PHOTOGRAPHY DEFINITIONS:

PIXELS: Pixel is the smallest unit of programmable color represented on a digital

display. Despite common photography myths, the number of pixels is not the
determining factor on how good a camera is.
IMAGE RESOLUTIONS: Resolution refers to the number of pixels in
an image. Resolution is sometimes identified by the width and height of the image as
well as the total number of pixels in the image. For example, an image that is 2048
pixels wide and 1536 pixels high (2048 x 1536) contains (multiply) 3,145,728 pixels
(or 3.1 Megapixels).
MEGABYTE: a unit of information equal to 220 bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.
MEGAPIXEL: a unit of graphic resolution equivalent to one million or (strictly)
1,048,576 (220) pixels.
"a 3.2-megapixel camera"
GIGABYTE: a unit of information equal to one billion (10 9) or, strictly, 230 bytes.
JPEG: a format for compressing image files.
RAW: A camera RAW image is an unprocessed photograph captured with a
digital camera. It contains the raw image data captured by the camera's sensor
(or CCD), saved in proprietary file format specific to the camera manufacturer. ...
Because Camera RAW files are uncompressed, they take up more space than
typical JPEG images.
TIFF: a format for image files
PNG: Portable Network Graphics) is a file format used for lossless image
compression. ... A PNG file is not intended to replace the JPEG format, which is
"loss" but lets the creator make a trade-off between file size and image quality
when the image is compressed.
WHITE BALANCE: the color balance on a digital camera.
HSTOGRAM: A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values of your
image. In other words, it shows the amount of tones of particular brightness
found in your photograph ranging from black (0% brightness) to white (100%
brightness).
APETURE: an opening, hole, or gap
SHUTTER SPEED: the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting
DEPTH OF FIELD: the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that
give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.
APERTURE PRIORITY: an exposure system used in some automatic cameras in
which the user selects the aperture and the appropriate shutter speed is
controlled automatically.
SHUTTER PRIORITY: a system used in some automatic cameras in which the user
selects the shutter speed and the camera then sets the appropriate aperture.
BITMAP: a representation in which each item corresponds to one or more bits of
information, especially the information used to control the display of a computer
screen.
EXPOSURE: the action of exposing a photographic film to light or other radiation.
WATERMARKING: mark with a watermark.
OPTICAL ZOOM: Optical zoom uses lenses to magnify a far-off image. It's
possible to find cameras priced under $150 with lenses that zoom by a factor of
10X; and zoom ranges of 30X and even 60X are becoming common. However, if
you read the product description for these cameras, you'll often see a second,
even bigger, zoom number.
DIGITALZOOM: Digital zoom is a method of decreasing the apparent angle of
view of a digital photographic or video image. Digital zoom is accomplished by
cropping an image down to a centered area with the same aspect ratio as the
original, and usually also interpolating the result back up to the pixel dimensions
of the original.
BRACKETING: establish (the correct exposure) by taking several pictures with
slightly more or less exposure.
LIGHT METER: an instrument for measuring the intensity of light, used chiefly to
show the correct exposure when taking a photograph.
IMGE STABILIZATION: With optical image stabilization, part of the lens physically
moves to counteract any camera movement when you take the picture; if your
hands are shaking, an element inside the lens shakes too to counter the
movement.
NOISE: In digital photographs, “noise” is the commonly-used term to describe
visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also
look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin
a photograph. Noisetends to get worse when you're shooting in low light.
LAG TIME: Lag time is simply the time between when you press the shutter
button and when the camera actually takes the photo. ... Lag time is a result of
what your camera does when you press the shutter button.
HOT SHOE: A hotshoe (sometimes written “hot shoe”) is a metal bracket on top of
your camera with electrical contacts where an external device (such as a
speedlight) can be connected. Most DSLRs come equipped with a hotshoe while
compact cameras do not. The foot of an external flash unit slides into the bracket
of the hotshoe.
FISHEYE: A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual
distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image. ... Mass-
produced fisheye lenses for photography first appeared in the early 1960s and
are generally used for their unique, distorted appearance.
MACRO: Macro photography is a kind of photography. Macro photography is
about photographing objects that are very close to the lens, the film or the
sensor. Using the classic definition, in macro photography the image shown on
the film plane (or sensor) is nearly as big as the object photographed.
TELEPHOTO: A telephoto lens, in photography and cinematography, is a specific
type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than
the focal length.
WIDE ANGLE: In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a
lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal
lens for a given film plane. ... In cinematography, a lens of roughly twice the
diagonal is considered "normal".
DSLR: Digital Single Lens Reflex) A digital still image camera that uses a single
lens reflex (SLR) mechanism. Most professional cameras were analog single
lens reflex until digital SLRs emerged in the early 1990s.
DIAMIC RANGE: The dynamic range of the subject is a measure of the range of
light intensities from the shadows to the highlights. In low light conditions
the dynamic range(that is the difference between the darkest and the latest part
of the subject) is quite small.
DIGITAL NEGATIVE: is an imaging specification that provides for long-term
storage of digital photographs generated in multiple proprietary formats. ... The
images that a digital camera originally generates are known as raw image files.
Each camera manufacturer has its own proprietary raw image file format.
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION: is used to alter exposure from the value selected by
the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the
camera automatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not
always produce the exposure the photographer intended.