LET Reviewer on Grammar (General Function of Sentence: Exclamatory-

Education 2) Conveys emotion

Ends with !
Subject-Part of the sentence being talked E.g. Isn’t she lovely!
about Wow, that is great!
Answers who or what
Does or receives the action Hard-to-Find Subjects
Experiences the condition E.g. There are the boys.
Here is the money.
Kinds In my heart, I know the answer.
Simple-essential noun, pronoun, or groups Is the meal ready?
acting as noun Wait for me.
Compound-two or more joined by
coordinating conjunction Complements-Word or word groups that
Complete-essential subject and modifiers, complete the meaning of the predicate
complements
Direct Object-Noun or pronouns or their
Predicate-Action or linking verb in the groups receiving the action of transitive
sentence verb
E.g. I rent an apartment.
Kinds Garbage clogged the gutter.
Simple-verb (linking and main) Which food should I buy?
Compound-two or more
Complete-verb with modifiers and Indirect Object-Appears with direct object
complements Names who or what receives the direct
object
Function of Sentence: Declarative-States an E.g. I promised her a gift.
idea The man gave me tips.
Ends with period She teaches graders Math.
E.g. I am happy.
She is the teacher Objective Complement-Appears with direct
object
Function of Sentence: Interrogative-Asks a Completes the meaning of the direct object
question E.g. I call him Tisoy.
Ends with ? We made him the leader.
E.g. Are you happy? They elected Tony secretary.
What is the topic?
Predicate Nominative-Noun or pronoun
Function of Sentence: Imperative-Gives after linking verb
order or direction Tells something about the subject
Ends with period or exclamation point E.g. She is a mother.
E.g. Call the secretary. They are the winners.
Watch out for that car! The contestants are they.
Predicate Adjective-Adjective after linking
verb
Modifies the subject
E.g. It is ordinary.
She is pretty.
The idea sounded great.
Nouns/Pronouns as Appositive
E.g. The boarder Riza is from Manila.
Hunger Games, the movie, is a smash hit.
Noun of Direct Address
E.g. Prepare the reviewer, Mark.
Students, you are very special.
Sentence Patterns
STVDO Pattern
E.g. I admit the crime.
They left the venue.
She continued her plan.
STVIODO
E.g. We awarded him the title.
We told them our secrets.
We gave him a chance.
STVDOOC
E.g. We named him Tammy.
They consider the money enough.
Cynthia judged the movie cheap.
SLVPN
E.g. Jun is the owner of the building.
They are the recipients of the award.
Mona is the leader.
SLVPA
E.g. The project is successful.
Myra is sincere about helping.
Students in class are active.
SV
E.g. They laugh in the corner.
We prepare quietly.
Teachers leave early.
Inverted Patterns
VS Is he at the party?
HVSV Should we stay?
HVSVC Does he eat vegetables?
HVSVCC Did he give them time?
CHVSV Whose advice did you take?
Phrases-Groups of words that function as
one part of speech
Prepositional-Starts with a preposition with
an object that is either noun or pronoun
Either adjective or adverb
E.g. In school, we learn about ourselves,
others, and our world.
The teacher in the room should be a
facilitator.
Appositive-Noun or pronoun which follows
another noun or pronoun that it renames,
explains, or identifies
Functions as a noun or pronoun
E.g. The Dark Knight Rises, the current box
office hit, is most controversial this year.
Joker, the suspect for the mass killing,
needs psychological help.
Gerunds-End in –ing
Function as a noun
E.g. Geraldine's singing always enthralls the
audience.
Sam hates getting a headache when he
works late.
His favorite activity is diving in Anilao.
Participles
End in –ing, ed, t, en
Function as an adjective.
E.g. Laughing wildly, she ran down the path.
The actor, pausing for a moment, looked at
the crowd.
He showed us the cabinet, painted a
brilliant green.
Infinitives
Generally begin with to and a verb in base
form
Function as a noun, an adjective, or an
adverb
E.g. To get an appointment with
him requires a great amount of patience.
He wrote a letter to raise funds for the
foundation.
The decision to eliminate vacations was
very unpopular.
Infinitives without to
E.g. I heard him complain.
I will watch you dance.
I see him go there.
Clauses-Groups of words with S and V
Independent-Clause that can stand alone
E.g. Dr. Rizal was also an inventor
He, too, possessed artistry beyond compare
Dependent-Starts with a clause opener and
has a subject and verb
Cannot stand alone
Can be noun, adjective, or adverb
With or without clause opener
E.g. Because you love me
When I see you smile
Until my heartaches end
Who we are
Elliptical Dependent Clauses-Incomplete
parts
E.g. He is as tall as she.
I love him as he.
I adore Him as them.
Sentence Structure: Simple-It contains one
independent clause.
E.g. Hope.
The young are sources of hope.
With enough hope, young people can think
of and do much.
Sentence Structure: Compound-With two
or more independent clauses joined
Joined by coordinating conjunctions
E.g. Rizal learned much from his mother,
and he also attended formal schooling.
He can speak eight languages, so he is
polyglot.
Joined by ;
E.g. Young Pepe was clever; he
unintentionally outsmarted some older
men.
Joined by ; and conjunctive adverb
Rizal had many sisters; however, he had
only one brother.
Sentence Structure: Complex
With one independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses
E.g. Other heroes who read the works of
Rizal heeded his call.
Rizal has more recognition than any other
hero.
What matters most is that we love at all.
When younger generations remember Dr.
Rizal, they think of their own simple ways to
become modern-day heroes.
Sentence Fragments-Groups of words
punctuated and capitalized as a sentence
E.g. Irritated by the issue.
With the mercy of God.
A place where one can rest.
Run-ons-Two or more sentences capitalized
and punctuated as one.
E.g. The idea is fantastic it must be original.
The guy looks afraid, he may be in trouble.
Misplaced Modifiers-Modifiers placed too
far from the word or words they modify.
E.g. The lake attracted many birds with
gentle waves.
Smashed beyond repair, Rob saw his watch
lying on the court. 

Squinting Modifiers-Modifiers placed in the

middle causing confusion
E.g. She said quietly they cried.
I tell them before they leave they should
pray.

Dangling Modifiers-Modifiers modifying a

word that is not in the sentence
E.g. Driving through the desert at night, the
cactuses looked eerie.
Looking at the stars, a meteor flashed
across the sky.

Faulty Parallelism-Sentence with parts in

series or in comparison which are not of
equal appearance or structure

E.g. The qualities of a good scout are

loyalty, honesty, and being brave.
Who I am and my choices truly matter.
Giving an oral presentation can require
more preparation than to write a term
paper.

Change or inconsistency in subject,

number, tense, and voice
E.g. If a person works hard, you can
accomplish a great deal.
If a student does not understand a problem,
they should consult the teacher.
The girls went to the mall, but the boys stay
in the house.
As we looked out over the ocean, ships
could be seen from a distance.

Prepared by:
Mrs. Jennifer P. Santillan