Accepted Manuscript

Regular paper

Design of UWB Monopole Antenna with Dual Notched Band

Characteristics by Using π-Shaped Slot and EBG Resonator

Samineni Peddakrishna, Taimoor Khan

PII: S1434-8411(18)31206-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.09.014
Reference:
AEUE 52493

To appear in: International Journal of Electronics and

Communi-cations

Received Date: 16 May 2018

Revised Date: 1 September 2018
Accepted Date: 8 September 2018

Please cite this article as: S. Peddakrishna, T. Khan, Design of UWB Monopole Antenna with Dual
Notched Band Characteristics by Using π-Shaped Slot and EBG Resonator, International Journal of
Electronics and Communications (2018), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.09.014

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we
are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of
the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be
discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
 Design of UWB Monopole Antenna with Dual Notched Band
Characteristics by Using π-Shaped Slot and EBG Resonator
1
Samineni Peddakrishna, 2Taimoor Khan#
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, India
#
corresponding author to provide E-mail: ktaimoor@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose the design of coplanar waveguide (CPW) ultra-wideband (UWB) dual notched

band monopole antenna with a π-shaped slot and EBG is proposed. The designed antenna produces an

impedance bandwidth of 2.7-11.7 GHz (VSWR<2), except with 3.4 GHz (3.3-3.7 GHz) for S-band WiMAX

application and 6.9 GHz (6.5-7.2GHz) for C-band IEEE INSAT applications . Here, the lower and upper

notches are realized by proposing a π-shaped slot on the radiating element and an electromagnetic bandgap

structure as a resonator integrated on either side of the ground plane. Meanwhile, the impedance over a

frequency range and current distribution are also plotted for the proposed design. The antenna prototype is

fabricated and characterized experimentally for validation purpose. Fair matching is observed among the

simulated and measured results.

Keywords: Dual Notch, EBG; π-shape slot; CPW-Fed.

1. INTRODUCTION

The development of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been much concentrated for commercial use

due to the allocation of unlicensed spectrum from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz [1]. The UWB technology has

accomplished a very promising technology in a wide range of wireless applications such as localization,

short-range, high-data-rate transmission, multimedia, imaging, remote sensing, and radar. The UWB

antennas are being widely used, because of their inherent benefits such as higher data rates, wide bandwidth,

low profile, lightweight, and easy fabrication [2]. However, out of these benefits, the interference frequency

bands within the UWB frequency range is a serious problem. The interference rejection of the existing

wireless system in UWB region such as WiMAX, WLAN, and C-band satellite communication system
cannot be avoided. To avoid these interfering signals is to integrate band-stop filters with the antenna.

However, the external filters considerably increase the overall occupied size of the antenna dimensions.

Several bands reject designs have been reported to alleviate the possible electromagnetic interference in

UWB antennas. The conventional techniques such as embedding slots on the radiating surface or ground

plane [3-6], connecting a stub resonator to the ground plane [7], and placing a parasitic resonator near to the

radiating element [8-10] have been utilized for narrowband interference rejection. Some of these designs

only reject one band like WLAN (5-6 GHz) [7], WiMAX (3.3-3.6 GHz) [8]. Due to much interference,

narrow bands over UWB, single notch band limitation have been avoided by designing dual band/multi-

band notch design. Recently, several dual/multi-band notched designs have been addressed, which reduces

the interference between ultra-wideband and narrowband systems [11-13]. A circular microstrip patch

antenna loaded with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) and S-shaped slot in microstrip feed line

[11] have been used for triple band operation for WiMAX, WLAN, and X-band satellite applications.

Though the design introduces the coupling effect between upper notched bands due to due to slots on the

feeding element. A dual band notched stub-loaded ring-resonator (SLRR) on radiating patch is proposed

[12]. Also, a circular printed monopole with the triangular tapered microstrip-fed line (TTMFL) and a

round-cornered finite ground plane (RCFGP) antenna have been proposed for dual notch characteristics

[13]. However, the design proposed have been utilized two stub resonators for producing each notch

characteristic.

In recent years, to generate notches characteristics along with independent controllability in each band,

several UWB antennas with electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures have introduced for notched

characteristics [14-18]. A circular monopole antenna with symmetrical spiral-shaped slot mushroom EBG

for WiMAX applications has been proposed [14]. Though, the design is limited to single notch

characteristics. A dual notched band characteristic has been realized by incorporating two different

mushroom EBG structures symmetrically placed near to the feed line of UWB antenna [15-16]. Also, a dual
band-notched UWB antenna has been designed [17-18] using a modified mushroom-type EBG structure

near the feed line and integrated complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) on the radiating element. In

general, notched characteristics with EBG designs have used a conventional mushroom shape, which uses

metallic connections ground plane via the substrate. Some research has also done on uniplanar EBG near the

feed line to realize notched characteristics [19-20].

In this paper, another novel dual-band rejection and independent controllability of rejection band UWB

antenna are presented. For realizing the lower rejecting band, which is operating at 3.3-3.7 GHz for S-band

WiMAX application, a π - a shaped slot on a radiating element is introduced. Whereas for upper rejection

band at 6.5-7.2GHz for C-band IEEE INSAT applications, a uniplanar EBG structure is proposed and

integrated with a ground plane as a resonator on both the sides of the feed line. This π -shaped slot on a

radiating element and integrated EBG design methodology control the lower and upper notched band

independently. In addition to independent controllability, the proposed antenna also tunes the notched

frequency by varying the geometrical dimensions of the slot as well as EBG. Finally, the prototype of the

optimized antenna is fabricated and characterized.

2. PROPOSED DESIGN AND ITS DESCRIPTION

Fig.1 shows the reference UWB antenna (termed as Antenna #1). It is designed using 0.762 mm thick substrate

2
(εr = 2.2) having a substrate size of W×L (40×52 mm ). The radiating element placed near the edge of a partial

2
ground plane having a rectangular patch (Fig. 1) with a dimension of Wp×Lp = 18×21 mm . A 50 Ω CPW

(coplanar waveguide) feeding structure is employed with a feed width of W f = 2 mm. The radiating patch also

consists of two horizontal truncated rectangular slots near the bottom edge of the patch surface to realize an

acceptable impedance bandwidth in UWB region. The other geometrical parameters of the suggested design

shown in Fig.1 are as follows: S = 5.5 mm, Lg = 29 mm, d = 1mm, w 1 =1 mm and g = 0.3 mm. The antenna is

designed and optimized by time domain commercial electromagnetic solver CST microwave studio to achieve a

good impedance bandwidth, except at notched bands over the UWB

frequency range.

Fig.1. Geometry of UWB antenna.

For better understand the behavior of the proposed dual band-notched design by incorporating π-shaped

slot, two EBG-unit cells on either side of the feed line in the reference antenna (Antenna #1), the design

procedure is presented in Fig. 2. This design procedure with different cases is considered as antenna #1 to

Antenna #4 from Fig. 2(a) to Fig. 2(d), respectively. The antenna, which is producing impedance matching

without any notches in UWB region, is considered as Antenna #1. To produce the single notch, a π -shaped

slot is incorporated on the radiating surface of patch antenna (Antenna #2). Whereas, integrated EBG cells

in ground plane produces the second notch characteristics, as shown in Fig. 2(c).Moreover, in the proposed

EBG cells have utilized on the ground plane symmetrically on both sides of the feedline for stronger

rejection characteristics. If we use one EBG slot on the left or right side of the ground plane near the feed

line also generate notched characteristics. But the rejection level is less compared to the symmetrical EBG

slots on both sides of the feed line. Thus to increase the notch level authors have placed two EBG slots

Finally, to produce dual notch characteristics, a π-shaped slot and integrated EBG cells are combined on a

CPW fed monopole antenna (Antenna #4), as shown in Fig. 2(d). The geometrical parameters of the

optimized π-shaped slot and proposed EBG cell are shown in Fig. 3 and the dimensions are as follows: the

lower notch π-shaped slot dimensions are S1 =16mm, S2 = 11mm, S3 = 12.5mm S4 = S5 = 0.75mm and

upper notch EBG resonator dimensions are p = 5.2mm, a = 0.9mm, b = 2mm, c = 0.2mm, e = 0.1mm.
Further, the effect of the slot and EBG resonator at the desired notched frequency is determined using the

following expressions.

  g  S1  2*S2  2*(S1-S3) (1)

slot
2
EBG   S6 S7 (2)
slot g

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig.2. Proposed single and dual notched UWB antennas. (a) UWB antenna, (b) UWB with a 3.4GHz notch, (c) UWB

with 7.0 GHz notch (d) UWB with 3.4 GHz and 6.9 GHz notch antennas.

(a) (b)
Fig.3. Representation for achieving (a) lower band notch, (b) upper band notch.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this section, the confirming results of the proposed antenna geometries shown in Fig. 2 are verified

sequentially by considering various cases. Meanwhile, this part is divided into four subsections; (a) UWB

design, (b) Dual band design (c) Input impedance and surface current distribution.
 Fig. 4. Design steps with VSWR curves for achieving UWB characteristics.
3.1 UWB Design
In this portion, the realization of the UWB monopole design procedure along with VSWR curves are

presented. As illustrated in Fig.4, the VSWR curves for Antenna #1 with three cases with and without

truncated slots are presented. As observed from the results, the antenna without corner truncation (Case #1)

has no impedance matching, whereas in truncation with Case #3 produces a UWB impedance bandwidth

with VSWR less than 2.

Fig.5. Simulated VSWR of Antenna #1 to Antenna #4.

3.2 Dual Band Design

In this portion, the optimized simulated voltage standing wave ratios (VSWR) curves for four antennas

(Antenna #1 to Antenna #4) are presented in Fig. 5. It is evident from the figure that VSWR curve for

Antenna #1 is flat over the UWB region without any notch. (VSWR<2) over the UWB region. While

making a π-shaped slot on the patch surface (Antenna #2) and EBG cells integrated on the ground plane
(Antenna #3) produce two independent notch frequencies. Fig. 5 also presents the VSWR curve with 3.4

GHz and 6.9 GHz notches due to the effect of the π-shaped slot and integrated EBG cells, respectively.

Further, the utilization of symmetrical EBG cells on both sides of the feed line is analyzed by comparing the

rejection level (Fig.6) with respect to the single EBG cell on the left side of the feed line and dual EBG cells

on both sides of the feed line. It is observed that the notch rejection level is very less in single EBG cell

compared to dual EBG cells.

Fig.6 Simulated VSWR of Antenna #4 with different cases.

Fig 7. Input impedance variation of Antenna #4.

3.3 Input Impedance and Surface Current Distribution

Further, to recognize the occurrence of notch performance, the simulated antenna input impedance (real and

imaginary impedance) over a frequency range of optimized structure (Antenna #4) is illustrated in Fig. 7. It
is observed from Fig. 7, the real and imaginary part varies over a frequency range of around 50 Ω and 0 Ω

respectively, except at notch frequencies. Whereas, at notch frequencies, there is a drastic change in real and

imaginary impedance. This is due to strong surface current distribution around π-slot and EBG.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig.8. Surface current distribution of the proposed Antenna. (a) 3.4 GHz, (b) 5.5 GHz, (c) 6.9 GHz, (d) 9.0 GHz.

Furthermore, to show the effect of the π-shaped slot and EBG, on the strong current distribution of notch

frequencies, the simulated current distributions throughout UWB region at 3.4 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 6.9 GHz, and

9.0 GHz are plotted in Fig. 8. It is shown in the Fig. 8(a) and Fig. 8(c), the surface current focused on π-

shaped slot and EBG correspond to lower and upper notch frequencies. This strong current distribution

around the slot and EBG leads to near-field radiation counteracted and high energy is reflected back to the

input port. This phenomenon specifies that the energy is not radiated at 3.4 GHz and 6.9 GHz frequencies

due to the slot and EBG respectively. In addition, the current distribution at 5.5 GHz and 9.0 GHz

frequencies are also observed apart from notch frequencies and indicates a weak current distribution on slot

and EBG.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig.9. Proposed prototype and result comparison plot (a) Antenna #4, (b) VSWR comparison, (c) Gain comparison.
4. EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

To validate the simulated results, the optimized dual band notch antenna (Antenna #4) has been fabricated

and characterized. The fabricated photograph of antenna #4 is shown in Fig. 9(a). The VSWR comparison

between simulated and measured results is shown in Fig. 9(b). The measured notch frequencies observed at

3.6GHz (3.45-3.9GHz, VSWR>2) and 7.2 GHz (6.7–7.65GHz, VSWR>2). During the measurement, the

lower and upper notch frequencies are devoted to 0.15GHz and 0.3GHz, respectively from that of the

simulated results. The reason for these deviations may be due to the fabrication tolerances and measurement

environment. In addition, their realized simulated and measured gain comparisons are also presented in Fig.

9(c). This clearly shows the two significant gain decreases at notched bands.

(a)

(b)
Fig.10 Simulated and measured radiation pattern at different frequencies. (a) E-plane, (b) H-plane.

To investigate the effect of the slot and EBG on radiation pattern, measurement has been carried out at

3.2GHz, 5.5GHz, and 9.3GHz resonant frequencies over UWB region. The measured co- and cross radiation

patterns are compared with a simulated pattern in both E- and H-planes (Fig.10). It is observed that the E-
plane having the dumbbell-shaped pattern and H-plane has an omnidirectional pattern. It is also observed at

a higher frequency (at 9.3GHz), some sort of the cross-polarization level is compared with that of the co-

polarization. Further, the comparison with the existing literature is presented in Table 1. Here, the

comparison is presented with respect to feed techniques such as microstrip and CPW feed, notch technique,

and a number of notched bands in each design. From the comparison, it is observed that, all of the designs

existing in literature with EBG structures have microstrip feed technique, whereas the proposed design uses

a CPW feed technique, which will reduce the fabrication complexity.

Table 1. Comparison of proposed design with existing literature

Reference Feed Type Notch Technique Notched bands

[4] Microstrip feed U-shaped slot Single

[5] Microstrip feed U-shaped slot Single

[7] CPW feed L-shaped stubs Single

[8] Microstrip feed Parasitic strip Single

[10] Microstrip feed Parasitic elliptical patch Single

[11] Microstrip feed CSRR, S-shaped, and rectangular slots Triple

[12] Microstrip feed SLRR-slot Dual

[13] Microstrip feed Slot, stub and parasitic strip Dual

[14] Microstrip feed Mushroom EBG Dual

[15] Microstrip feed Mushroom EBG Dual

[16) Microstrip feed Mushroom EBG Dual

[17] Microstrip feed Spiral-shaped slot mushroom EBG Single

[18] Microstrip feed CSSR and modified mushroom Dual

[19] Microstrip feed Star-shaped EBG Single

[20] Microstrip feed Slotted square EBG Single

Proposed CPW feed π shaped slot and uni-planar EBG Dual

5. CONCLUSION

In this paper, dual band-notched CPW- fed printed UWB monopole antenna has proposed. The suggested

design with an embedded π-shaped slot on the patch as well as a pair of EBG structure integrated on the

ground plane produces two notch frequencies, respectively, while maintaining the UWB performance. The

optimized antenna prototype has fabricated and characterized experimentally. Results indicate a close

agreement between simulation and measurement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and

Technology (DST), Govt. of India (GoI) under research grant No. SB/S3/EECE/093/2016.

REFERENCES

[1] First report and order, Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rule regarding ultra-wideband

transmission system FCC 02-48, Federal Communications Commission, 2002.

[2] K.P. Ray and S. Tiwari, “Ultra-Wideband Printed Hexagonal Monopole Antennas,” IET Microw

Antennas Propag, 2010; 4(4) 437-445.

[3] Wong et al., “Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Circular-Disk Monopole Antenna with an Arc-Shaped

Slot,” Microw Opt Technol Lett 2005; 45( 3): 188-191.

[4] Cho et al., “A Miniature UWB Planar Monopole Antenna with 5-GHz Band-Rejection Filter and the

Time-Domain Characteristics,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 2006; 54(5): 1453-1460.

[5] Yuan et al., “Elliptically Shaped Ultra-Wideband Patch Antenna With Band-Notch Features,”
Microw Opt Technol Lett 2008;50(3): 736-738.

[6] Pan, et al., “Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Slot Antenna,” Microw Opt Technol Lett 2006;48(12)

2444-2446.

[7] H. Xu, K.D. Xu, W. Nie and Y.H. Liu, “A Coplanar Waveguide-Fed UWB Antenna using Embedded

E-shaped Structure with WLAN Band-Rejection”, Frequ 2018;72(7-8): 325-332.

[8] H. Kim and S. O. Park, “Analysis of the Small Band-rejected Antenna with the Parasitic Strip for

UWB,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 2006; 54(6):1688-1692.

[9] M. Abbosh and M. E. Bialkowski, “Design of UWB Planar Band-Notched Antenna using Parasitic

Elements,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 2009; 57(3): 796-799.

[10] Peng, et al., “A Novel Band Notched Elliptical Ring Monopole Antenna with a Coplanar Parasitic

Elliptical Patch for UWB Applications,” J. Electromagn Waves Appl 2008;22(4): 517–528.

[11] Yadav et. al, "SRR and S-shape slot loaded triple band-notched UWB antenna", AEU Int J Electron

Commun 2017; 79:192-198.

[12] Xu KD, Zhang HY, Spiegel RJ, Fan Y, Joines WT, Liu QH. Design of a stub-loaded ring resonator

slot for antenna applications. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 2015;63(2):517–24.

[13] M. Manohar, R. S. Kshetrimayum, and A.K. Gogoi, “A compact dual band-notched circular ring

printed monopole antenna for super wideband applications”, Radio-engineering 2017; 26(1):64-70.

[14] Jaglan N, Gupta SD, Kanaujia BK, Srivastava S. Band-Notched UWB Circular Monopole Antenna

with Inductance Enhanced modified mushroom EBG structure. Wireless Netw 2018; 24: 383-393.

[15] T. Mandal, and S. Das, “Design of Dual Notch Band UWB Printed Monopole Antenna using

Electromagnetics Band Gap Structure,” Microwave Opt Technol Lett 2014;56(14): 2195-2199.

[16] Alshamaileh et. al, “Dual band-notched microstrip-fed Vivaldi antenna utilizing compact EBG

structures,” Int J Antennas Propaga 2015; 2015:1-7.

[17] Jaglan, N., S. D. Gupta, B. K. Kanaujia, and S. Srivastava, “Design and development of efficient

EBG structures-based band-notched UWB circular monopole antenna,” Wireless Personal

Communication 2017; 96(4): 5757–5783.

[18] Sarkar et al., “Design of a Dual Band-Notched Ultra-Wideband Antenna using CSRR and Modified

Mushroom-type EBG Structure,” In 6th ATMS Annual conf, Kolkata, India, 12-13 Feb.2013,

pp.117-119.
[19] N. Jaglan and S. D. Gupta, “Design and development of band-notched UWB circular monopole

antenna with uniplanar star-shaped EBG structures”, Int J Microwave and Optical Technology 2016;

11(2): 86-91.

[20] N. Jaglan, S. D. Gupta, Srivastava S, “Notched UWB Circular Monopole Antenna Design Using

Uni-Planar EBG Structures,” Int J Communications Antenna and Propagation 2016; 6(5): 266-273.