitate a person’s internal allegiance to the nation, the awareness of

citizenship and belonging to “the people”, an element of what Benedict Anderson

has called the “imagined community” that constitutes nationalism. The term

“nationalism” is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that
 10

the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and

(2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or

sustain) self-determination. (1) Raises questions about the concept of a nation

(or national identity), which is often defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity,

or cultural ties, and specifically about whether an individual's membership in a

nation should be regarded as non-voluntary or voluntary. (2) Raises questions

about whether self-determination must be understood as involving having full

statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs, or

whether something less is required. (Nenad Miscevic,2014)

Nationalism has a subjective dimension to it. Members of a nation usually

feel a sense of unity that in certain circumstances may go beyond class

inequalities; it is particularly the case when the nation has a common enemy, be

it a colonizer, or be it a specific minority group. In nationalist rhetoric the nation

is frequently conceptualized as a fraternity that somehow holds a privileged

position in the world. (Social Sciences, n.d.)

Local

According to Renato Constantino (2013), that the principal exponent of

nationalism holds the view that the Philippines did not sufficiently developed pre-

colonial civilization because of scattered and fragmented Filipino communities.

Nationalism has had a long history in our country. In our struggle for freedom,

there have been periods when strong nationalist feelings fired our people to
 11

action and other periods when nationalism seemed to be forgotten. Not only did

nationalism as a sentiment have it peaks and valleys, nationalism as a political

concept has been espoused at one time or another by different sectors of society

which projected particular nationalist goals as their own interests and historical

circumstances demanded. (Leticia Constantino, 2014)

Nationalism and patriotism both show the relationship of an individual

towards his or her nation. The two are often confused and frequently believed to

mean the same thing. However, we have lost that sense of nationhood

particularly among youth. It was not long time ago when young people here,

loved to die for their country. The evident reasons were patriotism and loved in

their souls for their motherland. But the situation is not so now. (Studymosse,

2019)

Nationalism is a devotion of love for one’s country. A country’ s identify is

seen through it culture, tradition, religions, beliefs even the unity of togetherness

of the people in it. The history of the Philippines reflects the kind of nationalism

the Filipino’s have. Their heroes stood and fought to preserve the Filipino identity

and attain freedom and independence. (Luz Leanie M. Reyes, n.d.)

Related Studies

This contains various studies that are intentionally and locally published.

These are the different insights of different foreign and local authors regarding

the emulating local heroes and level of nationalism.

 12

Foreign

China the emulation of heroes but they considered it as not a communist

invention. It was a mainstay of Confucian education in the form of stories about

great emperors, generals, poets, magistrates and filial children. This technique of

emulation was never abandoned even when China entered more modern times;

it continued right through the Republican period. Mao himself came under such

influences. One has only to read through the standard series of school textbook

published in Taiwan to see the same kind of stories that influenced Mao.

(Sheridan, 2015)

The spirit of nationalism needs to be instilled into the young generations from

the beginning. As a developing country, the government needs to emphasize the

spirit of nationalism in order to ensure that important state histories are to be

remembered as Malaysia enters its modern era. This study focused on a class of

young generations who will shape the future state. (Munirah Aayuni Mohd

Mokhtar and Anitawati Mohd Lokman, 2016)

The United States has a big problem with nationalism: it’s uncomfortable

with everybody else’s. Yet there’s a great irony here: The United States seems

quite unaware of the fact that it is one of the most enthusiastically flag-waving,

nationalistic countries of the world. More remarkably, it regularly miscalculates

the force of nationalism abroad. Today nationalism is probably the single most
 13

widespread ideology in politics across the globe. That the United States should

be tone-deaf to this phenomenon in its dealings with others represents a serious

vulnerability in the formulation of its foreign policies. (Graham E. Fuller, 2010)

Students will explore the concept of nation building and the beliefs and

values held by citizens that support a collective understanding of a country. They

will learn of the various natures of national identity and how challenging and

conflicting views of the nation-state are expressed and resolved. National

interests and their international pursuit are also explored providing the student

the opportunity to learn of methods of cooperation, foreign aid and assistance in

a globalizing world. (Mr. E. Delpercio, 2018)

Local Studies

According to Constantino (2019), that nationalism has been defined

broadly ranging from being an ideological sentiment to a form of consciousness

that may either hold a balance between the political and national unit of a given

social organization or just an emotional connection or loyalty to one’s nation.

Because there is no unified and overarching means to understand nationalism,

there can be ontological questions pertaining to such concept. Consequently, to

know the nature of ‘nationalism’ may raise epistemological challenges whether it

can be measured like political participation or it can only be understood through

 14

extracting meanings given by und the people who are associating themselves to

their nation.

Dr Esteban Dr. Esteban de Ocampo, a known historian, stated in his book

about Rizal that a hero means a prominent or central personage taking an

admirable part in any remarkable action or event; a person of distinguished valor

or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; and a man honored after death

by public worship because of exceptional service to mankind. The true heroes of

Philippine history deserve to be called so for they didn’t have any idea that one

day they will be measured up, they just acted upon their principles. The concept

of honoring heroes came only to the Philippines in 1900, when the Philippine

Commission (Pardo de Tavera, Legarda, Luzurriaga (Filipino members) and

headed by William Howard Taft) approved Act No. 137 combining the districts of

Morong and Manila to be named as “Province of Rizal,” in honor of the most

illustrious Filipino. Actually, this Act was disputed by many but the basis of the

Commission was so strong that it has surpassed the public’s questions.

The criteria are composed of 10 standards: First is the extent of a

person’s sacrifices for the welfare of the country. Second, the motive and

methods employed in the attainment of the ideal. The third is the moral

character of the person concerned. The fourth is the influence of the person

concerned on his age and or the succeeding age. Fifth is that heroes are those

who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s

freedom. Sixth is that heroes are those who define and contribute to a system of
 15

life of freedom and order for a nation.  Seventh is, heroes are those who

contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation. Eight, a hero is part of

the people’s expression. Ninth, a hero thinks of the. Lastly, the choice of a hero

involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but of the

entire process that made this particular person a hero.

Syntheses

Based on the work of Macmillan (2019), and Elsevier (2019), stated that

nationalism is an ideology in past and present times to shape our nation.

Nationalists today must re self-determination, independence, autonomy and

sovereignty in an increasingly interconnected world.

In the book of Social Sciences (n.d), members of a nation usually feel a

sense of unity that in certain circumstances may go beyond class inequalities; it

is particularly the case when the nation has a common enemy, be it a colonizer,

or be it a specific minority group. In nationalist rhetoric the nation is frequently

conceptualized as a fraternity that somehow holds a privileged position in the

world.

According to Miscevic (2014), in venerating of national heroes enhance

individual’s sense of belonging to the national collective. By creating a sense of

national kinship, heroes facilitate a person’s internal allegiance to the nation, the

awareness of citizenship and belonging to “the people”, an element of what

Benedict Anderson has called the “imagined community” that constitutes

 16

nationalism. The term “nationalism” describes in two phenomena: The attitude

that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity,

and the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or

sustain) self-determination.

According to Constantino (2013), that the principal exponent of

nationalism holds the view that the Philippines did not sufficiently developed pre-

colonial civilization because of scattered and fragmented Filipino communities.

Nationalism has had a long history in our country. In our struggle for freedom,

there have been periods when strong nationalist feelings fired our people to

action and other periods when nationalism seemed to be forgotten.

According to Reyes (n.d), Nationalism is a devotion of love for one’s

country. It can identify through culture, tradition, religions, beliefs even the unity

of togetherness of the people in it. The Philippines history reflects the kind of

nationalism the Filipino’s have. Their heroes stood and fought to preserve the

Filipino identity and attain freedom and independence.

Foreign Studies

According to Sheridan (2015), Confucian education in the form of stories

about great emperors, generals, poets, magistrates and filial children. This

technique of emulation was never abandoned even when China entered more

modern times. The study of Mokhtar and Lokman (2016), stated that the spirit of

nationalism needs to be instilled into the young generations from the beginning.
 17

As a developing country, the government needs to emphasize the spirit of

nationalism in order to ensure that important state histories are to be

remembered as Malaysia enters its modern era. According to Fuller (2010), The

United States has a big problem with nationalism, they are not aware of the fact

that it is one of the most enthusiastically flag-waving, nationalistic countries of

the world.

The study of Delpercio (2018), stated that the students will explore the

concept of nation building and the beliefs and values held by citizens that

support a collective understanding of a country. They will learn of the various

natures of national identity and how challenging and conflicting views of the

nation-state are expressed and resolved. National interests and their

international pursuit are also explored providing the student the opportunity to

learn of methods of cooperation, foreign aid and assistance in a globalizing

world.

Local Studies

In study of Constantino (2019), stated that nationalism has been defined

broadly ranging from being an ideological sentiment to a form of consciousness

that may either hold a balance between the political and national unit of a given

social organization or just an emotional connection or loyalty to one’s nation.

Because there is no unified and overarching means to understand nationalism,

there can be ontological questions pertaining to such concept.

 18

Theoretical Framework

Most theories of nationalism assert the modern character of the

phenomenon and account for its appearance and development by reference to a

variety of factors associated with modernity. While some authors like John

Armstrong and Anthony D. Smith contend that nations precede nationalism and

that there is a continuity between old and modern nations (in that medieval or

even ancient ethnic communities are often a springboard for the modern nation),

only primordia list and socio-biologists take perhaps the nation as perennial, that

is, an entity which has existed throughout history. In general terms

modernization theories maintain that nationalism emerges as a result of the

process of transition from traditional to modern society; some of these theories

focus more specifically on the spread of industrialization, and on the socio-

economic, political and cultural conditions functionally associated with it, as the

main cause for the development of nationalism.

Marxist theories envisage nationalism as a modern phenomenon and posit

a more or less explicit causal connection between the development of capitalism

and the appearance of nationalism. The founders of historical materialism were

certainly well aware of the nationalist phenomenon. As politically committed

 19

young intellectuals, Marx and Engels lived through the troublesome 1840s -a

period in which nationalist struggles ravaged the European arena. In their

formative years then, they had to confront the nationalist demands of a variety

of European peoples. To understand their attitude towards nationalism it is

essential to know that they subordinated the survival of nations to the

progressive march of history: some peoples were fossils from a long gone past

and were therefore objectively counter-revolutionary. These reactionary nations

had to be sacrificed to the altar of the mightier national states. In the articles

written by Marx and Engels for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (l848-l849), the

national question was often present as part of the political scenario, but there

was no attempt to explain the phenomenon except perhaps in terms of crude

stereotypes of national character. It is obvious that for Marx and Engels the

nation was not a central category of social existence, but rather a transitory

institution created by the bourgeoisie, hence the passage in The Communist

Manifesto to the effect that the "proletariat has no fatherland".

The Marxist tradition has been, on the whole, extremely suspicious of

nationalism, though for tactical reasons they often have made use of national

sentiments to achieve socialist objectives. In any case, within the Marxist theory

the nation is not a significant concept that can help to explain the dynamics of

modern history. In effect one must agree with Tom Nairn’s sweeping statement

that the "theory of nationalism represents Marxism’s great historical failure"

(1977: 329), a point which has been disputed by Benner (1997). The
 20

developments of the 1960s and 1970s in which socialist countries fought bitterly

against each other along nationalist lines opened the eyes of some Marxists

(Davis l978) to the reality that national interests were, in the final instance, more

important than socialist internationalism. With the collapse of the Soviet block in

1989 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991-92, these issues have

come to the forefront. At present few believe that Marxism can provide a

genuine theory of nationalism.

The strong Wallersteinian theory of nationalism maintains that within the

capitalist world-system 1) classes can be reduced to material interests and 2)

status groups and parties are blurred, often incorrect, collective representations

of classes. In situations of acute class conflict, the status group lines tend to

coincide with class lines. The weak Wallersteinian theory of nationalism

maintains that ethnic consciousness is an assertion in the political arena to

defend cultural and/or economic interests. And here culture is to be understood

in terms of language, religion, history, life-style, etc. or a combination of these in

so far as they are used to define the boundaries of a group. From these premises

it follows that Wallerstein‘s failure to provide an explanation of nationalism is

due, in the first place, to his economistic, or at best politico economic,

reductionism which pervades his conception of the capitalist world-system, and

in the second place, to his inadequate conception of the nation.

Between the generalities of universalism and the limitations of modernism,

there is room for a third type of theory which could be called evolutionary. It is
 21

true that as a mass phenomenon nationalism is a product of modern times, but

in Europe the roots of nation as an ‘imagined community’ (Anderson), of national

identity and even of incipient patriotic nationalism are firmly anchored in the

medieval period (Llobera 1994). There are serious problems in explaining the

transition from ethnic to national identity, but they are partly due to the lack of

in-depth historical studies on how the transformation occurred and the failure to

see the implications of ethnicity for modern nationhood. Russian scholars have

introduced an intermediary stage between tribe and nation, that of narodnost,

but this only compounds the problem. J. Armstrong’s pathbreaking Nations

before Nationalism (1982) considers modern nationalism as part of a long cycle

of ethnic consciousness; only the longue durée will allow us to find a way out of

the blind alley in which our obsession with the modernity of nationalism has

placed us. There is no miraculous appearance of the nation at the time of the

French Revolution, but a long process of evolution.

There is no need to argue against the modernist conception of nationalism

provided that it is clearly accepted that what we are referring to is modern

nationalism, that is, an ideology which found its first manifestation at the turn of

the nineteenth century. The roots of the nation, of national identity and even of

an incipient patriotic nationalism are firmly anchored in the medieval period and

in some cases much earlier. There is no contradiction between these two

statements. However, there is no way in which medieval sentiments of national

identity can be compared properly with modern ones. This is why national
 22

identities had to be ‘invented’, or as I prefer it, recreated. What matters is that

past history should provide a plausible scenario for the recreation of national

identity; if not, it can only be maintained with the help of the state.
 23

Modernization Theory a. Age

Marxist Theory

b. Economics

Wallersteinian Theory of
Nationalism
c. Interest

Evolutionary Theory d. Generation

Figure 1: Theoretical Paradigm

 24

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework is presented in figure 2, which is composed of

four components, the input, process, output and feedback. The input is

composed of the profile of the respondents with their age, sex and sections.

Next is the process which the researchers used is survey-questionnaire. Survey-

questionnaire used to determine the output which includes to answer the most

emulated qualities of local heroes that the Grade 11 HUMSS students have,

determine their level of nationalism and to know if there is a relationship

between emulating local heroes to their level of nationalism.

Input Process Output

Profile of the Respondents; To determine the level of

nationalism
a. Age
To determine the most
b. Sex Survey emulated local heroes’
Questionnaire qualities
c. Section
To know if there is a
relationship between
emulating local heroes and
level of nationalism of Grade
11 HUMSS students

Feedback

Figure 2: Conceptual Paradigm

 25

Hypotheses

There is relationship between emulating the qualities of local heroes and

level of nationalism.

Definition of Terms

Local, existing in or belonging to the area where you live, or to the area that

you are talking about.

Emulating is an act of copying something achieved by someone else and try

to do it as well as they have. If you emulate something or someone, you imitate

them because you admire them a great deal.

Heroes, a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding

achievements, or noble qualities.

Nationalism is an identification with one's own nation and support for its

interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other

nations. Advocacy of or support for the political independence of a particular

nation or people. Nationalism is a way of thinking that says that some groups of

humans, such as ethnic groups, should be free to rule themselves.

Level is a position on a real or imaginary scale of amount, quantity, extent, or

quality.

Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral

uprightness.
 26

Courage is the ability to do something that frightens one.

Honesty is when you speak the truth and act truthfully.

Confidence is the feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something;

firm trust.

Caring is a displaying kindness and concern for others.

 27

Notes

Elsevier B.V(2019) Expressive Forms as Generators, Transmitters, and

Transformers of Social Power https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-

science/expressive-form July 6, 2019

John Wiley and Sons (2019) Religious Nationalism and the Secular State: Cultural

Concerns https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/religious-

nationalism July 6, 2019

(Britanica, n.d.) ‘Primordialism’ in nationalism studies: theory or ideology

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12349 July 6, 2019

Nenad Miscevic (2014) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/ July 10, 2019

( Social Sciences, n.d.) Science Nationalism Beliefs,

https://owlocation.com/social-sciences/what-is-nationalism-a-short-guide July 10,

2019

Renato Constantino(2013) Philippine Nationalism Nature and Development

https://www.coursehero.com/file/24026704/Factorsdoc/ July 10, 2019

Munirah Aayuni Mohd Mokhtar and Anitawati Mohd Lokman (2016)

https://jmiw.uetm.edu.my/images/journal/v8c5.pdf July 17, 2019

Graham E. Fuller (2010) America’s Uncomfortable Relationship With Nationalism

https://stanleycenter.org/publications/pab/pab06nationalism.pdf July 17, 2019

 28

Mr. E. Delpercio (2018) Perspectives on Nationalism 2017-2018 Semester I Social

Studies 20-IB Archbishop MacDonald Senior High School

https://www.ecsd.net/schools/Style%20Library/sbfile/170926/03d5a4f6-a351-

4862-a772-b552ba03c0c6.pdf July 17, 2019

Constantino(2019) Filipino Youth Nationalism and Political Consciousness: A

Study on Social Media (A Sample Review of Literature)

https://www.academia.edu/34772432/Filipino_Youth_Nationalism_and_Political_

Consciousness_A_Study_on_Social_Media_A_Sample_Review_of_Literature?

fbclid=IwAR0E3MG9mfplRwUxEOv2ueT4wbapWgnNWrm-

2Txopg8XdL7CzS4kDpE4mvE July 19, 2019

Personality (2012) Qualities of a Hero

https://www.personalitytutor.com/qualities-of-a-hero.html October 5, 2018

Ask Media Group and LLC (2019) The Characteristics of a Hero

https://www.reference.com/art-literature/characteristics-hero-6a87109e27a759f2

October 5, 2019

Sherrie (2014) The Qualities of a Hero

http://courses.missouristate.edu/danewallace/Qualities%20of%20a%20Hero

%20worksheet.htm October 5, 2019

(Brian Wansink, 2010) Profiling the Heroic Leader: Empirical Lessons from

Combat-Decorated Veterans of World War

IIhttp://www.mindlesseating.org/pdf/heroism/Heroism.doc October 5, 2019

 29

Marilyn Vojta(n.d.) Characteristics of the Effective Leader

http://www.tnstate.edu/servicelearning/documents/Leadership

%20Characteristics.pdf October 5, 2019

 30

Chapter 3

THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter represents the discussion of the research method used,

description of respondents, research setting, data gathering procedure employed

and statistical treatment of data used in the conduct of research.

Research Design

This study used the descriptive and correlational method. Descriptive

method uses to describe Grade 11 HUMSS students in the qualities that they

most emulated from local heroes and measure the level of Nationalism they

have. The correlational is used to determine the relationship between emulating

of the qualities in the level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS students.

Population of the Study

The population of the study were composed of the students in the

division of Camarines Norte during the school year July- October 2019. The

respondent of the study was only the Grade 11 HUMSS students at Camarines

Norte National High School.

 31

Sampling Design

The researchers used Convenience or Accidental sampling in choosing the

respondents. This involves selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are

there in the day that the questionnaire was given. Since the study focuses on the

local heroes’ qualities and level of nationalism in the Grade 11 HUMSS students

of Camarines Norte National High School, through the use of availability sampling

technique the researchers are capable to immediately finished the survey in a

short period of time. Also, the researchers and the respondents were not having

a hustle in conducting the survey questionnaire, since it only focuses to the

Grade 11 HUMSS students who are emulating local heroes’ qualities and level of

nationalism.

Research Instruments

The research instruments of the study were survey-questionnaire that are

being used by the researchers. Survey-questionnaire was used to examine the

most emulated qualities of Grade 11 HUMSS students and their level of

nationalism in emulating local heroes’ qualities.

Instrument Preparation

The primary tool of data gathering during the research work was the

researchers-made survey questionnaire composed of two parts: The first part is

to identify the qualities that the Grade 11 HUMSS students most emulated by

answering always, sometimes, rarely and never. In the second part is composed
 32

of different questions to identify the level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS

students by answering always, sometimes, rarely and never.

Validation of The Instrument

The questionnaire designed for the study was subjected to find out the

most emulation of Grade 11 HUMSS students in different qualities of heroes in

the Camarines Norte and the kind of level of nationalism have a student. Lastly

to determine the significant relationship between emulating local heroes’ qualities

and level of nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS. The respondents were selected

according to the criteria established by the researches.

Retrieval was done immediately after the respondents have answered the

questions.

Method of Analysis

The Availability will be used as a basis to determine the total

number of respondents of Grade 11 students.

 33

CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the findings, analysis ang interpretation of data

gather for the study. They were discussed according to profile of the

respondents per section, qualities that they most emulated from the local heroes,

level of nationalism, and relationship of emulating the qualities of local heroes

and level of nationalism that the Grade 11 HUMSS have.

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 35 36
Female 62 64
Total 97 100

This table shown (table 1) that the female has large number than male

with the total of 62 or 64% of respondents while the male got 35 or 36%.

Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Age

Age Frequency Percentage

16 48 49
17 44 46
18 4 4
19 1 1
Total 97 100
 34

This table (Table 2) Shown the distribution of respondents by age. The

biggest percentage of the age is 16 years old which have 48 or 49% follow the

age of 17 which have 44 of 46% then the lowest is the 18 years old which have

4 or 4%.

Graph 1: Qualities of Local heroes

Emulating Local Heroes Qualities

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Always (%) Often (%) Sometimes (%) Never (%)

From the table above (Table 3), most of the qualities of local heroes are

they already possessed. Especially the humility (No. 10) which got the highest

rate quality, while the selflessness (No. 7) is the quality that got a low rate.

Although there ranking are almost the same.

Graph 2 : Level Nationalism

 35

Level of Nationalism of Grade 11 HUMSS

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Always (%) Often (%) Sometimes (%) Never (%)

It is shown in the table 4 that the nationalism of grade 11 HUMSS

students or their love in our country is isn’t that strong either weak. They are

proud to be a Pilipino (No. 4) but sometimes they don’t much perform or involve

their self in some of the cultures and traditions here in our land, such as

Bantayog Festival (No. 5) and many more.

Table 5: Relationship between Emulating the qualities of local heroes

and level of nationalism

Emulating Local Heroes

Level of (Y-µ) (X-µ) (Y-
Qualities X-µ (X-µ) ² Y-µ
Nationalism ² µ)

0.01 0.00
3.887 0
-0.070 0.005 3.897 0 -0.001
0.04 0.00
3.938 2
-0.019 0.000 3.928 1 -0.001
 36

-
0.00
3.959 0.02 0
0.002 0.000 3.866 1 0.000
-
0.00
3.804 0.05 3
-0.153 0.023 3.835 2 0.008
0.02 0.00
4.196
0.239 0.057 3.907 1 0 0.005
0.00 0.00
Sum : 0.000 0.086 0 5 0.011
Mean: 3.957 Mean: 3.887

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

The summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations from

the data gathered are presented in this chapter. The foregoing

paragraphs will provide traders an overview of the study.

Summary

This study determined the relationship of emulating the qualities of

local heroes in Camarines Norte and level of nationalism. Specifically,

the following questions were answered: (1) What are the socio-

demographic profile of grade 11 HUMSS students? (2) What are

the qualities that the grade 11 HUMSS students emulate from the
 37

local heroes of Camarines Norte? (3) What is the level of

nationalism do the grade 11 HUMSS students have? (4) Is there

relationship between emulating the qualities of local heroes and

level of nationalism of grade 11 HUMSS students?

The assumption of the study was; the researcher will know

the relationship between emulating the qualities of local heroes and

level of nationalism of grade 11 HUMSS students. The hypothesis

tested was; there is no relationship between emulating the qualities

of local heroes and level of nationalism of grade 11 HUMSS

students. This research utilized the correlational method of research.

The respondent of the study was the grade 11 HUMSS students of

Camarines Norte National High School. The data were gathered

through questionnaire. The statistical tools used were weighted mean to

find X and Y variables and Pearson formula to find the relationships of two

variables.

Findings

Based from the data gathered, the salient findings of the

study were summarized as follows:

1. The majority of the respondents are female students with a

frequency count and percentage of 62 or 64% and only 35

 38

or 36% are male. As to age bracket, most them are ages

between 16 - 19 years old.

2. Almost of the qualities of local heroes are emulated by

grade 11 HUMSS students of Camarines Norte national high

school. The quality that the grade 11 HUMSS students mostly

emulate from our local heroes is supportive which got 69 or

71% while the quality that they do not usually use is the

selflessness which got 49 or 51%.

3. The researchers find out that the level of nationalism of grade 11 HUMSS

students or their love in our country is isn’t that strong either weak. They

are proud to be a Pilipino, but sometimes they don’t much perform or

involve their self in some of the cultures and traditions here in our land,

such as Bantayog Festival and many more.

4. There is no relationship between emulating the qualities of local heroes.

Conclusion

The researchers conclude that there is no relationship between

emulating the qualities of local heroes, according to the data that

the searchers gathered.

Recommendation
 39

1. This study suggested to the future researchers, who will

conduct the same study about nationalism and emulating the

qualities of local heroes.

2. Through this study its gives them an idea to create an

innovation. The innovation that the future researcher can

created is the device about the Local heroes of Camarines

Norte and their qualities.

3. To gives other a influenced to know the qualities of local

heroes and to show an awareness about what nationalism we

have now compare to the previous generation we have back

then.