A ‘Chinese Box’ representation ‘Tree diagram’ representation of

of grammatical structure: clauses grammatical structure

and groups
clause A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands.
A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. clause
group
wiped his hands group
A small gnome in the A small gnome in the
garden wiped his hands
garden
group
in the group
garden
A small gnome in the wiped his hands
garden
the word word word word word
garden in the
wipe -ed he hand -s
word garden
group morphemes

‘Tree diagram’ representation of

grammatical structure: down to groups Functional structure: clauses
A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. consist of
clause
prepositional phrases
A small gnome in the
Circumstances adverbial groups
wiped his hands
garden
verbal nominal
nominal
group group group Participants nominal groups
in the
garden
prepositional phrase Process verbal group

the
in
garden
preposition nominal group

Functional structure: nominal groups

determiner
clauses
Deictic
prepositional phrases

Modifiers
Epithets adjective groups

Classifiers nouns

Head noun