Le Duc Anh-GCS18856

Content
▪ 1.Explain server technologies(slides 3,4)
▪ 1.2 Management services associated with hosting(slides 5,6)
▪ P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how
domain names are organised and managed.(slide 7 to 15)

▪ P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols,

server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to
designing, publishing and accessing a website.(slide 16 to 20)
▪ P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-
end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and
application layers.(slide 21 to 23)

▪ P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom
built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User
Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI). (slide 24 to 28)
1.Explain server technologies
▪Server Definition
A server is a computer equipped with specific programs and/or hardware that
enables it to offer services to other computers (clients) on its network. There
are different types and capabilities of servers. Think about transportation. We
can think of transportation as anything that can move something or someone
from one location to the other.
Explain server technologies and management services associated with
hosting and managing websites:
▪Web Server:
Web server means the web server, which is a mainframe connected to an
extended computer network. The server contains all the data for which it is
authorized to manage. Each server has its own IP and can read a variety of
languages such as HTML, HTM, File, ... The server has a large capacity and
very high speed to be able to store and operate data stores on the internet well.
Through the separate communication port of each server, the computer system
is able to operate more smoothly. The server must ensure continuous operation
to be able to provide data to its computer network.
▪ Application Server
The Application Server - the Application Server, also known as the App Server -
is a program that controls all application activities between users and the
bottom-level applications of an enterprise organization or databases. Whether.
Typical application services are typically used for basic transactional conjugate
applications. To support high requirements, an application service must have
redundancy within it, control for high visibility, high-level presentation,
distribution of application services, and support for physical access links.
database.
1.2 Management services associated with
hosting:
▪1.2 Management services associated with hosting:

Managed hosting is an IT provisioning model in which a service

provider leases dedicated servers and associated hardware to a
single customer and manages those systems on the customer's
behalf. In managed hosting, customers can rent equipment such
as dedicated server, storage and network hardware; operating
systems; and system software. The customer usually has
administrative access to the leased systems yet rarely uses it,
instead opting to interact with the system through a web-based
interface.
P1: The purpose and types of DNS, including
explanations on how domain names are organised and
managed

1.1.The purpose of DNS is an acronym in English of the Domain Name

System, which is a name resolution system invented in 1984 for the Internet,
only a system that allows the corresponding setting between IP address and
domain name. Domain Name System (DNS) is a system of naming order for
computers, services, or any resources involved in the Internet. It links a
variety of information to domain names assigned to participants. Most
importantly, it translates meaningful domain names for people into identifiers
(binary), linked to network equipment for the purposes of locating and
addressing devices around the world.
Function of DNS each Website:
The main function of DNS is to translate domain names into IP Addresses,
which computers can understand. It also provides a list of mail servers which
accept Emails for each domain name. Each domain name in DNS will
nominate a set of name servers to be authoritative for its DNS records.
Domain Name System – DNS:

DNS has an IP search job, DNS is an essential part of the

internet, it can identify various vulnerabilities when accessing.
What kind of type DNS :
All DNS servers fall into one of four categories: Recursive resolver, root name
server, TLD name server, and authoritative name servers. In a normal DNS
lookup (when there is no caching available), these four DNS servers work in
harmony to complete the task of providing an IP address for a specified domain
for the client (the client is usually primitive solver - a simple solver built into an
operating system)
▪ 1 Recursive resolver:
The recursive solver (also known as a DNS receiver) is the first stop in DNS
queries. The recursive resolver acts as a middleman between the client and the
DNS name server. After receiving the DNS query from the web client, the
recursive resolver responds with the data stored in the cache or sends the
request to the nameserver, followed by another request to the nameserver.
TLD and then a final request to the authoritative nameservers. After receiving
the response from the authoritative name server containing the requested IP
address, the recursive resolver will send the response to the client.
▪ 2.Root name server:
The 13 DNS root nameservers are known to every recursive resolver, and they are
the first stop in a recursive resolver’s quest for DNS records. A root server accepts
a recursive resolver’s query which includes a domain name, and the root
nameserver responds by directing the recursive resolver to a TLD nameserver,
based on the extension of that domain (.com, .net, .org, etc.). The root
nameservers are overseen by a nonprofit called the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
▪ 3.TLD nameserver:
The TLD nameserver maintains information for all domains that share a common
domain name extension, such as .com, .net or anything that comes after the final
dot in the url. For example, the TLD .com domain host contains information for
every website ending in '.com'. If the user is searching google.com, after receiving
a response from the root name server, the recursive resolver will send a query to
the TLD .com domain name server, which will respond by pointing to the
nameserver for that domain name.The management of the TLD name server is
handled by the assigned Digital Allocation Authority (IANA), an affiliate of ICANN.
IANA divides TLD servers into two main groups:
Generic top-level domain names: These are country-specific domain names, some
of the most commonly known TLDs include .com, .org, .net, .edu and .gov.
Country code top-level domain names: They include any domain names specific to
a country or state. Examples include .uk, .us, .ru and .jp.
▪ 4 Authoritative name servers:
When a recursive resolver receives a response from a TLD nameserver, that
response will direct the resolver to an authoritative nameserver. The
authoritative nameserver is usually the resolver’s last step in the journey for an
IP address. The authoritative nameserver contains information specific to the
domain name it serves (e.g. google.com) and it can provide a recursive
resolver with the IP address of that server found in the DNS A record, or if the
domain has a CNAME record (alias) it will provide the recursive resolver with
an alias domain, at which point the recursive resolver will have to perform a
whole new DNS lookup to procure a record from an authoritative nameserver
(often an A record containing an IP address). Cloudflare DNS distributes
authoritative nameservers, which come with Anycast routing to make them
more reliable.
Managed DNS servers:
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the Internet's system that converts human
readable domain names into digital IP addresses and vice versa. For example,
when a Web address (URL) is entered in the browser, the DNS server returns the
IP address of the Web server associated with that name. In this created example,
DNS converts a URL like www.company.com, into an IP address, for example
192.168.8.51.
Some of the businesses that offer Managed DNS services include:
▪ Dyn
▪ Cloudflare
▪ Amazon Route 53
▪ Cloud DNS
▪ UltraDNS
▪ Verisign Managed DNS
▪ Neustar UltraDNS
▪ Akamai
DNS Protection:
DNS protection is the concept of protecting the entire DNS service, sometimes
focusing on security. DNS protection can be divided into approximately two
categories: protecting the DNS service itself and protecting the entire security
posture. DNS protection is not an industry standard term; Depending on the
context, it may mean different things to different people
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols,
server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to
designing, publishing and accessing a website.

▪ The Web Communication Protocols:

A variety of secure communication standards that use public key technology
have been developed, including Hypertext Transfer Protocol (SHTTP), IP
Security (IPSec), PPTP, and L2TP. The leading general-purpose, secure web
communication protocols are SSL 3.0 and the open TLS protocol that is based
on SSL.
Kind of server hardware :
▪ Tower server
The tower looks very similar to desktop. If you don't care about space, you can
store more drives and more hardware into a tower. However if you are
considering scalability and future scalability, space may become a constraint
with a tower server.
▪ Server rack
The rack is designed to accommodate multiple servers and is specifically
designed to fit into small spaces. They are often stacked, which makes cooling
devices difficult but a big plus when it comes to scalability. In addition, the
stacking model helps to consolidate network resources and minimize floor
space requirements.
▪ Blade server
Although blade servers are similar to rack servers in design, they are thinner
and also cost more than back servers. A blade server is a server frame that
contains many thin EC module boards, called server blades. Each blade is
actually a server, usually dedicated to an application. Server blades literally
mean servers on the card that contain the processor, memory, integrated
network controller, and other input / output (IO) ports.
Operating Systems for Web
Servers
▪ There are 2 types of operating systems commonly used for web servers,
Windows and Linux/Unix.
When it comes to shared web hosting, the differences between Linux and Unix
clones are not anything you should worry about. But there are major
differences between Windows and Linux/Unix servers. Not only in available
technologies, but also in price, performance and security.
▪ Windows
If you use an Asp.NET, MS SQL, or Access database, you need to host
Windows because those technologies are not available on other platforms.
Support for traditional Asp is better on Windows and ColdFusion storage is
most common on Windows servers, although ColdFusion runs as well as on
Linux.On the other hand, Windows servers are more exposed to viruses and
hacker attacks. Windows hosting is also more expensive and Windows servers
tend to crash a bit more frequently. Windows also consumes more server
resources than Linux, resulting in fewer hosting accounts per server and higher
price.
▪ Linux
With Linux, you get a stable server platform with high security and no
virus threats. Linux is free and doesn't take up as many server
resources as Windows, so hosting Linux is cheaper. You have a good
choice of scripting language (most are also supported by Windows
servers). The most popular database solution for Linux is MySQL,
which is also open source and works very well. PostGreSQL is on its
way to Windows, but not quite there yet. And with a great selection of
free online resources, Linux hosting is the best choice for most self-
taught webmasters and businesses.
Although ASP is supported on Linux platforms, it is said to be less
stable than on Windows servers.
The conclusion is that Linux hosting is probably your best option if you
don't need any technology that is only supported (or better supported)
on Windows servers.
Web Server Software :
▪ This section describes the most popular Web server programs in use today:
Apache HTTP Server, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), and Sun
Java System Web Server (JSWS) (often called by its former names, Sun
ONE, iPlanet Enterprise Server, and Netscape Enterprise Server). These
popularity rankings were accumulated through surveys done by Netcraft, a
networking consulting company in Bath, England, known throughout the
world for its Web server survey
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end
website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and
application layers.

▪ Front-end and back-end are terms for the beginning and end stages of a
process. This concept is often used in the field of software development.In
software design, the front-end is a part of the software system, interacting
directly with the user. Specifically, that is the system of user interfaces (GUIs)
and user-side programming.

▪ The back-end (the programming on the server) consists of components for

processing information from the front-end. Usually refers to the interaction
with the DBMS (data management system).
▪ Front-end:
The front-end part of a web page is the user interaction part. Everything you
see when navigating the Internet, from fonts, colors to drop-down menus and
sliders, is a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript controlled by a
browser. count your.

▪ Skills and tools

Front-end developers are responsible for the look and feel of a website and the
architecture of the user experience. To achieve those goals, front-end
developers must master the three main languages: HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript programming language. In addition to being fluent in those
languages, front-end developers need to be familiar with frameworks like
Bootstrap, Foundation, Backbone, AngularJS, and EmberJS, to ensure the
content is always displayed well on all different devices. , and libraries like
jQuery and LESS, encapsulate the code into a form that saves time and is
more useful. A lot of front-end developer work also requires experience with
Ajax, a technique widely used by using JavaScript to allow pages to load
automatically by loading server data in the background.
▪ Back-End

But what makes the front-end of a website work? Where will all the data be
stored? That's the back end's work. The back end of a web page consists of a
server, an application, and a database. A back-end developer builds and
maintains the technology that powers those components, allowing the user
interface of the site to exist.

▪ Skills and tools

To make server, application, and database interoperable, back-end developers

use server-side languages like PHP, Ruby, Python, Java, and .Net to build an
application, and tools like MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server to search, store, or
change data and serve it back to the user in the front-end. Back-end developer
jobs also often require experience with PHP frameworks such as Zend,
Symfony, and CakePHP; have experience with version management software
such as SVN, CVS, or Git; and experience with Linux in system development
and deployment.
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom
built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User
Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).

▪ Online website creation tool :

Online website builders typically require customers to sign up with the web
hosting company. Some companies provide examples of fully functional
websites made with their website builder. The range of services varies
anywhere between creating basic personal web pages or social network
content to making complete business and e-commerce websites, either
template based or, on the more flexible platforms, totally design free. The main
advantage of an online website builder is that it is quick and easy to use, and
often does not require prior experience.[4] Often, a website can be built and be
up and running live on the Internet quickly. Technical support is usually
provided, as are how-to video and help files. Though there are many general
websites builders you can easily find an online website builder created
especially for a specific niche (dating, medical etc.) with features needed for
this niche.
THE VALUE OF CUSTOM-BUILT SITES:
Your branding will be much stronger when a site is designed to fit you, rather
than trying to get a template to fit your brand. So the single most important
point about a custom-built website is that your site is designed and built to
specifically to support your established brand in a consistent way. Your
branding will be much stronger when a site is designed to fit you, rather than
trying to get a template to fit your brand.
 UI concept

▪ UI stands for User Interface meaning user interface. In the simplest terms, the
UI includes everything that users can see such as: web colors, how the layout
is organized, what fonts / web fonts use, attractive web images. or not,...
▪ In design, the UI acts as the element that conveys the message from the
designer, service provider, and product to the user. More simply, the designer
acts as a programmer or builder so anyone can understand and use their
product.
▪ For example: As a carpenter when you build a bed, the product you make first
must be like a bed, can't the bed be like a table, right? Well, here UI is
similarly understood.
 UX concept

▪ UX stands for User Experience, meaning user experience. Simply put, UX is

user reviews when using the product. such as: Is your website or App easy to
use, is it possible to arrange such a layout? Did the product achieve its
intended purpose?
▪ UX Designer, also known as UX Designer. UX Designer will research and
evaluate the habits and ways that customers use and then evaluate about
certain website / App products. Usage and evaluation here are simply issues:
ease of use, usability, and efficiency when the system operates.
▪ For example: Currently you are viewing this article on the website
Tatthanh.com.vn, you are looking for some information and knowledge about
the website, but if Tat Thanh inserts too many ads, it affects you. When it
comes to finding your information, distracting you, it can be said that UX or
user experience on Tatthanh.com.vn is not good. Therefore, Tat Thanh
always tries to balance UI / UX so readers can get the best experience on
Tatthanh.com.vn website.
 References:

▪ https://tatthanh.com.vn/ui-ux-la-gi [Accessed 15 Feb. 2020].

▪ https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-serverdefinition-lesson-quiz.html
[Accessed 15 Feb. 2020].
▪ https://searchitchannel.techtarget.com/definition/managed -hosting [Accessed
15 Feb. 2020].
▪ https://dealna.com/en/Article/Post/1391/Three-Types-ofServer-Hardware
[Accessed 15 Feb. 2020].
▪ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website_builder [Accessed 15 Feb. 2020].
▪ https://www.keycdn.com/blog/back-end-vs-front-end [Accessed 15 Feb.
2020].