SOLAR ENERGY

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 SOLAR ENERGY

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 CERTIFICATE
UNIVERSAL COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE (New Delhi) & Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada)
Perecherla (v), Dokiparru-522002, Guntur (Dist), A.P.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “SEMINAR ON SOLAR
ENERGY” is a bonafide work of

B.AVINASH 17NF5A0301

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

degree in “MECHANICAL ENGINEERING” and for the academic
year 2017-2020.This work is done under my supervision and
guidance.

SEMINAR CO ORDINATOR HOD

Dr. D. BALAJI NAIK N.RAMESH

Asst Professor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express our deep gratitude to the
DR. CHINNABATHINI BHAGHYAIAH CHAIRMAN,
UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY for providing the entire infrastructure facilities and
encouragement to easily completion of this seminar.

I thankful to our principal Sri Dr. M.UMA DEVI for providing us

appropriate environment required for the project to complete.

At the same time we express our deep sense of reverence and

profound gratitude to the head of the department Sri N.RAMESH,
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DOKIPARRU for
inspiring all the way and for arranging all the facilities and resources
needed for our seminar.

I thankful to our esteemed guide Sri Dr. D.BALAJI NAIK who has
spared his valuable time and novel ideas to guide as limelight. We are
indebted to his without whom I would not have culminated to
pinnacle of the seminar.

I also thankful to the whole Mechanical Engineering

department for their encouragement and cooperation for the
successful completion of the project. I am also thankful to the friends
who are directly or indirectly helped as in the completion of the
project with flying colours.

With gratitude,

AVINASH BOLLIMUNTHA 17NF5A0301

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 1. ABSTARCT

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-
evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic’s, solar thermal energy, solar
architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized

as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar
energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic
systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive
solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with
favorable thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.

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CONTENTS

S.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

1 ABSTRACT 5

2 HISTORY 8

3 INTRODUCTION 9

4 METHODOLOGY 10

5 PROCEDURES 11-20

6 APPLICATIONS PROCEDURES 21-24

7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 25

8 APPENDICES 25

9 REFERENCE 26

10 BIO DATA OF THE CANDINATE 27

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LIST OF FIGURES
S.NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO
1 HISTORY OF SOLAR ENERGY 8

2 PROCESS CHAIN 10

3 PYRANOMETER 11

4 PYHELIOMETER 12

5 SUN SHINE RECORDER 12

6 FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR 14

7 CYLINDRIAL PARABOLIC COLLECTOR 15

8 PARABOLIC DISH COLLECTOR 16

9 COMPOUND PARABOIC CONCENTRATOR 17

10 SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE 19

11 CENTRAL TOWER RECIVER POWER PLANT 22

12 SOLAR CHIMNEY 23

13 SOLAR COOKER 24

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2. HISTORY

In theory, solar energy was used by humans as early as 7th century B.C. when history tells us
that humans used sunlight to light fires with magnifying glass materials. Later, in 3rd century
B.C., the Greeks and Romans were known to harness solar power with mirrors to light
torches for religious ceremonies. These mirrors became a normalized tool referred to as
“burning mirrors.” Chinese civilization documented the use of mirrors for the same purpose
later in 20 A.D.

Another early use for solar energy that is still popular today was the concept of “sunrooms”
in buildings. These sunrooms used massive windows to direct sunlight into one concentrated
area. Some of the iconic Roman bathhouses, typically those situated on the south-facing side
of buildings, were sunrooms. Later in the 1200s A.D., ancestors to the Pueblo Native
Americans known as the Anasazi situated themselves in south-facing abodes on cliffs to
capture the sun’s warmth during cold winter months.

In the late 1700s and 1800s, researchers and scientists had success using sunlight to power
ovens for long voyages. They also harnessed the power of the sun to produce solar-powered
steamboats. Ultimately, it’s clear that even thousands of years before the era of solar panels,

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the concept of manipulating the power of the sun was a common practice.

2.1

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 3. INTRDUCTION
The sun has always spellbound people. Earlier civilizations used to exemplify sun and
worship it as God. Farming and agriculture practices have always depended upon sunlight for
crop yielding and sustaining populations.

Whenever someone talks about renewable source of energy, the first thing that strikes the
mind is solar energy in the form of blue or black solar cells on rooftops. Sometimes, portable
highway signs are also seen with a small panel. The solar panels or photovoltaic (PV)
modules turn sunlight into electricity. For tens and hundreds of years, these have supported
renewable energy. It was almost a century ago when the Photovoltaic Effect first came into
light. And still, the technology has not been used at a fast pace. When it comes to producing
electricity, photovoltaic’s has been able to gain popularity in recent past only. The first ever
PV modules were released into space in 1958 to power satellites. And solar power is
considered as the main energy source till date at the International Space Station.Even on
earth, PV has been largely used in various areas, wherein no electrical power source is
available, but sunshine is available in abundance. Solar panels are used for different remote
applications such as RVs, boats, powering cabins, and small electronic when there is no grid
service. In fact, grid-interactive solar electric systems are gaining popularity these days for
being an affordable way to use solar electricity in daily lives. It is now possible to make the
most of available solar energy and continue to enjoy the safety net of utility grid.

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4.METHODOLOGY
PROCESS CHAIN

4.1

Solar power is the conversion of sun radiation into electricity through the use

of solar photovoltaic cells. This method of power generation is called solar thermal power
generation. In the second method, solar energy is directly converted into electricity using PV
(or solar) cells 

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 5. PROCEDURES
SOLAR ENERGY MEASUREMENTS
1. PYRANOMETR
A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar
surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m²) from the
hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

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A typical pyranometer does not require any power to operate.

Fig 5.1

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2. PYHELIOMETER
A pyrheliometer is an instrument for measurement of direct beam solar irradiance. Sunlight
enters the instrument through a window and is directed onto a thermopile which converts heat
to an electrical signal that can be recorded. The signal voltage is converted via a formula to
measure watts per square meter.

Fig 5.2
3. SUNSHINE RECORDER
A sunshine recorder is a device that records the amount of sunshine at a given location or
region at any time. The results provide information about the weather and climate as well as
the temperature of a geographical area. This information is useful in meteorology, science,
agriculture, tourism, and other fields

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 Fig 5.3

hhsjs

SOLAR COLLECTORS

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 1.LIQUID
FLAT PLATE
COLLECTIR
NON
CONCENTRAT
ING TYPE 2.FLAT-PLATE
AIR
-HEATING
COLLCTOR
CYLINDRICAL
PARABOLIC
CONCENTRAT
OR
3.1LINE
FOCUS
SOLAR
FIXED
COLLECTORS MIRROR
CONCENTRAT
OR
3.FOCUS TYPE

PARABOLOID
AL DISH
3.2POINT COLLECTOR
FOCUS
CONCENTRAT
IG TYPE
CENTRAL
TOWER
RECEVIER
4.1 MODIFIED
FLATBPLATE
4.NON FOCUS COLLECTOR
TYPE

4.2
COMPOUND
PARABOLIC
TYPE

NON –CONCENTRATING TYPE

1. FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

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A flat plate collector is a heat exchanger that converts the radiant solar energy from the sun
into heat energy using the well known greenhouse effect. Also solar flat plate collectors are
more than capable of delivering the necessary quantity of hot water at the required
temperature.

Fig 5.4

CONCENTRATING TYPE
1. FOCUS TYPE (LINE)

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 1.1 CYLINDERICAL PARABOLIC CONCENTRATOR
Cylindrical-parabolic collectors It is formed by curved mirrors, concave channel shaped that
concentrates its radiation over a pipeline that carries oil with high temperatures. This means
they need to reach temperatures above boiling, and then they are used in industrial plants
dedicated to the generation of electricity.

Fig 5.5

2. FOCUS TYPE (POINT)

Parabolic Dish Collector 

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A parabolic dish collector is a concentrating solar collector that is similar in appearance to a
large satellite dish, but has mirror-like reflectors and an absorber at the focal point.
A parabolic reflector (or dish or mirror) is a reflective surface used to collect or project
energy such as light, sound, or radio waves. The parabolic reflector transforms an incoming
plane wave travelling along the axis into a spherical wave converging toward the focus.

Fig 5.6

NON FOCUS TRPE

4.1 Compound Parabolic Concentrator

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A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is defined as a non-imaging-type concentrating
collector where incident solar radiations, after reflection from the reflector, are not
concentrated at a point or line, but simply together on the absorber apparent which does not
produce an image of the light source.

Fig 5.7

SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE METHODS

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Energy can be stored in various forms and the storage methods are classified on the basis of
the form in which it is stored. Some of the important energy storage methods are the
following:
1. Mechanical energy storage
(a)Pumped storage
(b) Compressed air storage
(c) Fly wheel storage
2. Chemical energy storage
(a) Batteries storage
(b) Hydrogen storage
(c) Reversible chemical reactions storage
4.Electromagnectic energy storage
4.Electrostactic energy storage
5. Thermal (heat) energy storage
(a) Sensible heat storage
(b) Latent heat storage
6. Biological storage

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THERAMAL ENERGY STORAGE
1. SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE
Sensible heat storage systems utilize the heat capacity and the change in temperature of the
material during the process of charging or discharging - temperature of the storage material
rises when energy is absorbed and drops when energy is withdrawn
Sensible heat is literally the heat that can be felt. It is the energy moving from one system to
another that changes the temperature rather than changing its phase.

Fig 5.8

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2. LATENT HAET STORAGE
It is the amount of heat which is required for increasing the phase of the body without
change in temperature.
Latent heat storage is a direct storage system which has the advantage of high storage density
and ability to store energy with only a small temperature variation.
Various phases changes that can occur are
Solid –solid
Solid – gas
Solid – liquid
Liquid -gas

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 SOLAR APPLICATIONS

SOLAR DISTILATION

SOLAR DRYING

CENTRAL TOWER RECIVER

POWER PLANT

SOLAR CHIMNEY PLANT

SOLAR COOKERS

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CENTRAL TOWER RECIVER POWER PLANT
Central Receiver Systems:-The central receiver concept for solar energy concentration and
collection is based on a field of individually sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) that reflect the
incident sunshine to a receiver (boiler) at the top of a centrally located tower

Fig 5.9

SOLAR CHIMNEY
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A solar chimney is a type of passive solar heating and cooling system that can be used to
regulate the temperature of a building as well as providing ventilation. Like a Trombe wall
or solar wall, solar chimneys are a way to achieve energy efficient building design.
Solar chimneys (or thermal chimneys) are a form of passive building design. As
the chimney becomes hot, so it heats the air inside it. The hot air rises up the chimney and is
vented out of the top, and in so doing it draws more air in at the bottom of the chimney

Fig 5.10

SOLAR COOKER
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Most solar cookers work on the basic principle: Sunlight is converted to heat energy, that is
used for cooking. Evacuated tube solar cookers use a highly insulated double-wall glass tube
for the cooking chamber, and do not require large reflectors.
Fuel: sunlight. Sunlight is the fuel.

Fig 5.11

7.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

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The sun is a powerful source that can help our planet by giving us clean, reusable energy to
power our world.  The use of this energy is free, does not create pollution, and if used wisely
can help us become less dependent on other more costly and damaging forms of power. 
After participating in this Web Quest I hope you are able to see the benefits of this valuable
resource and help change the future for energy use

As per the geographical location of the country, India stands to its benefit and has tremendous
scope of generating solar energy. Solar Power Generation alone can cater more than 60-65%
of our entire need of power. 

9.REFERENCES

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 • 1. Green Engineering System material / Winny Dasari/ Assistant Professor/UCET
• 2. Future Scope of Solar Energy in India. Article · July 2016 DOI:
10.18090/samriddhi.v8i1.1140
• 3. © 2017 IJSRST | Volume 3 | Issue 6 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-
602X Themed Section: Science and Technology 585 Importance of Solar Energy
Technologies for Development of Rural Area in India A. Renuka Prasad1*, Dr.
Sumer Singh2 , Dr. Harish Nagar3

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 10.BIO DATA OF THE SEMINAR CANDINATE

NAME - AVINASH BOLLIMUNTHA

AGE/SEX - 22/MALE
ROLL NO - 17NF5A0301
MOBILE NO - 9959931757
G MAIL - avinashbollimuntha@gmail.com
COLLEGE - UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF ENGG&TECHNOLOGY
BRANCH - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ADDRESS - 8-338/1,BHIMINENIVARI PALEM(V),GUNTUR

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