Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Marcos National High School
MAIN CAMPUS
School ID 30020
Marcos, Ilocos Norte

PORTFOLIO IN DISCIPLINE IN APPLIED

SOCIAL SCIENCE

Submitted to: Ms. Mayleen G. Mabbagu

Teacher

Submitted by: Joshua T. Gaddi

SOCIAL SCIENCE

 It is a mojor category of academic discipline, concerned with society and the relationship among
individual within a society.
 Is the study of human relation
 Is the study of activities of social and physical environment

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

 -Applied social sciences are those social science disciplines, professions and occupations which
seek to use basic social science research and theory to improve the daily life of communities,
organizations and persons.

COUNSELING

 Art/science of endeavour to weigh the objective and subjective facts of counselling process.
 Happens when a person distressed ask help and permit another person to enter into a kind of
connection with him or her.

Informal Helping

 Kin with formal helping in some ways such as presence of good listening skills empathy and
carrying capacity.

Formal Helping

 Going to a licensed counselor.

Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004

 A law that is profession

Goal of counseling

1.Development Goals

 Assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and development including social,
personal, emotional, cognitive and physical wellness.

2.Preventive Goals

 Helps the client avoid some undesired outcome

3.Enhancement Goals

 Enhance especial skills and abilities

4.Remedial Goals

 Assisting the client to overcome and treat an undesirables development

5.Exploratory Goals

 Examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities etc.

6.Reinforcement Goals

 Helps clients in recognizing that what they are doing thinking and feeling is fine.

7.Cognitive Goals

 Involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills.

8.Physiological Goals

 Involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health.

9.Psychological Goals

 Aids in developing good social interaction skills learning emotional control anf developing
positive self-concept.

Enhance Goals
 GOAL DESCRIPTION

1.Insight -Understanding of the origins and development of emotional difficulties

leading to an increased capacity to yake rational control over feelings and
actions

2.Relating with others -Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationship with other people for example within the family or workplace

3.Self-awareness -Becoming more aware pf thoughs and feelings that had been blocked off or
denied or developing.

4.Self-acceptance --The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by an ability to

acknowledge areas of experience.

5.Self-actualization -Moving in the direction full filing potential

6.Enlightenment -Assisting the client to be enlighten

7.Problem Solving -Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been able to
solve.

8.Physiological Education -Ti acquire ideas and techniques.

9.Aquisition of Social -Mastering social and interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact.
Science

10.Cognitive Change -Modification or replacement of irrational beliefs.

11.Behavior Change -Replacement or maladaptive or self destructive patterns of behavior

12.Systematic Change -Change into the way in the social system operate.

13.Empowerment -Working on skills, awareness and knowledge that will enable 6o client tk
take control of his or her own life.

Scope od CoCounseling

Licensed Professional Counselors

 compromising of application of clinical counseling principles, methods or procedures.

Counselors role kin systematically assisting clients:

 assesing and analysing emotional conditions

  exploring possible solutions and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
emotional adjustment or development
 it may include counseling, appraisal, consulting supervision, administration and referral.

Core Values

1.Respect for human dignity 5.Personal integrity

2.Partnership 6. Social Justice

3.Autonomy

4.Responsible caring

Principles

1.Reassurance

2.Release of emotional tention

3.Clarified thinking

4.Reorientation

5.Listening skills

6.Respect

7.Empathy and positive regard

8.Clarification, confrontation and interpretation

9.Transference and countertransference

General Moral Theories

 The BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice, drawing on virtues, perspective also identified a
set of personal qualities that all practitioners should possess empathy, sincerity, integrity,
resilience, competence, fairness wisdom and caurage.

Roles and functions of Counseling

According to Gibson ant Mitchell (2002) a helping profession is composed of members "who are specially
trained and licensed to perform a unique service for fellow human beings".

1.Individual Assessment - Seeks to identify the characteristics and potential of every client.

2.Individual Counseling - It is a client centered process that demand confidentiality.

3.Group Counseling and Guidance - Groups are means of providing organised and planned assistance.

4.Career Assistance - Career planning and adjustments assistance to clients.

5.Placements and Follow-Up - School counseling programs emphasis and educational replacements in
course.

6. Referral- helping the clients find needed expert assistance that the referring counseling provide.

7.Consultation - Helping a client through a third party.

8. Research - It is necessary to advance the profession of counseling.

9.Evaluation and Accountability

 Evaluation - is means od assesing the effectiveness of counselors activities.

 Accountability- is an out growth of demand that the schools and other tax-supported,
institutions be held accountable for their action.

10. Prevention- promotion of mental health though primary prevention using social-psychological
perspective.

Competencies of Counselors

Mcleod (2003)

1.Interpersonal Skills- counselors who are competent display ability to listen communicate; empathise;
be present; aware of non verbal communication; sensitive to voice quality; responsive to expressions of
emotion, turntaking structure of time and use of language.

2.Personal beliefs and Attitude - counselors have the capacity to accept others belief in potential of
change, awareness of ethical and mor choices and sensitive to values held by client and itself.

3.Conceptual Ability- counselors have yhe ability to understand and assess clients problem; to anticipate
future problems make sense of immediate terms of wider conceptual schedule to remember information
about the client.
4.Personal Soundness- counselor musy have irrational beliefs that are destructive to counseling
relationships; self confidence, capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation tk the
clients, secure personal boundaries, ability to be client; ethnocentrism and authoritarianism.

5.Mastery of Techniques- counselors must have a knowledge of when and how to carry out specific
interventions, ability to assess effectiveness of the interventions understanding the rationale behind
techniques possession of wide repertoire of intervention.

6.Ability to understand and work within social system - this would be compromise of awareness of family
and work relationships of client; the impact of agency on the clients; the capacity to use support
networks and supervision; sensitivity to client from different gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation or age
group.

7.Openness to learning and inquiry- counselors must havr the capacity to be obvious about clients
backgrounds and problems; being open to new knowledge.

Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialisation of Counselors

1.Marriage and family Counseling - refers to the efforts to establish an encauraging relationship with
couple or family and appreciate the complication in the family system.

2.Child and Adolescent Counseling - is a developing area kf expertise in counseling profession.

3.Group Counseling - is the dynamic field in the counseling profession. Groups Counseling as a practice
can be located in most counseling programs and became the essential part of counselors system.

4.Career Counseling - is an evolving and challenging counseling field. This type of counseling aids
individual on decision and planning concerning their career.

5.School Counseling - refers to yhe process of reaching out students with concerns on drugs, family and
peers or gang involvement.

6.Mental Health Counseling- is manifested in the challenges posed by its clientele with mental disorders.

Rights and Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Counselors

 Code of ethics help counselors to remind them of their rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities in the counseling profession. The rights responsibilities and accountabilities of
the counselors are based on the counselors associations of Code Conduct.

A. Counseling Relationships

B. Confidentiality

C. Professional Responsibilities
D. Relationship with other professionals

E. Evaluation, Assessment and Interpretation

F. Teaching, Training and Supervision

G. Research and Publication (Gladding 2002)

The Counseling Relationship

1.Client Welfare - Counselors primary responsibility is to respect the dignity and promote the welfare of
clients.

2.Respecting Diversity - Counselors do not engage in discrimination.

3.Client Rights - Counselors shall disclose the purpose, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations,
potential risks, benefits of the service to be performed and other pertinent information to the client
through the counseling process.

4.Clients serve by others - In ease where the client is receiving service from another mental mental
health professional.

5.Personal Needs and values - Maintain the clients and avoid actions that seek tkmk meet their personal
needs at the expense of the clients.

6.Dual Relationships- Counselors are aware of their influential position over their clients avoid the
exploiting the trust and dependency of the clients.

7.Sexual Intimacies with Clients - Counselors should not have any type of sexual intimacies with clients
and do not counsel persons with whom they havr sexual relationship.

8.Multiple Clients - Incase where counselors agree to provide counseling service to two or more person
who have a relationship.

9.Group Work- Counselors screen prospective group counseling/therapy participants to determine those
with compatible needs.

10.Fees - Prior to entering the counseling relationships, the counselors clearly explain the clients all
financial arrangements related to professional fees.

Confidentiality

1.Right to Privacy - Counselors respect a clients right to privacy and avoid illegal unwanted disclosures of
unwanted information.
2.Group and Families- In group work counselors clearly define confidentiality and parameters for the
specific group being entered explain its importance and discuss difficulties related to confidentiality
involved in group work.

3.Minor Incompetent Client - when counseling clients who are minors or individuals who are enable to
give voluntary, informed consent, parents or guardians may be included in the counseling process or
appropriate.

4.Records - Counselors maintain necessary records for rendering professional service to their clients and
as required by laws, regulations, or agency or institution procedures.

5.Research and Training - Use of data derived from counseling relationships for purpose of training
research or publication is confined to content that is disquised to ensure the anonymity of the
individuals involved

6.Consultation - Information obtained in consultating relationship is discussed for professional purpose

only with persons clearly concerned with the case.

Professional Responsibility

1.Standards Knowledge -Counselors have a responsibility to need understand, and follow the Code of
Ethics and Standards of Practice.

2.Professional Competence - Counselors practice only within the boundaries ot their competence based
on their education training supervised experience, state and national professional credentials and
appropriate professional experience.

Counseling and Its Clientele and Audience

-The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come from different settings.

 People who abuse drugs - drug abuse is not just harmful to our physical health but ounmr
mental health as well.
 People who use Tabacco - slowly our population recognise the bad effects of tabacco to our
health
 People who abused alcohol - alcoholism is seen as a disease alcoholics find if difficult to stop
drinking on their own.
 Women - most men still have less participation in household responsibilities and child care.
 Older Adults - a transition froma busy life to retirement stage must be instituted.
 People with AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been labelled as the most
feared disease due to its incurability.
  Victims of Abuse- this population represents victims of domestic violence characterised by
spouse and child abuse
 Gay Men and Lesbian Women - they are usually the victims of harassment, violence,
discrimination and isolation.

Counseling and Its Work settings

a. Counselors in School - has grown rapidly. According to Gibson and Mitchell (2003) counselors are
recognised especially in the preventions and development stage.
b. Counselors in the Community Setting - refers to employment in community agency and other
non-school professional situations.
c. Counselors in the Private Sectors - refers to the counselors who decided to do full time work as
private practitioners or engage in part time private practice while employed by community
agencies.
d. Counselors in the Government - counselors are also present in various agencies of government
or institutions supported by the government that are into social welfare and education.

Stages in Counseling Process

1.Stage One : Relationship building

- This is the heart of counseling process because if provides the force and foundation for yhe counseling
to succeed.

2.Stage Two : Assessment and Diagnosis

- One of the most crucial stages

3.Stage Three : Formulation of Counseling Goals

- Goals are important as it sets the direction of the counseling process.

4.Stage Four : Intervention and Problem Solving

- Kofner and Buseneyer identified the six model of problem solving.

5.Stage Five : Termination and Follow up

- The essential goal in counseling is to witness a client progress on his or her own without the assistance
of the counselor.

6.Stage Six :Research and Evaluation

- This stage can be undertaken at any point in the counseling stage.

Methods in Counseling

1.Classic Theories - The psychological theories development by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Alter, and Carl
Jung are considered as the classic schools for the reason that they primed the underpinning of clinical
practice.

A. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - The approach of Freud in counseling and psychotherapy is popular
known as psychoanalysis which is an analysis of the mind.

Psychoanalysis has three Goals

1.to help clients to gain insights about themselves

2. to help clients work unstuck issues

3.to help clients cope with the stress of the society

The following techniques can be used:

1.Free Association - a method to encourage the patient to discuss whatever comes to his mind in order
to release suppressed emotion.

2. Dream Analysis - a method to explore unconscious process using dreams.

3.Confrontation and Clarification - a form of feedback procedure for patients to become aware of what is
happening to him or her and to determine areas further analysis.

4.Interpretation - a process of giving insights to patients about their inner conflicts which can be
reflection in resistance, transference and other process.

B. Adlers Individual Psychology - The approach od Adler in counseling and psychological functioning.

Adlerian Counseling focuses on four Goals :

1.establishments and maintenance of egalitarian insight.

2.analysis of clients lifestyle

3.Interpretation of clients lifestyle in a way that promotes insight

4.reorientation and reeducation of the client with accompanying behaviour change

Adlerian techniques can be exploited in four phases of Adlerian Psychotherapy

>First Phase :Establishing the Relationship

-Use of listening skills

-Winning respect and offering hope

-Encouragement

>Second Phase : Performing analysis and Assessment

-Lifestyle analysis

-Dream analysis maybe used to conduct lifestyle analysis

>Third Phase: Promoting Insight

-Insight Process

>Fourth Phase Reorientation

-Spitting in the clients Soup

-The push botton techniques

-Acting as if

- Task setting and commitment

C. Jung's analytic Psychology - The counseling and psychology approach of Jung is referred to as
psychology.

2. Experimental Theories - If falls under the effective theories which one concerned about generating
impact on the emotions of client to effect change (Reyes and Perl)

A. Roger's Person - Centered Counseling - It has been described as the "if then" approach.

The following conditions were formulated by Roger:

1.Counselor Congruence

2.Empathic Understanding

3.Unconditional Positive Regard

B. Pearl's Gestalt Therapy - It to uses on her and now. Dralogue of therapist and Client.

Gestalt's technique including the following:

-Assuming Responsibility - I take responsibility for it

-Using Personal Pronouns- I or me instead of "our of us"

-Now I am Aware - Clients touch with himself /herself

-The Empty Chair Technique - Client helps in conflict parts

3.Cognitive behavioral Theories

A. Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Rebt Techniques:

>Emotive Techniques - affective or emotional domain

>Behavioral Techniques - full array of behavioural methods

>Cognitive - reforming ideas that are reasonable

B. Bek's Cognitive Therapy

>Decatastropyzing- "what if"

>Decentering - "center of attention"

>Redefining - rearticulating on obstacles

>Behavioural Techniques - applies method to assist client

C. Berne's Transactional Analysis

-Refer to Examining and dissecting transactions between people

Techniques

>Structural Analysis - "there ego"

>Transactional Analysis - "learn to communicate with complementary transactions"

>Script Analysis - "type of life script the client has develop and learn it can be written"

>Analysis of Games - "what games the client"

SOCIAL WORK

 Existence of helping methods and humanitarian assistance since civilisation

 Strives to find meaning and significance
 Debates on the fundamental issues of social work

Issues on Social Work

Whether social work is for everyone or special populations?

 Appropriateness of social workers as agents of social control.

 Nature of relationship of social workers to employers.
 Knowledge and skills required in generalist and specialist practice.

Social Work

- Social worker must be involved not only with the people but also with the society factors thay
contributed to the problem.

Four Areas of Consideration in Social Work

Morales and Sheafor (1983)

1. Social worker is concerned with enabling or facilitating change.

2. Social worker helps people or institutions to enhance social functioning.
3. Applying the social system theory social worker is a profession that helps people to interact
more with the social environment.
4. Social worker must have handles in fortifying and securing the necessary resources to attain the
goals of the client.

Definion os social Work

1. Social work as a professional activity of helping individuals (National Association of Social

Worker)
2. Social work as a field within human service and a part of service of the government (United
Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organisation, 200)
3. Social work is a practice based and academic discipline that promotes change and social
dedevelopment (International Federation of Social Worker)
4. Social work as a practical profession designed at helping people address their prproblems.
(Australian Association of Social Worker)
 5. Social Work profession promotes social change problem solving human relationship,
employment of people to enhance wewell-beig. (IASSW anfd IFSW, 2004)
6. Social work as a profession which concerned about personals adjustment to environment.
(Mendoza, 2002)
7. Social work as an Applied Social Science of helping people achieve effective level of psychosocial
functioning.

Scope of Social Work

 Child development
 Medical Social Work
 Local Social Work
 International Social Work
 Social Work as an Communication Organiser
 Administrative anf Management
 Social work in acute Psychiatry Hospital

Scope of Social Work

 Social work as a Primary Discipline

a. Adoption and Service to unmarried parents
b. Foster Care - Removing children from homes
c. Residential Care - Group care home or a residential treatment care
d. Support in own home - Support service to keep children in home
e. Protective Service - Protecting the child from abuse, maltreatment by parents
f. Family seservice - Family counseling, Family life education and Family Planning
g. Income Maintenance - Public assistance, Social Insurance and Other forms

 Social Work as an Equal Partner

a. Support to people in their own homes program - helping older people remain in their homes
b. Support for people in the long term care facilities - Refers ot nursing homes
c. Community Service - Community organization activities

 Social Work as a Secondary Discipline

a. Correctional Facilities - provide counseling and link them
b. Industry - support to both managers and employees
c. Medical and health care- attend to the social and psycho factors
d. Schools - provision of direct education
Core Values of Social Work

 Council on Social Work Education

1. Right to Self Fulfilment
2. Responsibility to Common Good
3. Responsibility of the Society
4. Right to Satisfy Basic Needs
5. Social Organisations required to facilities individual's of self realization
6. Self realization and contribution to society

Areas of Social Worker

1. Medical and Health Social Worker

 Works in hospital settings and helps navigate the emotional financial and physucal struggles that
a services medical condition can cause an individual family.
 Provides counseling and practical assistance (connecting clients to resources)

2. Psychiatric Social Workers

 Works with disturbed children and obstacles with behavioral problems children with learning
problems.
 Make an assessment of the factors contributing to the problems

3. Child, Family and School Social Worker

 Deals with all sorts of situations such as helping a child who has experience trauma or abuse.
 Helping parents find the right resources for their child who is suffering from a severe mental
illness.

4. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Worker

 Assist individuals who struggle with addiction, substance abuse or mental health problems.
 Provides short and long term solutions for victims and their families.

5.Hospice and Palliative Social Worker

 Help or care for someone who is seriously and terminally ill.

 They help to provide relief from pain; improve quality of life assis with difficult decision making ;
help family and friends of an ill individual.

6. Military and Veterans Social Worker

 Helps both soldier and their families with post traumatic stress, role adjustments, the implication
and stressoes of returning home and any substance abuse they may occur as a result of combat.
Other Specialisations

 Gerontological
 Criminology and Correctional
 Research

Career Opportunities

 Medical and Psychiatric

 Social Workers in Community Development
 Child care and Family Service
 Criminology and Correctional

Clientele and Audience in Social Work

1.Individual as Client of Social Worker - Goes into the micro level of the social system

 Clinical Social Worker

 Practice the goal of enhancement and maintenence of psychosocial functioning of individuals,
families and small groups.
 Methods to the treatment and prevention of:
 Psychosocial Functioning
 Disability impairment
 Emotional and health disorder

2.Social Work with Groups - A method are by Social Workers is called Group Work

 Skills development
 Personal growth through insight
 Enhancement of social functioning
 Achievement of socially desirable good
 Accomplishment of task
 Accomplishing socially desirable porpose

Different Setting fo Social Work

A. Government

 Foster care agencies (children and families)

 Setting that serve older adults (nursing homes)
 Community based clinic and hospitals, schools, federal state or local correctional facilities
B. Private Sector

 Advocacy consultancy services, employee assistance program, counseling policy and program
development.

C. Civil Society

 Child caring and child placing society welfare agencies, offering services fo adoption, offering
adoption, foster care etc.

D. School Public and Private

 The needs of students

E. Community

 LGU's on each barangay, local counsil and peoples organisation

COMMUNICATION

 Survival growth
 Transfer information

Goal

 Lubricant of an organisation

Communication is:

 A two way process

 A exchange thoughts and feelings or ideas
 A mutually accepted goal or direction

Communication includes

 Conferring knowledge anf experience

 Giving advice and commands
 Asking questions

The importance of communication

- Without communication, organizations cannot exist. It is trough communication that the individual
members of the organization will know important concerned

The communication process;

-Communication is a two way process in which a sender reaches a receiver with a message. There ia a
need for a people in organizations to have knowledge of communication process and it is the first step to
make it effective.

 The Sender
- Is a person who makes the attempt to send message to another person

 The Message
- Is a purpose or an idea to be conveyed in a communication event.

How the message is received is influenced by the following factors

1. Clarity of the message

2. Alertness of the receiver
3. Complexity and length of the message
4. How the imformation is organised

Two components of the message

1. The though or the conceptual component of the message:

 This is contained in the words, ideas, symbols and concepts

2. The feeling or emotional component of the message:

 This is contained in tje intensity, force demeanor and gestures

 The Channel
1. Formal - The communication of policies and procedures
2. Informal - Do not follow the choice of command

 The Receiver
- It is the person who received the message
 The Feedback
- How one feels about something another personas said
 The Environment
- Circumstances in which message are transmitted and received
 The Noise
- Refers to anything that disrupts communication including the attitude and emotion of the
receiver
Basic Methods of Interpersonal Communication

1.Verbal Communication - is a major means of sending message

6 Verbal Communication Tips

 Develop your voice - a high voice is not perceived to be one of authority

 Slow down - people will perceive you as nervous and ensure of yourself if you talk fast
 Animate your voice - avoid a monotone and use dynamic
 Enunciate your words - speak clearly and don't mumble
 Use appropriate volume - use a volume that is appropriate
 Pronounce your words correctly - by pronouncing your words correctly it can be more receivable